Obershausen

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Obershausen
community Löhnberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 43 ″  N , 8 ° 14 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 219 m above sea level NHN
Area : 10.43 km²
Residents : 533  (Jun. 1, 2019)
Population density : 51 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 35792
Area code : 06477

Obershausen is a district of the municipality of Löhnberg in the central Hessian district of Limburg-Weilburg with over 500 inhabitants.

geography

Obershausen is located in the southern Westerwald am Kallenbach , about 23 kilometers northeast of Limburg an der Lahn , 11 kilometers northwest of Weilburg and 7 kilometers north of the core town of Löhnberg on state road 3044.

The neighboring places are, starting from the north, clockwise: Odersberg (municipality of Greifenstein in the Lahn-Dill district ), Niedershausen (municipality of Löhnberg) and Dillhausen (municipality of Mengerskirchen ).

history

The map of the topographical survey of the Rhineland from 1819, on which Obershausen is recorded

Obershausen is mentioned for the first time in 1307 in an exchange document. An exchange of serfs is stipulated therein; a woman from Obershausen is exchanged for a woman from Dillhausen. All residents were serfs at that time. Otherwise they lived fairly independently under church rule. They had to pay a tenth rent to their sovereigns , the canons of the Walpurgis monastery in Weilburg . Every year the presence master came and checked the seeds with an expert eye. Then he started the lease, which almost always degenerated into tough bargaining with the farmers. Usually a tenth lease was 7 to 9 malter grain .

In 1511 there were 14 houses, 48 ​​cows and 166 sheep in Obershausen. The houses, even the church, were then covered with straw.

The Obershausen Church was built between 1000 and 1300 by the Counts of Merenberg . They were bailiffs over the native country.

The church is consecrated to St. Nicholas, hence the mountain on which it stands was then called Nikolausberg. The church is a small, essentially Romanesque nave with a narrow, square choir and an octagonal pointed spire. There is a Romanesque portal on the south side of the nave. Obershausen belonged alternately to the Catholic parish Mengerskirchen and Dillhausen. In the years 1534 to 1536 Obershausen became Lutheran . In 1570 the parish of Niedershausen was established and in 1628 Obershausen became part of the evangelical parish of Niedershausen, to which it still belongs today.

In 1510, Count Johann II von Nassau-Beilstein gave the Obershausen community the Mohrheck, later called the Mahrheck. The count loved hunting and hunted in the woods near Obershausen, which is why he was particularly fond of Obershausen. Perhaps that could explain the donation of the Mohrheck. In 1511 there were 14 houses, 64 cows, 87 cattle, 44 oxen, 1 horse, 109 pigs and 299 sheep in Obershausen.

The Thirty Years' War also did a bad job for the Obershausen community. In 1623, when Tillysche Reiter were quartered in Löhnberg and the French and Spaniards in Dillhausen, Obershausen had to take care of the food. In 1635 the village was completely exploited by Mansfeld troops . In 1643 there were only 8 men, 8 women and 9 children, 1 cow and 7 oxen in Obershausen.

In 1774 the municipality acquired the Johannisburg estate for an annual lease of 510 guilders. The coalition wars and the Napoleonic wars also brought a lot of suffering to Obershausen through billeting.

In Obershausen, as in the whole of the Westerwald, the Franconian inheritance law existed . The inheritance fell equally to all children. In 1820 the transition from pure farmers to small farmers began. The farmers earned extra income through spinning and weaving . At that time there were 28 looms in Obershausen .

In the first half of the 19th century the property was freed from all burdens and services. The tithe was relieved. The Landesbank, founded in 1848, advanced the money to the farmers. Iron ore mines were expanded in the middle of the 19th century, including the Eppstein mine near Obershausen. The mine was first state-owned and later passed to Krupp . Industrialization around 1860 gave the population work and bread. Every miner still had agriculture and thought and felt primarily as a farmer. Until it was replaced in 1886, Obershausen had market rights, which means that every full citizen of the village was entitled to collect dry wood and litter in the forest on Fridays. Then every marketer received from the state compensation of 28 marks annually.

Until 1902, the Obershäuser fetched their drinking water from the village well. In 1902 a high pressure water pipeline was built. On January 18, 1924, the village shone for the first time in electric light. In 1923 the company closed down, so all miners and ironworkers became unemployed. In 1933 there were only 3 employed workers. The population was now 456 in 105 families. The area of ​​390 hectares of usable land was just enough. Demand and generation balanced each other out.

The Obershäuser arable topsoil is not of good quality due to weathered slate. Flax cultivation used to thrive here. Rye, potatoes, oats, wheat and barley are grown. In addition to the Roteisenstein, which was mined in the Eppstein mine, there were also two clay pits, on the northwest slope of the Schweinskopfes, "Landwehr" and "Saturn". The pits were 50 to 60 meters deep. 200 tons were extracted every day.

In 1897, the Raiffeisen cooperative cash register was founded in Obershausen . During the Second World War , in 1944, 20 evacuated schoolchildren from Frankfurt am Main came to the village, and they were warmly welcomed. After the end of the war they returned to Frankfurt. But soon 149 displaced persons from the Sudetenland and Moravia were accepted in Obershausen. In 1960 Obershausen had 576 inhabitants with 138 families. They are mostly small-scale farms with sideline income from pits, wood forests, construction sites and industry. There was a clear change from a farming village to a workers' village. Today Obershausen owns: 202 ha of arable land, 135 ha of meadows, 693 ha of forest.

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , on December 31, 1970, the previously independent communities of the former Oberlahnkreis Löhnberg, Niedershausen and Obershausen merged voluntarily to form the new large community of Löhnberg. Selters was added on July 1, 1974 by virtue of state law.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Obershausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1511: 14 houses
• 1643: 08 men, 8 women and 9 children
• 1789: 73 men, 100 women
Obershausen: Population from 1643 to 2018
year     Residents
1643
  
 27
1789
  
 173
1834
  
 380
1840
  
 396
1846
  
 422
1852
  
 435
1858
  
 442
1864
  
 458
1871
  
 461
1875
  
 481
1885
  
 412
1895
  
 450
1905
  
 450
1910
  
 476
1925
  
 489
1939
  
 424
1946
  
 663
1950
  
 646
1956
  
 569
1961
  
 535
1967
  
 521
1970
  
 518
2010
  
 539
2015
  
 513
2018
  
 536
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; Website of the community of Löhnberg.

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 407 Protestant (= 98.79%), 5 Catholic (= 1.21%) residents
• 1961: 496 Protestant (= 92.71%), 37 Catholic (= 6.92%) residents

Culture and sights

societies

At the local level there are the associations Evangelische Frauenhilfe Obershausen, the Evangelische Frauenchor Obershausen, the Freiwillige Feuerwehr Obershausen eV since 1934 (including the youth fire department since May 1st 1984 and since June 17th 2007 with the children's fire department), the mixed choir "Eintracht" Obershausen, the KVO -Ukamamba Obershausen, the rural women Obershausen, the nature protection association Obershausen, the gymnastics and play club Obershausen, the VdK local group Niedershausen / Obershausen as well as the club ring Obershausen.

Cultural monuments

See the list of cultural monuments in Löhnberg-Obershausen .

Infrastructure

Since 1934, the Obershausen volunteer fire brigade (from May 1, 1984 with youth fire brigade and June 17, 2007 with children's fire brigade ) has provided fire protection and general help in this area.

There is the village community center in the Senner, the sports field, a children's playground as well as cycling and hiking trails.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Löhnberg from A – Z. In: website. Community of Löhnberg, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Amalgamation of the communities of Löhnberg, Niedershausen and Obershausen in the Oberlahnkreis to form the community of "Löhnberg" on January 5, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 3 , p. 111 , 119 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  3. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Limburg district and the Oberlahn district. (GVBl. II 330-25) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 5 , p. 101 , § 11 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 809 kB ]).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 373 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Obershausen, Limburg-Weilburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).