Räuberberg (Görsdorf)

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Valley sand island of the Räuberbergs in the valley of the Blabbergraben

The Räuberberg is a ground monument in Görsdorf , a district of the Tauche municipality in the Oder-Spree district of Brandenburg .

On the 58.1 meter high hill there was a medieval German aristocratic castle , of which there is no evidence apart from the remains of the castle ramparts and archaeological finds from the 12th to 13th centuries - the castle is not mentioned in documents and other documents from the Middle Ages. However, the Räuberberg is Sagenschatz represented several times in the region.

Location and natural space

Region and Räuberberg in the Prussian premiere from 1846

The Räuberberg, which can only be reached on forest paths, is located in the west of the Görsdorf district and northeast of Schwenow , a village in the Limsdorf district of Storkow . It is located in the channel of the Blabbergraben north of the Drobschsee . About 900 meters upstream there is another ground monument, the Blabbermühle , which gave the ditch its name.

The approximately 14 kilometers Blabbergraben connects and drains five long lakes in the southwest of the Beeskower Platte from north to south into the Krumme Spree between Werder and Kossenblatt . The Beeskower Platte is listed as No. 824 in the natural spatial main units of Germany in the main unit group No. 82 East Brandenburg Heath and Lake Area . In the underground of the plate outweigh saaleeiszeitliche ground moraine , which is largely of flat wave Endmoränenbildungen the last ice age are superimposed. The settlement poor terrain is nestled in a wooded area and is part of the nature reserve Schwenower forestry and for nature park Dahme-Heide lakes and conservation area Dahme-Heide lakes.

Historical classification

The previously Slavic region was in the 12th century during the Ostsiedlung from the Wettin settled out and was part of the later rule Beeskow in Markgrafschaft Lausitz . Storkow , located on the northern border of Lusatia and the center of the neighboring Storkow rule , was first mentioned in 1209, and Storkow Castle was probably built around 1150. For the Wettin sovereigns, Storkow and the region were of great strategic importance in integrating the area into the Holy Roman Empire and securing the borders. As far as the castle on the Räuberberg actually goes back to the 12th century, it would be one of the oldest German fortifications from this period of the eastern settlement in the area of ​​today's communities Tauche and Rietz-Neuendorf . The surrounding villages were founded much later, measured by the first documentary mentions. For example, Görsdorf was first mentioned in 1443, Premsdorf in 1460, Limsdorf in 1393, Lindenberg 1284, Schwenow in 1490, Kossenblatt in 1208 and Werder in 1376.

In the immediate vicinity of the castle, north of Drobschsee, was the Drobschmühle , which, according to Günter de Bruyn, has sunk into the darkness of history. The only written mention of this mill (as Drobschmole ) comes from a feudal letter from 1376 from Strele , Lords of Beeskow and Storkow, for the Knights of Queiß .

The ground monument

The robber mountain in 2014

The Räuberberg is designated as a ground monument under the name Burg Deutsches Mittelalter . In the list of archaeological monuments it is listed as number 90383 under "Görsdorf (B)". The historical local lexicon gives the location of the robber mountain at 2.2 kilometers west-southwest of the Angerdorf Görsdorf and notes the remains of the ramparts of an aristocratic castle, finds from the 12th to 13th centuries on a hill north of the Drobsch lake. Assumptions that it was originally a Slavic castle wall or Slavic princely seat have not been confirmed.

description

The 58.1 meter high Räuberberg forms a valley sand island in the valley of the Blabbergraben and rises up to 18 meters above the surrounding terrain. The Blabbergraben flows around the remains of the fortifications of plateaus, ramparts and trenches today on the east side in an arch. According to the historian Leopold von Ledebur , the hill was completely surrounded by a moat in 1852 (see below). The open, moist meadow area and the watercourses offered the castle complex natural protection.

The castle complex was carved out of a natural, two-part hill, which is around 160 meters long and 80 meters wide. Both peaks are surrounded by ramparts and ditches and overgrown with mixed forest. The former core castle was probably in the area of ​​the almost rectangular plateau on the south side. According to Martin Petzel from the Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and the State Archaeological Museum, three earth outcrops produced a cultural layer that rests on a carefully laid field stone pavement.

Archaeological finds

The following finds come from the exposure of the culture layer :

The thin-walled ceramic from the 13th century is made of finely slurried gray clay with straps. It is classified as a late Slavic / early German transitional form. In this list by Petzold from 2005, a strong iron chain is no longer mentioned, which Ledebur claims to have been found on boggy ground at the end of the 18th century and which was considered part of a former drawbridge (see below).

Historical descriptions

The hill was probably first recorded as a robber mountain in 1704 on a map of the Görsdorfer district. As far as is known, the archaeologists' interest in the hill began in the mid-19th century. Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur described it in 1852. The pathologist and politician Rudolf Virchow , who was also successful in the fields of anthropology , ethnology and archeology and was the first to differentiate between Slavic (castle wall type) and Bronze Age ceramics (Lusatian type) and thus promoted castle wall research, visited the Räuberberg in the second half of the 19th century. Virchow examined the hill only superficially and did not dig it because of the strong roots . In 1888 the physician Robert Behla , who was one of the founders of the Niederlausitz Society for Anthropology and Prehistory , presented the castle wall in his work The Prehistoric Round Walls in Eastern Germany . In 1896, Hermann Busse reported in the magazine , according to the Woltersdorf local history museum, the “Märkische Schliemann” for ethnology about the robber mountain. In 1933, Walter Dinger announced in the Beeskow-Storkow district calendar that, to his knowledge, there were no finds that could provide information about the age and type of settlement of the ramparts.

Ledebur 1852

The historian , aristocracy researcher and heraldist Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur included the Räuberberg in his work The pagan antiquities of the Potsdam administrative district in 1852 . Under Kossenblatt he entered:

"In the valley of the small river, called the Blabber between here and Schwenow, a hill is called the Räuberberg (see Görsdorf), on which iron arrowheads have recently been found."

On the same page, Görsdorf followed in more detail:

“In a meadow north of Drobsch Lake is the so-called Räuberberg. Its circumference is 500 paces at the foot, and it is surrounded by a still visible moat. Its height is 70 to 80 feet. The summit at a height of 40 to 50 'again surrounded by ramparts and ditches is 100' long and 60 'wide. The top of the mountain is divided into two unequal parts by a deep incision, the southern part of which has 60 'from S. to N. and 70 to 80' from 0. to W., while the northern part has 40 'from N. to S. and 70 to 80 'from 0 to W. According to the owners, traces of walls are to be found inside the now overgrown mountain, and at the end of the last century a strong iron chain was found at the foot of the same on boggy ground was viewed as the remnant of a drawbridge that once existed here. "

- Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur: The pagan antiquities of the administrative district of Potsdam. 1852, p. 84.

Busses 1896

Hermann Busse (1847–1921) became known through prehistoric excavations and worked at times on behalf of the Märkisches Museum and as its district administrator. In 1896 the journal for ethnology said: Hr. Hermann Busse makes the following announcements with the presentation of the finds: […] . Message no. 3, to which Busse provided the sketch of the castle ramparts shown on the right, was headed Der Burgwall or Räuberberg bei Görsdorf, Beeskow-Storkow district. Busse wrote:

Sketch by Hermann Busse from 1896

"Visited on August 24, 1895. The same is [...] in swampy meadow terrain, which is washed by the Blabber Graben in the north and west, [...]. The castle wall contains 2 round walls (Fig. 6), is egg-shaped, seems to be a natural hill and belongs to the bailiff Paschke in Görsdorf. The two peaks are 70 feet high, the circumference is 630 paces. The egg shape extends from north to south. The moat is still clearly visible in the east, less so in the west. The entrance leads, slowly ascending from the south to 45 feet to the left, to the cut between the nörl. and southern summit or crown. The outside of this path is provided with a 4 foot high wall. A cauldron is not on the crowns. The refuge seems to have been between the two crowns. I was unable to undertake a closer examination because it was late in the evening; The incision, as well as the entire castle wall, is overgrown with 50–70 year old mixed forest (oak, birch and fir), which are quite a hindrance to an investigation. The southern crown has a circumference of 260 paces at the top and a diameter of 70–75 paces at the top, the northern crown has a circumference of 226 paces at the same height and a diameter of 70 paces at the top. To the north is another rampart at a height of 40 feet. "

- Hermann Busse: The castle wall or Räuberberg near Görsdorf, Beeskow-Storkow district. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1896, p. 129.

Busse also announced that in Ahrensdorf he had acquired an iron ball with a diameter of 4 cm, which is said to have come from the castle wall, which he doubts. He also referred to the depiction of Ledebur and gave Behla’s statement again that the wall was 500 steps in circumference, 70 to 80 'high and at 40-50' high, a ditch. The finds that Busse presented according to the editorial team of the magazine came from a Germanic urn field on the nearby Lüttkenberge near Wulfersdorf , from which colossal masses of stones, underneath which the vessels were located, left. He is not aware of any other finds.

Say about the robber mountain

The Lüttchen from the robber mountain

Sculpture by Lutken in Burg (Spreewald)

Mentioned by buses Lüttkenberge contributed, how many more hills of the region such as in Lindenberg, named after the Lusatian forecast over the living mostly in the ground dwarfs the Lutken , in the Mark Brandenburg Lutchen , Lüttjen , Lütken or Lüttken called. According to legend, the Räuberberg was also the seat of the little people who are said to have been mostly friendly to people. The people in the surrounding villages told about the castle site that the little people lived on and in the mountain. The Lüttchen were very sensitive to noise and with the penetration of Christianity they emigrated, frightened by the sound of the church bells. According to another account, the Lüttchen left the robber mountain when curious people watched them. They have not been seen since.

Shrub knights or robber knights as namesake

Another legend about the robber mountain explains how the mountain got its name. Afterwards, shrub knights are said to have lived here, who were particularly interested in the people who traveled from Schwenow, Werder and Limsdorf to Kossenblatt to buy goods there. A hidden string had been pulled across a narrow street between Drobschsee and the swamp at Räuberberg. If people bumped into it, a bell would sound. At this sign, the highwaymen rushed up and robbed the people. Therefore the hill would have been named Räuberberg. In addition, the robbers once caught a young girl and dragged it into her cave. After a hard year of service with the robbers with cooking, baking, washing and mending, during which she had never heard a nice word, he managed to escape. Furthermore, according to the stories of the ancients, a treasure is buried on the hill, which is guarded by two black dogs.

The writer Günter de Bruyn sees a true, historical core of the legend in the possibility that the fortifications from early German times could have been used by robber barons in the political turmoil of the 14th century .

Conservation and flora

Former natural monument

The Räuberberg was classified as a natural monument in 1938 according to § 3 RNG ( Reich Nature Conservation Act ) . The protection status was confirmed in 1950 by the then Beeskow-Storkow district . As recently as 2006, an article by the Dahme-Heideseen nature park administration said that the Räuberberg was a natural monument in addition to the soil. However, it is no longer included in the list of natural landmarks in the Oder-Spree district. A draft for the expiry of the ordinance on natural monuments in the Oder.Spree district from 2013 shows that the protection status has been lifted because the Räuberberg is already protected as a ground monument and as part of the NSG Schwenower Forest.

plants

Spring memorial on the Räuberberg

The Schwenower Forest nature reserve is part of the coherent European ecological network of special protection areas Natura 2000 . The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) characterizes the 746 hectare FFH area under the number 3850-301 as follows: Extensive forest area with structurally rich mixed deciduous forests of different moisture levels, switched on a series of mesotrophic bogs. At the edge of grassland with nutrient-poor meadows and sections of flowing water with backwaters.

Oaks , individual pines and hornbeams form the canopy of the robber mountain. On the ground, grow Meadow primroses , wood anemones and from the family of grasses which forms Brachypodium sylvaticum dense clumps . In spring, two extensive carpets of color with sky-blue petals of the spring commemoration shine in the depression between the two mounds . The neophyte , naturalized in Germany , was planted in gardens and landscape parks as a ground cover and path border , especially during the Romantic era . The rich occurrence on the valley sand island goes back to the plantings of the landowner and forester Carl Starnitzky, who died in 1814 and who had his favorite dogs buried on the robber mountain.

literature

  • Günter de Bruyn : Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape . With photos by Rüdiger Südhoff. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag , Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-596-16663-3 .
  • Hermann Busse: The castle wall or Räuberberg near Görsdorf, Beeskow-Storkow district. In: Journal of Ethnology . Volume 28. Ed .: Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory. Albert Limbach Verlag , Braunschweig 1896, p. 129.
  • Walter Dinger: Castle walls in the Beeskow-Storkow region. Chapter: The Görsdorfer Räuberberg. In: District calendar for the Beeskow-Storkow district. 1933. Ed .: Buchdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt Günther Knüppel & Haeseler with the approval of the district committee Beeskow-Storkow, Beeskow 1933, p. 29f.
  • Leopold von Ledebur : The pagan antiquities of the administrative district of Potsdam . Gebauersche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1852, p. 64 ( page 84 online ).
  • Martin Petzel: Görsdorf: The robber mountain. In: Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany. Volume 45: Frankfurt on the Oder and the Land of Lebus. Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1952-4 , pp. 155-156.
  • Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL) Part IX: Beeskow - Storkow. (Publications of the Potsdam State Archives , Volume 25). Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-941919-86-0 (reprint of the edition: Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachhaben, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 ).
  • Shrub Knight . In: Gisela Griepentrog (ed.): Spreesagen . Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, 2nd expanded edition 2009. ISBN 978-3-86650-232-1 , No. 467, pp. 302f.

Web links

Commons : Räuberberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Olaf Juschus: The young moraine south of Berlin - investigations into the young Quaternary landscape development between Unterspreewald and Nuthe. S. 2. Dissertation, Humboldt University Berlin, 2001. Also in: Berliner Geographische Arbeit 95. ISBN 3-9806807-2-X , Berlin 2003. See Figure 2 Plates and glacial valleys in the young moraine south of Berlin in Chapter 1 and Chapter 4 Fig. 32 and subsections 4.3.4.3 and 4.3.4.5 .
  2. ↑ Brandenburg viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (menu - "More data" - click and select accordingly; switch to the district boundaries "real estate cadastre" and there "districts".)
  3. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN): Map service for protected areas in Germany. Detail in the area of ​​the Blabbergraben.
  4. ↑ HOL, pp. 89, 137, 159, 161, 198, 244, 295.
  5. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 160.
  6. ^ Rudolf Hermsdorf: Between Dolgen and Skirmish. Chronicle of the localities of the Reichenwalde parish district. Part 1: From prehistoric times to modern times. Selbstverlag, Storkow 1934 S 46. - The Lehnsbrief is according Hermsdorf (S 47) or was at Hermsdorfs time in the Biberstein documents 1, Book II, pag 23/4 1-c-1 fr. Castle archive Friedland .
  7. ↑ HOL, p. 65.
  8. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Oder-Spree (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum; "Görsdorf (B)" stands for Görsdorf bei Beeskow to distinguish it from "Görsdorf (S)" = Görsdorf bei Storkow .
  9. ↑ HOL, p. 89.
  10. ^ Slavic castle complexes in Brandenburg. Görsdorf.
  11. ↑ a b Wolfgang de Bruyn : Trademark of a region - monuments in the eastern part of the Dahme-Heideseen nature park. (PDF) In: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V: JahreBuch 2001 , Prieros ISSN  1869-0920 pp. 49-54. See sheet 2 in the online version.
  12. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 55.
  13. ↑ a b c d Martin Petzel: Görsdorf: Der Räuberberg.
  14. ^ Walter Dinger: The Görsdorfer Räuberberg. P. 29f.
  15. ↑ a b c d Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 53ff.
  16. ↑ a b Hermann Busse: The castle wall or Räuberberg near Görsdorf, Beeskow-Storkow district. P. 129.
  17. ↑ a b Woltersdorfer Verschönerungsverein Kranichsberg e. V .: Hermann Busse.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Text panel from the Woltersdorf local history museum .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.verschoenerungsverein-woltersdorf.de  
  18. ^ Walter Dinger: The Görsdorfer Räuberberg. P. 30.
  19. ^ Journal of Ethnology . Volume 28. Ed .: Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory. Albert Limbach Verlag , Braunschweig 1896, p. 126
  20. ↑ Shrub Knight . In: Gisela Griepentrog (ed.): Spreesagen . No. 467, pp. 302f.
  21. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 54f.
  22. ↑ a b District Assembly of the Oder-Spree District: Draft: Appendix 3 to § 10 (expiry) of the Ordinance on Natural Monuments in the Oder-Spree District. September 16, 2013, p 4f. ( Regulation (draft) ).
  23. ^ A b Hans Sonnenberg: Land - stay - go. (PDF) In: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V: JahreBuch 2006 , Prieros ISSN  1869-0920 pp. 26–32. See sheet 2f in the online version.
  24. ↑ Landkreis Oder-Spree: List of area natural monuments in the LOS . ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.landkreis-oder-spree.de
  25. ↑ 3850-301 Schwenower Forest.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 22, 2017.

Coordinates: 52 ° 8 '50.3 "  N , 14 ° 3' 33.1"  E