Assumption of Mary (Kaltern)

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Interior view of the parish church Maria Himmelfahrt

The parish church Maria Himmelfahrt ( Italian Santa Maria Assunta ) is the main church in the municipality of Kaltern on the Wine Route in South Tyrol . It is a Roman Catholic hall church from the 18th century with late baroque furnishings. Its Gothic tower is separate from the church.

location

The church from the market square

The parish church Maria Himmelfahrt is located in the center of the village on the northeast corner of the market square. It borders on Andreas-Hofer-Straße. A three-sided triumphal gate with a crucifixion group from the 18th century separates the church area from the street. The site is at a height of 426  m slm. Behind the east side of the church, it slopes down over vineyards to the Weinstrasse ( LS / SP 19).

history

Tradition has it that the parish of Kaltern was founded by St. Vigilius († 405), the third bishop of Trent . The first written record dates from 1191. In the early 14th century, the Romanesque church building was replaced by a three-aisled Gothic one , of which large parts are still present in the current building. In 1373 a fire burned the church, which was rebuilt and consecrated again in 1378. In 1400 the three apses were replaced by a choir with a 5/8 end . 1498 created Hans Klocker (1474-after 1500) a theme on the life of Mary related triptych , which is now spread across multiple collections.

Due to a lack of space and structural damage, the church was rebuilt from 1791 to 1793 using existing components according to plans by the Bozen master builder Matthäus Wachter (1740–1799). The nave was extended to the west by the width of the organ gallery and the Gothic choir was replaced by a rectangular choir. Ceiling frescoes and stucco elements gave the interior a late Baroque interior. This was intensified during the renovation in 1899/1900 by Albrecht Steiner von Felsburg (1838–1905) and his student Heinrich Kluibenschedl (1849–1929). The last restoration (roof, technology, interior) took place from 2002 to 2004.

The lower floors of the tower date from the 14th century. The completion of the tower is in the late Gothic period, probably around 1500, with the help of the builder of the Bolzano parish tower Burkhard Engelberg is assumed.

Building

The parish church seen from the east

The nave of the church is a rectangular structure 25 m long and 20 m wide with four window axes, to which a rectangular choir of 10 × 12 m adjoins after a rounded transition to the east. The whole is covered by a hipped roof. The west gable with two large rectangular doors and two windows is structured by flat pilaster strips . On the north side the sacristy is added with a small round tower in the western corner. The exterior simplicity of the building has a classicistic effect .

In the nave, the former pillars of the Gothic church now divide the space as pilasters . They have a surrounding stucco cornice. Large rectangular windows illuminate the room. There are smaller arched windows above the stucco cornice . The last axis of the nave is filled by the organ gallery, which is supported by two columns.

The parish tower, which is square in the lower part, has Gothic pointed arch windows and a surrounding balustrade made of Gothic quatrefoil elements . The adjoining, drawn-in octagonal pointed hood has four triangular gables with pointed arch openings at its base. The total height of the tower is 72.5 meters.

Furnishing

Altars

That of Teodoro Benedetti in 1744 originally for the Bolzano Dominican Church made high altar , includes a two-story freestanding tabernacle , the marble statues of the Apostles Peter and Paul is flanked. The altarpiece depicts the "handing over of the rosary to Dominic and Catherine of Siena " and therefore does not really fit the patronage of the Caldaro church. It was painted in 1744 by Michelangelo Unterberger (1695–1758) in Vienna for the altar of the Dominican Church in Bozen. The installation of the altar in the new church was done by Andrea Filippini from Trento , from whom the pulpit , the baptismal font and the holy water bowls come.

The two side altars, positioned at an angle in the rounded transition to the choir, came from Venice in 1818. The left with a picture of Liberale Cozza (1768–1821) is dedicated to St. Francis Xavier , the right to St. Isidore .

Stucco and ceiling frescoes

The Vigilius fresco (detail)

The stuccoing of the pilasters and the surrounding cornice was carried out after the new church was built by Giovanni Batista Stampa from Como .

The choir and nave are dominated by two large ceiling frescos by Joseph Schöpf (1745–1822) from 1792/1793. The choir fresco is dedicated to the coronation of Mary . Numerous biblical figures are gathered together as spectators on two banks of clouds. The fresco in the nave depicts the legendary martyrdom of St. Vigilius after he destroyed the statue of the Roman god Saturn . In the upper part of the picture Vigilius sees the sky open to him. On the triumphal arch between the frescoes, the divine virtues Fides (faith), Spes (hope) and Caritas (love) gather around the stucco cross.

After the church was rebuilt, the walls of the church, which initially remained without decoration, were only included in the overall baroque appearance during the renovation in 1899/1900. Heinrich Kluibenschedl created the circular pictures above the side altars with St. Joseph and the instruction of Mary by Anna . In the choir, the pictures of Saints Notburga von Eben , Heinrich von Bozen , Valentin and Romedius were added. The stations of the cross in the nave were created in the workshop of Albrecht Steiner von Felsburg.

organ

The organ gallery

The first verifiable organ of the church was built in 1603 by Hans Schwarzenbach, in 1642 and 1670 it was rebuilt by Daniel Herz (1618–1678), and from 1735 to 1740 Franz Ehinger added a Rückpositiv in another rebuilding .

For the new church in 1792, Anton Fuchs (1711–1794) built a new instrument with a new organ case using the old pipework .

After numerous repairs in the 19th century, Franz Reinisch (1840–1921) built a new two-manual 28- register instrument with a pneumatic pocket drawer and completely new pipe material into the existing case, albeit without a Rückpositiv .

After all, the current three-manual slider chest organ from 1978 comes from the Pirchner organ building company from Steinach am Brenner . The case was restored and a Rückpositiv built into the gallery parapet. The arrangement of this instrument with three manuals, pedal and 31 stops is summarized below:

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Covered 8th'
2. Prefix 4 ′
3. Reed flute 4 ′
4th Forest flute 2 ′
5. Sesquialter 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Scharff IV 1'
7th Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
8th. Covered 16 ′
9. Principal 8th'
10. Cane-covered 8th'
11. Pointed Gamba 8th'
12. Octave 4 ′
13. Pointed flute 4 ′
14th Quint 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Octave 2 ′
16. Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Zimbel II 1 ⁄ 2 ′
18th Trumpet 8th'
III Oberwerk C – g 3
19th Copl 8th'
20th Quintad 8th'
21st Wooden flute 4 ′
22nd Principal 2 ′
23. Quint 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Ripieno III 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Rohrschalmei 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
26th Principal bass 16 ′
27. Sub bass 16 ′
28. Octave bass 8th'
29 Choral bass 4 ′
30th Rauschpfeife IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
31. trombone 16 ′
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

literature

Web links

Commons : Mariä Himmelfahrt (Kaltern)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
  2. ↑ Andrea Bacchi, Luciana Giacomelli (ed.): Scultura in Trentino. Il Seicento e il Settecento: volume secondo. Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Trient 2003 ISBN 88-86602-55-3 p. 74
  3. ↑ the free organ database
  4. ↑ The organ of the parish church of Kaltern

Coordinates: 46 ° 24 ′ 48.5 ″  N , 11 ° 14 ′ 47.9 ″  E