Obermenzing
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Obermenzing is a district of the Bavarian capital Munich with around 30,000 inhabitants on an area of 765.58 hectares . Obermenzing and Pasing form the Munich district 21 Pasing-Obermenzing .
location
The municipality of Obermenzing, which was incorporated in 1938, consisted of the two corridors Obermenzing and Pipping , both of which are located on the Würm and are seen today as separate, independent districts. The municipality boundary was roughly along the railway body in the direction of Obermenzing to Bergsonstraße, over agricultural areas to the A 8 , then to Oberen Mühlstraße, to Menzinger Straße, on the wall of the Nymphenburg Palace Park to the Munich-Pasing railway body - Munich Hbf .
history
Menzing prehistory
The municipality of Obermenzing was inhabited by hunters , arable farmers and fishermen in prehistoric times . During construction of the then so-called "settlement Blood Castle" at today Gerlichstraße were 1,924 urns and burial mounds found their grave goods are dated to the 12th or 11th century BC. The exact location of the settlement belonging to the graves has not yet been determined. Many researchers suspect the location in the vicinity of the Obermenzinger Castle, since its location in the Würm bend is of geographical and strategic importance.
Historically, Menzing as a whole does not become tangible for the first time before 782, together with Sendling and Moosach to the Wessobrunn monastery . Apparently there was no division between Obermenzing and Untermenzing at that time. Menzing was also obviously one of the foundations of Duke Tassilo III. In a document dated November 6, 817 , the noble Cotescalch and his brother Deotpald handed over their property in Menzing to the church in Freising . Between 854 and 875, Bishop Anno von Freising acquired further properties in Menzing by swapping them with those in Sickenhausen , thereby increasing the influence of the Freising Monastery in Menzing. His successor Waldo von Freising , who held the Korbinian chair from 883 to 906, therefore appointed the nobleman Rathoch as noble liege lord in Menzing. Nevertheless, various monasteries, including the monasteries Wessobrunn and Ebersberg , owned properties in Menzing. Since 12./13. Century a local nobility with the title de Mencingin (von Menzing) can be proven.
First mention of Obermenzing
More or less suddenly, the place “Obermenzing” appears in the Konradin register in 1315; This diocesan description mentions the St. Georg chapel in Obermenzing, which was assigned to the Aubingen parish . Aubing should be the mother parish of Obermenzings. The Wessobrunner Urbar of 1397 subdivides and describes the three places Obermenzing, Untermenzing and Pipping in detail, so that the division of Menzing was completed without any information about the reason.
From the Middle Ages to the community elevation
In 1403 Obermenzing experienced two important events: on the one hand, during the so-called "Munich Civil War" during the four-dukes government, the two mills were burned down by rebellious Munich farmers in order to cut off the water of the city of Munich. At the same time, the consecration of St. George, now described as "Church", was moved from the Sunday after the feast of St. Lawrence to the Sunday after the feast of the apostles Philip and James . On May 14, 1441, Duke Albrecht III. from the monastery Wessobrunn Obermenzing and the wood "called the Laym" and built the " Hofmark Obermenzing" after he had already expanded Obermenzing with the Blutenburg Castle from 1431 to 1440 . How and when the Hochstift Freising lost its influence is unknown.
In 1676, the electoral privy councilor Anton Freiherr von Berchem took over the Hofmark Obermenzing. He extensively rebuilt Obermenzing Castle. Berchem also managed to take over the Wessobrunn monastery property in Pipping in 1687, after he had already taken over the bailiwick rights in 1673 . This gave Berchem the opportunity to develop and manage Obermenzing as a whole. The attractiveness of Obermenzing for the electoral house increased so that after Berchem's death in 1700 Elector Max II Emanuel took over the Hofmark again in his direct possession. A process by the heirs finally failed in 1702.
In the same year the Obermenzinger tobacco factory went bankrupt . In 1803 Obermenzing became the school location.
Time as an independent community
In 1818 Obermenzing became an independent municipality with the districts of Blutenburg and Pipping. The municipality of Obermenzing remained rural. The opening of the Munich - Ingolstadt railway line initially had little impact on the development of Obermenzing, as the community was not given a stop. Nevertheless, a separate infrastructure developed, as is typical for rural communities: In addition to the establishment of the volunteer fire brigade in 1873, the establishment of schools and the fire station, some of which still exist today as buildings, should be mentioned.
The English Fräulein established their own institute in 1866 in Blutenburg Castle, which they leased, which existed until 1957. At the same time, Obermenzing became a branch of the Pasing parish, which was newly established in 1881. Both created an ever closer connection between Obermenzing and Pasing, so that August Exter established his villa colonies Neupasing I and II on the municipality border between Pasing and Obermenzing and soon expanded it to include Pippinger and Obermenzinger Flur. More and more educated citizens built their houses and villas in Obermenzing, which slowly changed the character of the community from that of a rural community to that of an elegant suburb. The associated increase in population resulted in the construction of a school building in 1902 and in 1907 the establishment of a railway stop in Obermenzing on Nymphenburger Strasse, today's Verdistrasse.
Obermenzing became a respected community for members of the Munich educated bourgeoisie , civil servants and executives. The self-confidence of the community grew along with the influx. Not a rural community for a long time, but the community did not want to give up its rural character. The plans for a new town center around the Catholic parish church of Leiden Christi , built in 1923/24, show lavish urban elements in combination with a rustic style. The establishment of a separate Catholic parish in Obermenzing and the award of the municipal coat of arms, both in 1922, underscored the pride of the municipality.
time of the nationalsocialism
As part of plans by incorporations , the capital of the movement of area and inhabitants moderate one of the largest of the empire to make even Obermenzing came to the attention of Nazi leaders. In the Reichstag election in March 1933, the NSDAP received 59.6% of the vote in Obermenzing . Hermann Göring and other Nazi greats lived here; the Döbereinerstrasse was deliberately named Hermann-Göring-Strasse.
The municipality of Obermenzing was compulsorily incorporated on December 1, 1938 with a contract of October 26, 1938, although the local council unanimously opposed the incorporation and also received support from many sides, such as B. the district office Munich-Land, forerunner of today's district office Munich.
Municipal coat of arms
description
In a silver shield on a green ground, a red lock with two tapering flank towers.
History and use
The Obermenzinger local council decided in March 1922 to adopt a coat of arms. The community commissioned the Munich painter Lorenz M. Rheude to deliver the design for a community coat of arms . Rheude, artistic collaborator and heraldic adviser to the former Bavarian Reichsheroldsamt, already presented a draft coat of arms on March 30, 1922, which showed a red castle with two towers growing out of a red battlement wall, a stylized representation of Blutenburg Castle. In the - heraldic - right Obereck he put the coat of arms of the Berchem family. The local council decided on April 26, 1922 to want to adopt this coat of arms.
The main state archives, which examined the designs of the coat of arms, refused to give its approval, as the use of the coat of arms of the nobility as a symbol would be "a heraldic novelty". On July 16, 1922, the local council finally decided on Rheude's draft, dispensing with the mark. The coat of arms was approved on September 22, 1922 by the Ministry of the Interior.
After the incorporation into the city of Munich in 1938, the city council of the state capital Munich has all rights to use and manage the coat of arms. The traditional understanding of the Obermenzinger has led to the fact that the coat of arms of the formerly independent community can still be seen on the Maypole in front of the Altes Wirt, despite the fact that it was incorporated into Munich in 1938. It was founded in 1980 through a donation from the Obermenzing e. V. attached to the maypole. The District Committee 21 Pasing-Obermenzing also uses the coat of arms in its letterhead in addition to the coat of arms of the formerly independent town of Pasing.
politics
The district committee of Pasing-Obermenzing was last elected on March 15, 2020.
The distribution of seats is as follows:
GREEN: 11
CSU: 10
SPD: 6
ÖDP / FW: 2
FDP: 1
AFD: 1
The Greens provide the district committee chair. The turnout was 54.0 percent.
Population structure
As before, Obermenzing is characterized by the upper social classes. The proportion of residents with a higher education or university degree is above average, the proportion of workers below average; it is just under 12 percent.
Religions
Originally Obermenzing was predominantly Catholic . In Obermenzing are now a Catholic parish with three churches, a Lutheran church and an Orthodox monastery .
The Church of St. George is the original village church dating back to the Romanesque and is located in the old town center. It was first mentioned in documents in 1315 and is now a listed building .
St. Wolfgang in Pipping was inaugurated in 1480. The late Gothic high altar from 1480 with its filigree carvings is particularly worth seeing . A comprehensive renovation was carried out in 2011.
City parish church suffering of Christ
The current Catholic parish church of Leiden Christi was completed in 1924 and presents itself architecturally as a uniform, modern and expressionist building with powerful monumentality.
Carolinenkirche
The Protestant Carolinenkirche was only consecrated on December 21, 1975 because Protestants had only moved to Obermenzing since the 1920s, but they then belonged to the parish of Pasing and received pastoral care from there.
Monastery of St. Job of Pochayev
In the immediate vicinity of the Blutenburg is the monastery of St. Job of Pochayev, which belongs to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and is also the residence of Archbishop Mark .
economy
There are no industrial settlements in Obermenzing. Around 60 percent of the approximately 4,000 jobs are in the service sector and in trade.
traffic
In private transport Obermenzing is well connected: The Pippingerstrasse in north-south direction and the Verdi street in east-west direction close to the district of Pasing and Nymphenburg on; Verdistraße in particular has a feeder function to the A 8 towards Stuttgart , so that the traffic load is not insignificant here.
The Munich-Ingolstadt railway runs through Obermenzing and is served every 20 minutes by the S2 line of the Munich S-Bahn . The twin-track with a central platform equipped S-Bahn - breakpoint Munich Obermenzing at the Verdi street near Bauseweinallee is an important link in the public transport . Several MVG - bus lines serve as a feeder to the subway and tram in Nymphenburg.
Green spaces
- Green corridor Würm - the Würm
- Park am Durchblick at Blutenburg Castle
Public facilities
Science and Research
- Zoological State Collection (Münchhausenstrasse 21)
Schools and educational institutions
- Elementary school with day care center An der Schäferwiese
- Primary school on Grandlstrasse
- Municipal secondary school an der Blutenburg, Grandlstrasse 5
- Obermenzinger Gymnasium - state-approved private high school of the Munich School Foundation -Ernst v. Borries
- Municipal Louise Schroeder Gymnasium (www.lsg.musin.de)
Architectural monuments
literature
- Susanne Herleth-Krentz Obermenzing - Journey through time to old Munich Published by the Munich City Archives, Volk Verlag February 2017, ISBN 978-3-86222-228-5
- Moved into the light - Jewish ways of life in the west of Munich. A search for traces in Pasing, Obermenzing and Aubing Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8316-0787-7
- Franz Schaehle: Hofmark Menzing. The history of the municipality of Obermenzing . Publishing house of the municipality of Obermenzing, Obermenzing 1927.
- Helmuth Stahleder : From Allach to Zamilapark. Names and basic historical data on the history of Munich and its incorporated suburbs. Edited by Munich City Archives . Buchendorfer Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-934036-46-5 .
- Wolfgang Vogelsgesang (Ed.): Obermenzing - history and stories . tape I . Erasmus-Grasser-Verlag, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-925967-14-1 .
- Wolfgang Vogelsgesang (Ed.): Obermenzing - history and stories . tape II . Erasmus-Grasser-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-925967-22-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Open Data Portal Statistical Office Munich. Retrieved May 2, 2018
- ↑ a b Jutta Czeguhn old but new , SZ March 28, 2017, p. R11
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 601 .
- ↑ Announcement of the final result of the election of District Committee 21 in the City of Munich (PDF). State capital Munich. Retrieved April 25, 2020
- ↑ Cf. Bürgerervereinigung Obermenzing: Churches in Obermenzing
Web links
- District Obermenzing - state capital Munich
- Pasing district
- City district and district committee 21 Pasing-Obermenzing - City of Munich
- District Committee 21 Pasing-Obermenzing
- Cultural history trail 21: Pasing-Obermenzing
- Citizens' Association Obermenzing
- Obermenzinger Dorfschreiber: History of Obermenzing
Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ' N , 11 ° 28' E