Queis (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the family v. Queis, run in East Prussia
Coat of arms of the family v. Queis, run in the Beeskow and Storkow lords

Queis , other spellings Queiss , Queiß or Queist (in older documents also Queys, Quys, Queitz and others) is the name of a noble family that has lived in the margraviate of Lausitz (especially in the lordships of Beeskow and Storkow ), near Luckau , since the 14th century . in Cottbus as well as at Dahme / Mark (at that time Archbishopric Magdeburg ) and also in East Prussia .

Heinrich v. Queis was the trigger for the spectacular attack by Nickel v. Minckwitz on the then Bishop of Lebus Georg von Blumenthal and the city of Fürstenwalde / Spree , who at that time caused a stir throughout Germany.

history

The Queis are likely to have come from the village of the same name Queis (today a district of the city of Landsberg ) in the Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt . There is certainly no connection with the Queis River in Silesia .

In 1319 a mercenary leader named Queis took to the field against a Lithuanian captain, but his origin is not known. The first documented mention of the Queis family in the Beeskow rulership dates from 1372 when Dyprand Quys witnessed the pledge of the income from the city of Beeskow by the then owners of the Beeskow rulership, the Lords of Strele and the Lords of Torgau, to the Neuzelle monastery . This Dyprand is mentioned in two other documents from 1373 and 1377. here, however, written Duprand . In 1388 a Frytcze Quys witnessed a bond from Hans and Ulrich von Bieberstein to the brothers v. Knobelsdorf and Dietrich v. Praise. Hannos Queys had served as a mercenary leader in the war of the Teutonic Order against Poland-Lithuania in 1410 and came into conflict with the order because of unpaid wages. In 1455 Heinrich Queitz was in the service of the Teutonic Order, and in 1488 the brothers Christoph, Nickel, Titzbrandt and Bernhardt Queiß are documented as mercenaries of the order.

Possessions

Look good (big)

The Gut Groß Schauen with Kleinschau , only called Gut Schauen in early documents , probably belonged to the v. Family before 1376. Queis. They were able to prove this property until 1490. 1506 published in Groß Schauen die v. Tassel . It is not known when the estate changed hands exactly. During this time the v. Queis acquired various property shares in the vicinity or had to sell them again. Combined with the Groß Schauen estate was Dahmsdorf (Gem. Reichenwalde) from 1376 to 1464 , 1444 and 1451 with the exception of the Kirchlehn or the parish church and the property of the pastor. In 1488 Dahmsdorf became the property of the v. Retzow over. The place Groß Eichholz (district of Storkow (Mark)) with elevations of 6 farmers and 1489 over the high and low jurisdiction also belonged to the Gut Groß Schauen . In 1509 this ownership share is transferred to the v. Kanitz passed over. The village of Wendisch Rietz (Lkr. Oder-Spree), with the exception of the mill, belonged to the Queis on Groß Schauen from 1376 to after 1464. The place Werder / Spree (now part of the municipality of Tauche ) was also part of the Groß Schauen estate belonged to the Queis from 1376 to after 1416.

In Bugk (part of the city of Storkow (Mark) ), the water mill there was from 1416 to 1489, located a little north of the town center on the Wuchseeflu between Großer Wucksee and Bugker See , owned by the Queis on Groß Schauen. The mill near Bugk was built by the v. Kanitz acquired.

Coat of arms of the v. Queis under the north gallery of the church of Görsdorf b. Storkow

In 1416 the v. Queis on Groß Looking half of the village of Görsdorf b. Storkow held, also in 1436 and 1463. Around this time, the wall paintings in the church of Görsdorf were created, under the north gallery three coats of arms of the v. Queis. The other half of the village belonged to the v. Extinguishing fire . In 1494 the v. Queis half of the v. Fire extinguishing fire and established a residence here (see Gut Görsdorf b. Storkow).

In Reichenwalde the v. Queis too large look 1416 and 1424 4 hooves.

In 1448 the Queis owned the Lehngut in Ahrensdorf (today part of the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf ) on Groß Schauen . How long they owned the estate is not known. In 1519 this feudal estate was owned by Seifertitz.

In 1448 the court and the feudal estate in Wulfersdorf belonged to the v. Queis to look great.

In 1418 the Groß Schauen estate belonged to the Nickel Qwyz . In 1425 there was a Dyprand Qwyes in Schauwen ( Groß Schauen ); he was certainly a descendant of the 1372 named Dyprand . In 1464 there was another Nickel Qweis at Schawen . In 1485 the Brandenburg Elector Johann and the Bishop Joachim von Brandenburg had an inheritance dispute between the siblings Christoff, Nickel, and Bernd Queis and Anne, Agnes and Hedwig their sisters, on Groß Schauen as well as Paul and Heinrich Luckau (Luckow) and Hans Bernfeld zu Collen , Margarethe, the wife of Michael Hildebrand of Dresden, Hewig, the wife of Georg Zichows zu Beskow, Dorothea, the wife of Heinz Peschel zu Guben, Anna, the wife of Balzer Hochaus zu Düben and Regina, the wife of Kilian Werbings zu Brietzen on the one hand and Moritz Schönow, doctor and canon in Magdeburg and Albrecht Schönow on Gollin on the other side. In 1489 the brothers Christoph, Georg, Nickel, Typrand and Bernd v. Queis enfeoffed together with large and small shows. But already in 1487 the two villages belonged to the brothers Heinrich and Kaspar v. Hobeck .

In 1546 the place Silberberg (today a residential area of ​​the municipality Bad Saarow ) was supposedly owned by the v. Queis to look great. In 1553 it belonged to the von der Liepe on Groß Schauen. Possibly this is a typo for the v. Quast, who owned the Groß Schauen estate in 1546.

Görsdorf b. Storkow

In 1416 the v. Queis on Groß Looking half of the village of Görsdorf b. Storkow , the other half belonged to the v. Extinguishing fire. In 1494 the v. Queis also half of the v. Acquire extinguishing fire and maintain the village until 1559. In 1436 a Cunratt Leschebrandt had his residence in Görsdorf b. Storkow.

In Kummersdorf , the Queis family in Görsdorf owned a hoof in 1463 or the levy of this hoof, in 1492 the levy of 1½ hooves or again of one hoof (1494). In 1518 Georg v. Queis this share to the Storkow office .

In 1486 the Brandenburg margrave Johann Cicero renewed the fiefdom (three free hooves) of Hans v. Queis zu Cottbus and his brothers Jorgen, Heinrich and Christoff zu Görsdorf.

In 1494 the v. Queis, in Görsdorf b. Storkow sat, in the village of Friedersdorf (today part of the municipality of Heidesee in the district of Dahme-Spreewald) a small share of the property, the taxes of two farmers and two kossas, which they received from the v. Had acquired extinguishing fire. In 1518 Georg v. Queis even four peasants and two kossas. In 1518 there were nine lakes in the rule of Storkow to the Georg v. Queis pledged. In 1518 Fritze v. Queis a share in the village of Friedersdorf. In 1556 this share belonged to Andreas v. Queis, who sold it to the Storkow office that year.

Good Kolberg

The village of Kolberg was owned by the Queis from 1524 until around 1560. Apparently, the family's courtyard was built in the village before 1524. In 1524 and 1539 the Queis on Kolberg had a two-hoofed farmer in Friedersdorf. Before 1560, the Queis family owned the village of Klein-Eichholz on Kolberg , which was sold to the v. Bernheim left.

Good Blossin

The village of Blossin belonged to the v. Queis as early as 1448. By the end of the 15th century at the latest, a family residence had been established there, where Heinrich von Queis lived.

In 1528 Heinrich v. Queis quarreled with his shepherd, who then abused Heinrich's family and left Blossin. At the beginning of 1528, with the help of some farmers from the neighboring Dolgenbrodt and Friedersdorf , he drove the Queis sheep away. Queis filed a lawsuit against the shepherd with the bishop of Lebus and Ratzeburg, Georg v. Blumenthal, his liege lord. He ordered the governor in Storkow the Queis to get his flock of sheep back. However, the governor did not take care of the case, the reason for which is not known. Thereupon it burned in several villages; the shepherd was suspected to be behind the fires. Heinrich v. Queis now repeated his complaint to the bishop. The bishop again gave the order to his governor to get the queis back the sheep. Again the governor delayed the order. Heinrich v. Queis then turned to the governor of Lower Lusatia Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko (w). He now wrote to the bishop that he should take care of his vassal's affair. This admonition by the governor did not go down well with Bishop Georg von Blumenthal. After a violent correspondence between the bishop and the bailiff, the bailiff delayed the matter. Georg von Blumenthal now asked Heinrich v. Queis that he should come personally to Friedersdorf, bring the lawsuit against the shepherd and the defendant could justify himself. Queis refused and feared an ambush. After more than six months without any further progress in the matter, Heinrich v. Queis to Nickel von Minckwitz von Sonnenwalde with a request for help. He did not hesitate long, prepared his people, allegedly around 60 riders, and moved towards Fürstenwalde, the seat of the Bishop of Lebus. On the way, Otto v. Joining Baruth. In addition, other gunmen allegedly joined in, so that up to 400 gunmen arrived in front of Fürstenwalde. They got into town by deception. The citizens of Fürstenwalde opposed the troop. On the assurance of Nickel v. Minckwitz 'that nothing happens to them, because it is not about you and the city of Fürstenwalde, but about the bishop, they went back to their houses. Bishop Georg v. But Blumenthal had noticed the tumult in the city and probably already suspected that the attack was aimed at him. He escaped from the bishop's palace and got out of the city. When the crowd around the Nickel von Minckwitz no longer met the bishop, however, they plundered the bishop's palace, the cathedral church and because the citizens of Fürstenwald had allegedly warned the bishop, contrary to the original assurance, the town houses of Fürstenwalde. With their booty they moved back to the heavily fortified Sonnenwalde Castle. The incident now resulted in far-reaching political differences between Brandenburg and Saxony. As the process progressed, a process began. Nickel v. Minckwitz fled, but stayed with him for years with benevolent peers. Ultimately, however, in 1534 he had to submit to the Brandenburg Elector and the Bishop of Lebus and ask for forgiveness. After Wohlbrück Heinrich v. Queis his estate Blossin and still lived in poor conditions in 1540. Even before 1556 Blossin was owned by the v. Lawald passed over.

Good Golzig

In 1425 a Heinrich Qwyes had his seat in Goltz (Golzig, today the municipality of Kasel-Golzig ).

Buchholz

In 1516, Jorge Queiß received the village of Buchholz near Calau (now excavated) with dishes, mill ponds and a sheep farm. In 1524 Jacob Queis was court judge in Cottbus. In that year he sold the village of Buchholz as guardian of the still underage Georg v. Queis, son of his late brother Georg, sat to the brothers Seiuert / Seifert, Oswald and Allex von Löben zu Geisendorf , today also devastated.

cottbus

In 1486 the Brandenburg margrave Johann Cicero renewed the fiefdom of Hans v. Queis zu Cottbus and his brothers Jorgen, Heinrich and Christoff zu Görsdorf. In 1500 the three hooves were passed on to Hans' son, Jacob. This year the Brandenburg Elector Joachim and Margrave Albrecht transferred the three free hooves to Friedrich Promnitz, citizen of Cottbus.

Individual possessions or individual mentions in the then Mark Lausitz

In the Kietz near Beeskow the v. Queis 1448 the Vorwerk there.

In 1448 Friedrich v. Bieberstein gave the Vorwerk in Kietz near Storkow to the Queis family. This included a Freihof, a Werder bei Kietz, a free boat on the Dolgensee (today Großer Storkower See ) for fishing, and a hoof in the Stadtfeld. In 1506 the v. Queis together with the Lawenwald (probably the real Lawald) hold the Burglehn Storkow.

In 1465, Hans Queis was part of Wendischen Rietz ( Klein Rietz , municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf). They claim this possession until around 1506.

In 1518 an altar donation from a Doctor Queis received grain donations from Wilmersdorf (part of the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf).

In Selchow (part of the city of Storkow (Mark)) the v. Queis 1489 the levies from the judge and three farmers. In 1518 Georg v. Queis the taxes from a two-hoofed farmer there.

In Streganz in 1506 the Queis had the taxes from a four-hoofed farmer and 5 kossas. In 1518 Fritz v. Queis a free sheep farm and 5 farmers with eight hooves who pay him interest. 1524 belonged to the v. Queis two Hüfner and two Kossät, and in 1539 a Zweihüfner and a Kossät.

Land Dahme

In Rosenthal (district of the city of Dahme / Mark ), Ihlow and Hohenseefeld in the state of Dahme , at that time already mostly called Amt Dahme , Heinrich v. Queis held smaller shares from 1522 to 1549.

East Prussia

In East Prussia and West Prussia the v. Queis the manor or property in:

Unverified possession

Alleged possession of the Queis in Dissen (part of the community Dissen-Striesow , district Spree-Neisse ) could not be verified using the historical local dictionary of Niederlausitz. Sows should be a prescription for large shows, since the v. Queis had a knight's seat. The alleged possession in Stahnsdorf (district Potsdam-Mittelmark, Brandenburg) is also based on an error. Even before 1435 the v. Hake enfeoffed with Stahnsdorf, who were able to maintain this possession until 1872. However, Wohlbrück mentions that Hans v. Queis was the owner of (old) Stahnsdorf (today part of the city of Storkow (Mark)) from 1450 to 1490 . The historical local lexicon, however, gives the v. Family for the period in question . Milow as the owner of Alt Stahnsdorf with the mill.

Other mentions

In 1513, the Brandenburg Elector Joachim I took Georg v. Queiß as Hofmeister.

In 1587 a Niklas von Queiß received a certificate from the then administrator of the Duchy of Prussia, Georg Friedrich I of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , stating his noble origin and his noble name for the purpose of legitimizing his heritage.

In 1741, the Prussian King Friedrich II took protection of the Masonic Lodge in Berlin; among the members was also a v. Queist.

During the hereditary homage in Königsberg (Prussia) in 1840 , the General Landscape Syndic v. Quiss the Red Eagle Order 4th grade.

coat of arms

Several coat of arms variations are known. The V. Queis in the Beeskow and Storkow dominions carried the following coat of arms:

In the shield in silver three red crossbars, accompanied by ten black (or red) ostrich feathers, above the first crossbar there are four, above the second three, above the third two and below the third a small red ostrich feather. All are bent to the left. The helmet is crowned with a three-part shrub with 3 green leaves on top and on each side (or three long, pointed green leaves) between two white buffalo horns covered with three red bars, each with five alternating red and white ostrich feathers on the outside are equipped. The blankets are red and white.

The shield in blue with ten white ostrich feathers in four rows (top 4, then 3, then 2 and bottom 1). The helmet with two blue buffalo horns, the blankets in blue and silver. In a seal of Heinrich Queis from 1528 the ostrich feathers are replaced by ten bricks, and in a seal of Andreas Queis from 1553 the ostrich feathers are ten leaves.

Name bearer

supporting documents

literature

  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon , p. 299, digitized
  • Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part X Jüterbog-Luckenwalde. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1992 ISBN 3-7400-0128-3 (in the following abbreviated to Rohrlach, Historisches Ortslexikon, Jüterbog-Luckenwalde with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. 454 p., Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0 (p. 164)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume IV: District of Kalau Part I. 653 p., Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1988, ISBN 3-7686-4120-1 (p. 57)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz Volume 1, introduction and overviews. The districts of Luckau, Lübben and Calau. 403 p., Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (p. 168/9)
  • Joachim Schölzel: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IX Beeskow-Storkow. 334 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1989 ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 (hereinafter Schölzel, Historisches Ortslexikon, Beeskow-Storkow, page number).
  • Siegmund Wilhelm Wohlbrück : History of the former diocese of Lebus and the country of this taking. Second part. 545 p., Berlin, self-published by the author, 1829 (hereinafter abbreviated to Wohlbrück, Diocese of Lebus, 2, with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Christian von Hellbach : Adels-Lexikon or manual on the historical, genealogical and diplomatic, in part also heraldic news from the high and low nobility, especially in the German federal states, as well as from the Austrian, Bohemian, Moravian, Prussian, Silesian and lausitzian nobility. Vol. 2: L to Z. VIII, 874 S., Ilmenau, Voigt, 1826 Online at Google Books (S. 271)
  2. ↑ a b Wohlbrück, Bistum Lebus, 2, p. 274ff. Online at Google Books
  3. ^ A b Eduard Philippi: The feud of Mr. Nickel von Minkwitz in 1528. Journal for Prussian History and Regional Studies, 3: 541-551, Berlin 1866 online at Google Books (p. 528).
  4. ↑ Christine Reinle : Bauernfehden: Studies on the feuding of non-nobles in the late medieval Roman-German Empire, especially in the Bavarian duchies. 589 S., Steiner, Stuttgart, 2003 ISBN 3-515-07840-1 .
  5. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 S., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 354)
  6. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 367)
  7. ^ Sven Ekdahl (edit.): The pay book of the German Order 1410/1411: Part II: Indices with personal-historical comments. Böhlau, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2010 ISBN 978-3-412-20583-6 Preview on Google Books (p. 231)
  8. ↑ www.schlossarchiv.de: from Queis
  9. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 383)
  10. ^ A b Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 23.516 S., Reimer, Berlin 1862 & pg = PA167 # v = onepage & q & f = false Online at Google Books (S. 167)
  11. ^ A b Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20. 516 S., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 428)
  12. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 24.500 S., Reimer, Berlin 1863 Online at Google Books (p. 465)
  13. ↑ Wohlbrück, Bistum Lebus, 2, p. 453 Online at Google Books ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 454) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.books.google.de
  14. ^ Woldemar Lippert: Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Tape. The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the lords of Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. 353 p., Dresden, Verlag der Wilhelm und Bertha v. Baensch Foundation 1933 (p. 55)
  15. ^ A b Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 2 (B) Vol. 5.500 S., Reimer, Berlin 1848 Online at Google Books (p. 426)
  16. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 477)
  17. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 496)
  18. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 480)
  19. ↑ Wohlbrück, Bistum Lebus, 2, p. 450 Online at Google Books  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.books.google.de  
  20. ↑ a b Wohlbrück, Bistum Lebus, 2, p. 453 Online at Google Books  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 453)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.books.google.de  
  21. ^ Houwald, Rittergüter, IV, Kalau Part 1, p. 158.
  22. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 3 (C) Vol. 2. ** S., Reimer, Berlin 1848 Online at Google Books (p. 508)
  23. ^ Houwald, Rittergüter, IV, Kalau Part 1, p. 230.
  24. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 2 (B) Vol. 6.500 S., Reimer, Berlin 1848 Online at Google Books (S. 159)
  25. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 S., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 498)
  26. ↑ a b Wohlbrück, Bistum Lebus, 2, p. 453 Online at Google Books  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 455)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.books.google.de  
  27. ↑ Wohlbrück, Bistum Lebus, 2, p. 453 Online at Google Books  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 456)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.books.google.de  
  28. ^ Rohrlach, Historisches Ortslexikon, Part X Jüterbog-Luckenwalde, p. 445.
  29. ^ Rohrlach, Historisches Ortslexikon, Part X Jüterbog-Luckenwalde, p. 210.
  30. ^ Rohrlach, Historisches Ortslexikon, Part X Jüterbog-Luckenwalde, p. 481.
  31. ^ Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy , Volume 2. LS. Verlag von Ludwig Rauh, Leipzig 1855 Online at Google Books (p. 242)
  32. ↑ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon or genealogical and diplomatic news from the princely, counts, baronial and noble houses residing in the Prussian monarchy or related to it: with the indication of their ancestry, their property, their coat of arms and the civil and military figures, heroes, scholars and artists who emerged from them. Fourth volume: P - Z. X, 480 p., Gebrüder Reichenbach, Leipzig, 1837 Online at Books (p. 74)
  33. ↑ a b George Adalbert von Mülverstedt : J. Siebmacher's large and general Wappenbuch in a new, completely ordered and richly increased edition with heraldic and historical-genealogical explanations. 6th volume 5th section. The dead nobility of the province and Mark Brandenburg. Verlag von Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1880 (p. 71, plate 42) online
  34. ↑ Schölzel, Historisches Ortslexikon, Beeskow-Storkow, p. 258.
  35. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source writings, part 3, vol. 3. 510 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 228)
  36. ↑ Georg Adalbert v. Mülverstedt: About nobility certificates and evidence of nobility. Generalissimo Graf. v. Tilly a Prussian. Neue Prussische Provinzial-Blätter, 8: 81-91, Königsber, 1855 (p. 88) online at Google Books
  37. ↑ Michael Ranft : Genealogical-historical news of the very latest occurrences, which happened at the European courts, in which at the same time many class persons and other famous people life descriptions occur. 19 part, 1154 p. + Register, Johann Samuel Heinsius, Leipzig 1741 Online at Google Books (p. 634/5, Freemason).
  38. ↑ Karl Streckfuß: The Prussian homage festival: compiled according to official and other secure news and personal opinion. IV, 180, 72 pp. Enslin; Schröder, Berlin 1840 Online at Google Books (p. 10)
  39. ^ Sven Tode: Episcopal Reformation. Bishop Erhard von Queiß of Pomesanien and his "Themata" . In: Jörg Deventer, Susanne Rau , Anne Conrad: Turning times: rule, self-assertion and integration between Reformation and liberalism, pp. 225–239, 2nd edition, LIT Verlag, Münster 2006 ISBN 3-8258-6140-6 preview at Google Books
  40. ↑ Johann Heilmann: The Art of War of the Prussians under King Frederick the Great. Abth. 1. XVI, 348 S., Goedsche, Leipzig, 1852 Online at Google Books (p. 335)
  41. ^ Henry Lloyd, Georg Friedrich von Tempelhoff: History of the Seven Years' War in Germany between the King of Prussia and the Empress Queen with her allies. Which contains the campaign of 1759. 384 p., Unger, Berlin 1787 Online at Google Books (p. 80)