Portuguese-Senegalese relations

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Portuguese-Senegalese relations
Location of Portugal and Senegal
PortugalPortugal SenegalSenegal
Portugal Senegal

The Portuguese-Senegalese relations describe the intergovernmental relationship between Portugal and Senegal . The countries have had direct diplomatic relations since 1974 and have been linked historically since the 15th century.

In 2008, Senegal was granted Associate Observer status in the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries , of which Portugal is a founding member.

In 2011 there were 1,623 Senegalese living in Portugal. Far fewer Portuguese live in Senegal, mostly employees of Portuguese or other international organizations and companies. In 2012, the Portuguese public television broadcaster RTP broadcast an episode about Senegal's capital Dakar and the surrounding area in its series Portugueses pelo Mundo (German: “Portuguese scattered across the world”) . There, with a UN employee, a soccer coach, a university professor and a shipyard manager, four Portuguese presented their place of residence in Dakar to the audience.

history

Before 1975

The famous slave house in Gorée (around 1839)

The Portuguese navigator Dinis Dias took possession of the island of Gorée in 1444, after which the Portuguese built a fortress to protect their new trading point. In 1536 the Portuguese built a first slave house here, in the place of which stands the now known slave house, built by the Dutch in 1776.

The Portuguese navigator Gonçalo Gamboa Ayala , first captain ( Capitão-mor ) of Cacheu , founded the place Ziguinchor in 1645 , today the main town of the area of Casamance (Portuguese: Casamansa ).

In the second half of the 17th century, France first became interested in the area, which is slightly larger than today's Belgium. The then colored governor of the Portuguese possessions, Honório Pereira Barreto , warned the central government in Lisbon in several letters of the danger of the increasing presence of interested foreigners in Ziguinchor, but without receiving any answers. The representative for the island of Madeira, for example, saw in the Portuguese Chamber of Representatives in the case of the item on the agenda on the subject of Casamansa 1840 in possession of insufficient importance not to meet the French interest in it. Apart from Alexandre Herculano , who strongly disagreed, no MP showed any particular interest in the subject.

The French-Portuguese differences that still existed on the Casamansa question came to the fore from 1870 when France read its own legitimate claims to the area from the agreement of March 18, 1868, while Portugal interpreted the agreement in the opposite way. After a series of incidents in the region, Portugal and France reached an agreement on the borders of Guinea in Berlin in 1886. Portugal ceded Ziguinchor to the French, while France left the area of Cacine (today a town in the Tombali region of Guinea-Bissau) in northern Guinea to the Portuguese . The agreement met with rejection in the dominant Afro-Portuguese family, the Carvalho de Alvarengas, who largely determined the fate of the Zenguin choir.

1887 died here Jean Frédéric Chambaz , bedeutendster French trader in the region and advocates of biological and cultural Mestizentums . In addition to French, he was fluent in the regional Portuguese-based Creole and had 13 sons with three wives.

This Portuguese Creole was first transcribed in 1922 with the work Petit Catéchisme Créole-Portugais, Katesismu di Dotrina Krist (o ~) by the French Pierre J. Esvan . It was written in French , printed by Souza Cruz in Braga , Portugal , and never made it to Guinea-Bissau. In it Esvan shows that the local Creole originated from Portuguese and local African languages.

Between 1963 and 1975, particularly during the Portuguese colonial war in neighboring Guinea-Bissau , Portugal had not accredited an ambassador to Senegal, but instead had its interests represented by the Swiss embassy in Dakar.

Since 1975

President Léopold Senghor (1987)

After the Carnation Revolution in Portugal in 1974 and the subsequent dissolution of the Portuguese colonial empire in 1975, relations between the two countries were given a new basis. With the double accreditation of the Portuguese ambassador in Guinea-Bissau, João de Sá Coutinho Sotto Maior , in the Senegalese capital Dakar, direct diplomatic relations between Portugal and Senegal began on June 20, 1975.

After the death of the first Senegalese president Léopold Senghor at the end of 2001, Mário Soares expressed his deep sorrow and described Senghor as a great friend and ally of the same ideals. The diplomatic relationship between the two countries was agreed personally in Paris in September 1974 by Senghor and Soares.

Since 2008 Senegal has been an Associate Observer in the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries , of which Portugal is a founding member. As a result, bilateral relations between the two countries have strengthened. The Casamance region in particular then became a target for Portuguese development aid .

In 2015, the Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões opened a language center in Ziguinchor, the second in Senegal after Dakar. At the same time, the Senegalese government expanded the range of Portuguese lessons in secondary schools that had been in place since independence in 1960. Today, with around 44,000 students, Senegal is the country with the most Portuguese students in the regular school system, ahead of Spain , in addition to the extracurricular Portuguese programs and the like. a. of the Instituto Camões.

Civil society actors from Portugal are also active in Senegal. The Portuguese aid organization Assistência Médica Internacional (AMI) recently supported a project to improve women's health in 17 communities in the Thiès region and the Diourbel region , which it also largely finances.

Casamance

The entire part of Casamance (Portuguese: Casamansa ) differs geographically and culturally from the rest of the country to this day. It is shaped by its history as a Portuguese colony and by its proximity to the former Portuguese Guinea-Bissau . So was u. a. the main town Ziguinchor was founded by the Portuguese in the 17th century, and a Portuguese-based Creole is spoken here, the Guinea- Bissau Kriolu . The still unresolved Casamance conflict goes back to these different cultural roots, which continue to have an impact today.

Twin cities

In 1989 the first friendships arose between the Portuguese port city of Viana do Castelo and the Senegalese port city of Ziguinchor , which was founded in the 15th by the Portuguese. Since then, two further partnerships have been established between municipalities in both countries.

diplomacy

At the headquarters of the Instituto Camões in Lisbon, also on Avenida da Liberdade, as is the Senegalese embassy

In Senegal, Portugal has its diplomatic mission at Villa Martha No. 6 on Avenue des Ambassadeurs in the capital Dakar. Burkina Faso (Port .: Burquina Faso ), Ivory Coast ( Costa do Marfim ), Gambia , Liberia , Mali , Mauritania ( Mauritânia ), Guinea ( República da Guiné ) and Sierra Leone ( Serra Leoa ) also belong to the administrative district of the embassy . Portugal does not maintain consulates beyond the embassy in Senegal.

Senegal has its embassy in the Portuguese capital, Lisbon, at number 38 on the central Avenida da Liberdade . This is also the country's liaison office with the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries , to which it is an associated observer. There are no Senegalese consulates in Portugal apart from the embassy.

Culture and language

The Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões is represented with two language centers in Dakar and Ziguinchor and a lecturer in Dakar.

Three architectural monuments in Senegal are listed in the Portuguese list of monuments SIPA. In addition to the slave house (Portuguese: Casa dos Escravos na Ilha de Gorée ) in particular and generally the entire historical center on the island of Gorée , a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978 , this is the Portuguese fortress Forte de Portudal near M'bour , originally from the 15th century. The resort of Saly Portudal was built on the beach there. The well-known resort is now the most important holiday destination in Senegal and one of the most important in West Africa.

In addition to the native speakers and other speakers of Portuguese-based Creole in Casamance, there are 44,000 students, mostly outside Casamance, who are learning Portuguese in secondary schools. This means that Senegal has, ahead of Spain, the most Portuguese students in regular schools among all countries whose official language is not Portuguese.

The Senegalese actress Fatou N'Diaye played the leading role in the Portuguese-Cape Verdean film Nha Fala - My Voice in 2002 and learned Cape Verdean Creole , a Portuguese-based Creole language of Cape Verde , similar to the Creole of Casamance in Senegal.

economy

The Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP has an office in Dakar.

In 2015, Senegal imported goods from Portugal worth 44.1 million euros (2014: 40.6 million, 2013: 53.1 million, 2012: 51.7 million, 2011: 34.9 million .), of which 27.1% fuel , 19.0% metals, 5.6% machines and devices and 4.9% vehicles and vehicle parts.

In the same period, Portugal imported goods worth 20.3 million euros from Senegal (2014: 21.7 million, 2013: 19.3 million, 2012: 14.4 million, 2011: 16.4 million). ), of which 77.3% agricultural products, 2.1% fuels, 3.8% food and 3.4% minerals and ores.

This puts Senegal in 56th place for Portuguese foreign trade among the buyer countries and 87th among the supplier countries. For Senegalese foreign trade, Portugal ranks 33rd among the buyer countries and 25th among the supplier countries.

The Senegalese foreign minister Mankeur Ndiaye visited Portugal in June 2014. Both countries reached an agreement on investor protection. Ndiaye then called on Portuguese companies to invest more in Senegal. In the areas of tourism, renewable energies and infrastructure construction in particular, Portuguese know-how would meet many opportunities in Senegal today.

Sports

Soccer

The route of the 2006 Dakar Rally from Lisbon to Dakar

The Senegalese national soccer team and the Portuguese national team have not yet played against each other (as of January 2017).

Some Senegalese football players have played for Portuguese clubs, such as Papa Babacar Diawara at Marítimo Funchal on the island of Madeira or international Alhassane Sylla , who has been under contract with União Madeira since 2017 . Kévin Gomis contributed to the interim success phase of the Naval 1º de Maio from 2009-2011 .

The striker Ladji Keita played for several Portuguese clubs, as did Fary Faye , Théo Mendy and Ousmane N'Doye . Also Modou Sougou already played at several clubs in Portugal and began his career here as well as international Abdoulaye Ba and Abdou Khadre Guirassy , who lives in Portugal and plays.

Rally Portugal Dakar

After the end of the original Dakar Rally 2008, a follow -up event, the Portugal-Dakar Challenge , has been held since 2009 (independent of the Africa Eco Race , another follow-up rally). The traditional rally from Lisbon to the capital of Senegal has been going on since the 2006 Dakar Rally. The Portugal – Dakar Challenge is linked to this and is based not only on the sporty, but also the landscape and people-making sense of the original rally.

Web links

Commons : Portuguese-Senegalese Relations  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diagnóstico da População Imigrante em Portugal - “Diagnosing the immigrant population in Portugal” (PDF download), study from 2011, published on the website of the Gondomar city council, accessed on January 28, 2017
  2. ↑ Portugueses Pelo Mundo - Dacar, Episódio 20 de 25 , website of the RTP series for the episode from Dakar (No. 20 of 25 of the 5th season), accessed on February 1, 2017
  3. ↑ Private recording of the Dakar episode by Portugueses pelo Mundo on YouTube , accessed on February 1, 2017
  4. ^ Entry on the slave house on the island of Gorée (under Cronologia ) in the Portuguese list of monuments SIPA, accessed on January 29, 2017
  5. ↑ a b c d Fernando Cristóvão (Ed.): Dicionário Temático da Lusofonia. Texto Editores, Lisbon / Luanda / Praia / Maputo 2006, p. 641ff. ( ISBN 972-47-2935-4 )
  6. ^ Page of the Swiss Foreign Ministry on relations with Portugal , accessed on January 20, 2017
  7. ↑ Overview of diplomatic relations with Senegal by the Diplomatic Institute of the Portuguese Foreign Ministry , accessed on May 4, 2019
  8. ↑ Léopold Senghor morre aos 95 anos de idade Mário Soares “triste e emocionado” com morte de Senghor - “Léopold Senghor dies at the age of 95, Mário Soares 'sad and touched' by the death of Senghor” , article dated December 20, 2001 of the Portuguese daily Público , accessed on 29 January 2017
  9. ↑ a b c Há 44 mil alunos a aprender português no Senegal - "44 thousand pupils learn Portuguese in Senegal" , article from November 13, 2016 in the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias , accessed on January 29, 2017
  10. ^ Website for the Dono Manga Hospital support project , website of the Assistência Médica Internacional, accessed on April 13, 2019
  11. ↑ Fijus di Terra: 500 anos depois ainda se fala português no Senegal - "Fijus di Terra: 500 years later, Portuguese is still spoken in Senegal" , article from January 20, 2016 in the Portuguese culture portal Vortex Magazin, accessed on 29. January 2017
  12. ↑ List of Portuguese-Senegalese town twinning at the Association of Portuguese Administrative Districts (ANMP), accessed on May 16, 2020
  13. ↑ Information on the Portuguese Embassy in Dakar , website of the Portuguese Embassy in Senegal, accessed on February 1, 2017
  14. ↑ Overview of the activities of the Instituto Camões in Senegal , website of the Instituto Camões cultural institute, accessed on January 28, 2017
  15. ↑ Entry of Forte de Portudal in the Portuguese list of monuments SIPA, accessed on January 29, 2017
  16. ↑ Portrait of the travel destination Senegal in the travel journalist portal Schwarzaufweiss (eighth paragraph, under Petit Côte / M'bour ), accessed on January 29, 2017
  17. ↑ Information in the Senegal Reisen portal , accessed on January 29, 2017
  18. ^ AICEP page on the Dakar branch , accessed on January 28, 2017
  19. ↑ Bilateral economic relations between Portugal and Senegal , Excel file retrieval from the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP , accessed on January 28, 2017
  20. ↑ Ministro do Senegal convida portugueses a investirem no país - "Senegalese minister invites Portuguese people to invest" , article from June 13, 2014 in the Portuguese news portal Notícias ao Minuto, accessed on January 29, 2017
  21. ↑ Information on the website of the Portugal Dakar Challenge ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 1, 2017 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.portugaldakar.com