Oberscheld

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oberscheld
City of Dillenburg
Coat of arms of Oberscheld
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 4 "  N , 8 ° 20 ′ 38"  E
Height : 267 m above sea level NHN
Area : 10.13 km²
Residents : 2004  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 198 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 35688
Area code : 02771
View from Rompelberg over Oberscheld
View from the Hölzchen over Oberscheld

Oberscheld is in Schelder forest directly on the eponymous Schelde situated district Dillenburg in central Hesse Lahn-Dill-Kreis . The district was largely shaped by mining - thanks to numerous iron ore mines in its area.

history

It is estimated that there were settlements in the Upper Scheldt area as early as the 8th century, the inhabitants of which were verifiably ore farmers, charcoal burners , iron foundries and forest smiths . The Scheldtal was rich in iron ore and large forests. The first documented mention of the place "Schelt" was in 1274. The actual name Oberscheld, however, was only mentioned explicitly in 1444. This mention was in connection with an ironworks that was located in Oberscheld. There is evidence that cast iron stoves were made here as early as 1590 .

During the Thirty Years War , the residents and buildings of the village were also affected. In addition to the cremation of their homes, the Oberschelder also had to endure the plague , which claimed many victims. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the Dillenburg Castle was destroyed, the Oberschelder population was looted and forcibly recruited.

On September 17, 2006, a storm that lasted several hours in Oberscheld caused a catastrophic flood. Around 400 households were affected in Oberscheld alone. The worst damage occurred in the streets Bahnhofstrasse, Marburger Strasse (here the Schelde and Irrschelde flow together underground), Bienengarten, Am Gahlert and Schelde-Lahn-Strasse. In addition, a slope of the local mountain fell down in the area of ​​the Hans-König-Weg. The total damage for Dillenburg and districts was around 25 million euros.

Territorial reform

The last mayor of Oberscheld was Ernst Heimann from 1954 until his retirement in 1974. As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipality of Oberscheld was created on January 1, 1977 by the law to reorganize the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen in the city Dillenburg incorporated . For the district of Oberscheld, as for the other incorporated, formerly independent communities, a local district with a local advisory council and local councilor was formed.

Economic history

The small smelters in Oberscheld became ironworks . The development of the steam engine and the railway also had great economic advantages for Oberscheld. The second blast furnace was inaugurated in Oberscheld as early as 1910 in order to meet the great demand for stoves and ovens in particular in the dill area . The closure of the two largest mines, “Königszug” and “Falkenstein”, then brought a profound industrial cut into Oberscheld's mining history. The village changed from a mountain and hut people village into a residential community.

Falkenstein mine

On the south-western part of the “Eiserne Hand” camp train near Oberscheld, the sinking of a new shaft began in early 1958 , after the building worthiness of the upcoming Roteisenstein camp had been proven by deep drilling. In addition to the conveyor shaft of the pit Falkenstein a ventilation shaft is up to 350-m sole drilled and an underground connection between the two shafts prepared end 1961st

After the Königszug mine was closed, the Falkenstein mine switched to two-shift operation in April 1968 and between 1968 and 1971 had an annual output of over 140,000 tons each. Although the ore had an iron content of about 40 percent, increasing sales problems arose from 1971, which led to the ore mining being stopped on August 31, 1973.

August tunnel pit

In the 19th century there were various fiscal and private mining operations in the Iron Hand area, which initially jointly carried out the “Auguststollen” (from 1831) and from 1889 the “Burgerstollen”. In 1912 the majority of the mine fields became the property of JC Grün. The Burger Eisenwerke, in which the mine ownership of JC Grün was dissolved in 1920, set up a processing plant in 1920/21 in which temper and smelting ore was processed. Until 1936 the old mine field names were still valid for the individual companies. Since then, the pit name Auguststollen has applied to the entire operation.

Also in 1936 Buderus took over the mine as a lease operation. Because of the foreseeable exhaustion of the previous operating points, the company began in 1938 with the development of a new opencast mine in the east of the Iron Hand and with the construction of a new processing facility for temper and smelting ore.

While the opencast mine was shut down in 1956, underground ore extraction came to a standstill in 1959. Tempering ore was processed here until the end of 1975, with tempering hearts from the Königszug and Falkenstein mines and with foreign ore in the last operating phase.

King's train pit

June 30, 1819 can be regarded as the hour of birth of the Königszug mine ; under this data defines a certificate that the four in Berg outdoor mines lying "Lugs hedge", "Three Kings" and "slot" in the districts Eibach and Nanzenbach the nassauischen Treasury as consolidated were given pit "Three Kings". The eponymous mine was already in operation around 1650.

After the annexation of the Duchy of Nassau by the Prussians in 1866, the mine was administered by the Prussian Mining Inspectorate in Dillenburg. In the eventful history this mine developed into the largest iron ore mine in Hesse . It reached its highest annual production in 1957 with 142,249 tons of iron ore. In 1968 the production of iron ore was stopped.

In contrast to many other mines in the region, many small businesses have settled on the site since 1972. Almost all of the main buildings have been preserved to this day.

An inscription from 1939 above the filling point of the shaft of the 400 m level reads:

"The squire holds it in a calloused hand,
the scales for army and country,
The ore that he breaks and mines up
becomes armor and steel at the top
Good luck for!"

Amalie pit (Amalienstollen)

The "Amalie" mine field, which was awarded in 1823 , became the property of Buderus in 1935 when the Hessen-Nassau Hüttenverein was taken over. Since the mountain administrations of the two companies were merged in 1933, the operational management was in fact already in the hands of Buderus. In 1933 the funding for ore supply to the Oberscheld blast furnace was increased and exceeded the 50,000 ton limit for the first time in the history of the mine.

The Amalie mine was connected to the Neue Lust mine by a 1.1-kilometer cable car. The thin parts of the deposit forced a forced alignment of the deposit into the depth . It became clear that the entire ore body was increasingly wedged downwards. In September 1951 ore mining had to be stopped due to inefficiency.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Oberscheld was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

Oberscheld: Population from 1834 to 2018
year     Residents
1834
  
 437
1840
  
 460
1846
  
 471
1852
  
 518
1858
  
 554
1864
  
 617
1871
  
 799
1875
  
 681
1885
  
 889
1895
  
 1,035
1905
  
 1,296
1910
  
 1,442
1925
  
 1,445
1939
  
 1,686
1946
  
 2.168
1950
  
 2,292
1956
  
 2,262
1961
  
 2,347
1967
  
 2,619
1970
  
 2,595
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
1999
  
 2,252
2005
  
 2.184
2009
  
 2.161
2014
  
 2,039
2018
  
 2,004
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1970 city of Dillenburg

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 0819 Protestant (= 92.13%), 15 Catholic (= 1.69%) and 55 other (= 6.19%) Christians
• 1961: 1922 Protestant (= 81.89%) and 282 (= 12.02%) Catholic residents
• 2018: 1199 Protestant (= 59.83%), 174 Catholic (= 8.68%) and 613 other residents

politics

Local advisory board

The Oberscheld local council consists of five members. After the local elections in Hesse in 2016 , it consists of three members of the SPD and two members of the CDU . The head of the village is Heidrun Brandes (SPD).

Culture and sights

Buildings

Protestant church
  • The Evangelical Church is a small hall from 1692. The ground floor is built in quarry stone and the upper floor in half-timbered construction. Inside there is a circumferential gallery on wooden pillars, on the ceiling a stucco relief with a pelican.

Ypsilanta visitor gallery

The 140 m long Ypsilanta pit , which was once a water solution tunnel , can now be entered through a restored mouth hole . The mining and field railway association Schelderwald e. V. has created a small monument to the building history of the Schelderwald.

Onlookers and school classes can see the conditions under which the miners had to work underground back then during a guided tour in complete darkness with the help of the “ light and the tough ” . You can see the typical tools of the miners of that time as well as a collection of different ores. In addition, there are photos and graphic display boards of geological formations that are criss-crossed by ore veins.

Economy and Infrastructure

Urban facilities

Schelderwald School
  • Glück-Auf-Halle
  • Village community center
  • Schelderwald School (primary and secondary school )
  • Ev. kindergarten
  • Youth room (together with the "Youth Working Group Oberscheld" - JAKOb eV)

Forest swimming pool Oberscheld

The heated outdoor pool in the Irrschelden Valley offers leisure opportunities in summer. A bistro is available to swimming pool visitors, but also to hikers, etc. In all seasons the forest swimming pool is a starting point for walks, hiking and cycling tours. The Schelder Forest with its historic pits provides a framework for this. The Ypsilanta visitor gallery is also located near the swimming pool.

traffic

Oberscheld was on the Schelden Valley Railway . This is shut down.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Oberscheld, Lahn-Dill district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b c Population figures for the city of Dillenburg from the web archive: 1999 , 2005 , 2009 , 2014 , 2018
  3. ↑ Law on the restructuring of the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen (GVBl. II 330–28) of May 13, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 17 , p. 237 ff ., § 24 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  4. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 21; kB) §; 5. In: Website. City of Dillenburg, accessed February 2019 .
  5. ↑ Horst G. Koch: Before the lights went out. Verlag Gudrun Koch, Siegen 1982, p. 143.
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ Oberscheld local advisory board on the website of the city of Dillenburg, accessed in April 2019.

Web links

Commons : Oberscheld  - Collection of Images