Blabbergraben

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Blabbergraben
Blabber ditch
The brook in the area of ​​the former Blabbermühle

The brook in the area of ​​the former Blabbermühle

Data
Water code DE : 5827138
location Brandenburg , Germany
River system Spree
Drain over Spree  → Havel  → Elbe  → North Sea
source North-east of the Herzberger See in Herzberg (part of the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf )
52 ° 13 ′ 14 ″  N , 14 ° 6 ′ 3 ″  E
Source height 66.1  m above sea level NHN
muzzle Krumme Spree between Werder and Kossenblatt (districts of the municipality of Tauche ) Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 22 ″  N , 14 ° 3 ′ 9 ″  E 52 ° 7 ′ 22 ″  N , 14 ° 3 ′ 9 ″  E
Mouth height 41  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 25.1 m
Bottom slope around 1.8 ‰
length around 13.7 km
Catchment area 53 km²
Left tributaries Schwenowseegraben from Schwenowsee to Drobschsee
Right tributaries Unnamed ditch from Lindenberg to Lindenberger See
Flowing lakes Herzberger See , Lindenberger See , Ahrensdorfer See , Premsdorfer See , Drobschsee (from north to south)
Small towns Storkow ( Limsdorf district , Schwenow district )
Communities Rietz-Neuendorf , diving
The panels in the eastern Berlin area. The Beeskower Platte (here combined with the Storkower Platte to the northeast) is located south of the Lebuser Platte. The course of the Blabbergraben is highlighted in red. The body of water northwest of the trench is the Scharmützelsee.

The panels in the eastern Berlin area. The Beeskower Platte (here combined with the Storkower Platte to the northeast) is located south of the Lebuser Platte . The course of the Blabbergraben is highlighted in red. The body of water northwest of the trench is the Scharmützelsee .

The Blabbergraben is a sand-shaped lowland stream in the Oder-Spree district of Brandenburg . It connects five elongated lakes located in a glacial channel of the Beeskower Platte and in the municipalities of Rietz-Neuendorf and Tauche and drains them from north ( Herzberger See ) to south ( Drobschsee ) into the Krumme Spree . Its length, including the lakes through which it flows, is 13.7 kilometers.

In the summer months it falls dry in places. The Elbe river basin community rates its ecological condition as "unsatisfactory". Partly straightened and piped for road underpasses, the Blabbergraben is to be dismantled as naturally as possible as part of the "Water Development Concept (GEK) Krumme Spree" according to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The moat passes through several protected areas . The Drobschseerinne in the lower reaches is designated as a nature development area.

The most striking building in its course is the Lindenberg Viaduct , a monument that leads the single- track Königs Wusterhausen – Grunow branch line over the approximately 100 meters wide and 25 meters deep Glienicker Gorge. To the north of Drobschsee , the stream passes the Räuberberg ground monument with remains of the ramparts of a German aristocratic castle from the 12th / 13th centuries. Century. Today a trickle , it drove at least three water mills . Named the digging for the ablated is Blabbermühle , whose name is onomatopoeic refers to the sound of the working mill ( Low German for babble ) and its terrain is equally as ground monument. The writer Günter de Bruyn , who has lived in the former Blabberschäferei next to the Blabbermühle since 1969 , took the lonely, unsettled region of the Blabbergraben away in his 2006 work . Declaration of love to a landscape set a literary-documentary monument.

Geology, geography and climate

Low on the Beeskower Platte

The Blabbergraben is located in the southwest of the Beeskower Platte , which is listed in the main natural units of Germany as No. 824 in the main unit group No. 82 East Brandenburg Heath and Lake Area . In the underground of the plateau outweigh saaleeiszeitliche ground moraine , the large scale of flat wave Endmoränenbildungen the last ice age are superimposed. The mean height of the plateau varies between 60 and 75 m above sea level. NN , the adjacent lowlands are at a height of about 38 to 45 meters. The cultural landscape of the plateau is characterized by wide arable land .

The 13.7 kilometer long trench connects and drains five elongated lakes in a glacial channel that has cut into the plate and is partially filled with post-glacial sediments , from north to south into the Krumme Spree between Werder and Kossenblatt . In this area, the Spree flows from west to east in the Brieschter valley, which separates the Beeskower Platte from the Lieberoser Platte / Leuthener Sandplatte to the south . Due to the strongly meandering course, the part of the Spree between Neuendorfer See and Schwielochsee / Glower See is known as the "Krumme Spree".

Municipalities and districts

The Blabbergraben flows from north to south through the municipalities of Rietz-Neuendorf and Tauche . In large parts of its course it forms the border river between these municipalities and between districts within the municipalities, in the lower reaches the border river between the city of Storkow and Tauche. In detail, it passes through the demarcations of the following locations (a) and forms the boundary to (b) - under (c), necessary brief explanations follow; the sections have been chosen arbitrarily for the purpose of delimitation and do not correspond to any official classifications:

  • First section: a) in the west of Herzberg (Rietz-Neuendorf); b) in the area of ​​the Herzberger See and south of the lake border to Glienicke (Rietz-Neuendorf).
  • Second section: a) in the east of Glienicke and in the west of Lindenberg (Tauche); c) the border changes the side of the stream here several times. North of the Lindenberger See and in the area of ​​the lake exclusively in the Lindenberg area.
Complete course of the brook in the Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87. The source stream north of the (unmarked) Herzberger See has largely drained away today. The southern part of Drobschsee has dried up. The neighboring lake to the west, also wrongly called Drobschsee, is the Schwenowsee .
  • Third section, from the middle of the Lindenberger See: a) in the west of Lindenberg; b) Border to Ahrensdorf (Rietz-Neuendorf).
  • Fourth section: a) in the east of Ahrensdorf; b) border with Lindenberg; c) in the area of ​​the Ahrensdorfer See the border changes the side of the ditch again.
  • Fifth section, from the southern end of the Ahrensdorfer See: a) in the west of Görsdorf (Tauche), in parts in the Görsdorf residential area Premsdorf ; b) border with Ahrensdorf; c) From the middle of the Premsdorfer See , the ditch loses its border properties for a longer section, as the Görsdorf district extends here over its west bank.
  • Sixth section, from Blabbermühle : a) in the west of Görsdorf; b) Border to Schwenow (part of the municipality Limsdorf , part of the city of Storkow).
  • Seventh section, from the southern end of Drobschsee to the mouth: a) in the west of Görsdorf; b) Border (slightly west of the trench) to Werder (Tauche).

course

f1Georeferencing Map with all the coordinates of the settlements and desolations on the bank and the lakes through which it flows: OSM | WikiMap

The village centers are away from the stream, the Görsdorfer Kern, for example, around 1.5 kilometers to the east. Apart from three places to live on its banks and a forest hotel on Lake Herzberger See, the immediate vicinity of the Blabbergraben is almost free of settlements, has few visitors and is quiet. "Since the mills, as we knew from experience, had probably become ruins in the meantime, the only thing worth seeing in the area seemed to be the absence of people and culture" noted Günter de Bruyn about his first encounter with the brook in 1968.

Source area Herzberger See

According to the topographic map of the state surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg , an approximately 300 meter long inflow of the Herzberger See ⊙ forms the source stream of the Blabbergraben. Its source is located in a hilly forest area northeast of the heart of the Herzberg village next to a farm at the end of the Am See road . The Quellbach flows to the east bank of the Herzberger See, into which it flows just below its northern tip. The water level of the lake is 66.1  m above sea level. NHN . As the adjacent Schmettausche map series shows, the source of the brook in 1767/1787 lay north of the lake - roughly on today's state road 42  - in a hilly area around 85 meters high. The old source stream was around one kilometer long and flowed directly into the north bank. Today it is only rudimentary and seeps away around 550 meters from the north bank.

After passing the 1.22 kilometer long, largely wooded Herzberger See, the ditch emerges at its southern end. In order to stabilize the ecosystem of the increasingly muddy lake, a new regulatory structure was built in 2011 as part of the lake rehabilitation project . The weir is intended to hold back excess water resulting from precipitation in the winter months in the lake basin as long as possible. Shortly after the lake, the brook passes under the federal highway 246 , which connects Herzberg ⊙ and Glienicke ⊙ with Storkow and Beeskow .

Upper course

Blabbergraben, Glienicker Grund and Lindenberger Viaduct around 1910

Lined by a strip of forest, the stream flows south and after about one kilometer in an open meadow area, it passes under the Lindenberg Viaduct, which was built in 1898 and is a listed building . ⊙ The approximately 95-meter-long, four-arched bridge leads the single- track Königs Wusterhausen – Grunow branch line over the Glienicker Gorge. The depression, also known as Glienicker Grund, was cut into the Beeskower Platte by the glacial channel in a width of around 100 meters and up to 25 meters deep.

The brook meanders through the increasingly marshy ground further south and reaches the 790-meter-long Lindenberger See eten , which is completely wooded all around and, in addition to the Blabbergraben, is fed by a 2.2-kilometer-long, nameless river that is 90 meters high rises northeast of the Lindenberg Castle Park . At the southern end of the lake, the Blabbergraben flows through the site of the Grundmühle ⊙ , which was dismantled in 1927 , the remaining buildings of which are known as the Grundmühle as Lindenberg's residential area ( see below ). Immediately after the former water mill , state road 42 bridges the stream, which leads south to Ahrensdorf and north-east to Lindenberg.

Middle course

The trench section between the Premsdorfer See and Drobschsee with Blabbermühle , Blabberschäferei and Räuberberg in the Prussian first recording from 1846
Pool with quarry forest at the Blabberschäferei

The brook enters the Dahme-Heideseen nature park on the road . Between an edge of a forest in the west and open land in the east it flows to the 920-meter Ahrens Dorfer See ⊙ which, like almost immediately following 1.33 km long lake Premsdorfer ⊙ completely from a richly textured mixed forest is surrounded. One of the main regional hiking trails leads across the stream between the lakes . After leaving the Premsdorfer See, which is almost 60 meters high, the stream turns to the southwest and crosses under the state road 422 , which connects Ahrensdorf with Görsdorf and connects the central brook region to the federal highway 246 in Beeskow or Wendisch Rietz .

In the Prussian first recording from 1846, the Drobschsee extends to the Spree. It ends today on the same level as the south bank of the neighboring Schwenowsee . The remaining, silted up part is traversed by the Blabbergraben and belongs to the Drobschseerinne natural development area in the NSG Schwenower Forest .

In the following section, the Blabbergraben flows through a light forest area, in which its sharp relief energy temporarily recedes in favor of a hilly terrain. After about 1.9 kilometers, the stream meets the site of the former Blabbermühle at a height of 54 meters . ⊙ The site is designated as a ground monument , the mill buildings have been completely demolished. After another 200 meters, he reaches the Blabberschäferei ⊙ , Günter de Bruyn's residence.

Due to its particularly low gradient in this section, the stream leaves pools and swampy areas in the area of ​​the mill and sheep farm, even in the summer months when it dries up. To the east of the blabber sheep farm, for example, there is a small lake in the middle of a break forest . In the mill area, the ditch channel narrows the most and then widens to Drobschsee to an extensive meadow area. The rich flora and fauna of these formerly swampy meadows has disappeared because the ditch here was deepened and straightened around 1980, so that the areas are now often dry in summer. Around 900 meters north of Drobschsee, the Blabbergraben flows around a 58.1 meter high valley sand island with the ground monument Räuberberg ⊙ ( see below ).

Lower reaches at Drobschsee and estuary area

Shortly before entering the Drobschsee ⊙ , the Blabbergraben flows around 250 meters west of the Drobsch ⊙ residential area in Görsdorf , where the Drobschmühle was probably located ( see below ). The southernmost body of water of the five-part Graben-Seenkette is now 1.2 kilometers long and ends level with the southern tip of the neighboring Schwenowsee to the west . The Drobschsee, which was largely silted up and continued to silt up, was twice as long in the Prussian first recording from 1846 and reached as far as the Krummen Spee . In the marshy channel of the former part of the lake, the Drobschseerinne natural development area , the Blabbergraben flows further south after it exits the lake and flows 1.2 kilometers between Werder and Kossenblatt at a height of 41 meters above sea level. NN. into an old arm of the Krumme Spree.

In the Drobschsee, the Blabbergraben has previously taken up the runoff of the Schwenowseegraben . The 7.92 kilometer long Schwenowseegraben rises east of Behrensdorf , a district of Rietz-Neuendorf, and flows parallel to the Blabbergraben from north to south into the Schwenowsee. On the lower eastern bank it emerges from the Schwenowsee again and leads its water to the Drobschsee on a last section, around 280 meters long. In its upper part, the Schwenowseegraben lies dry in parts.

climate

The area of ​​the Blabbergraben is large in the transition area between the oceanic climate in Western Europe and the continental climate in the east. On a small scale, high drought with pre-summer drought are characteristic. For the northwestern town of Marienhöhe , for example, an annual rainfall of 350 mm was given for 1996 . For the nearby Beeskow weather station, the German Weather Service recorded an average of 519 mm of precipitation for the period 1961 to 1990. This result falls into the lower tenth of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​were only registered at 5% of the weather service's measuring stations.

For Lindenberg, located on the upper reaches of the Blabbergraben, the German Meteorological Service gives an annual mean temperature of 8.8 ° C for the period 1906/07 to 2013 (9.4 ° C for the thirty years 1984 to 2013), an average annual rainfall of 557, 8 mm and the following climate values :

  • Temperature: highest 38.5 ° C on July 11, 1959 and August 9, 1992; lowest -28 ° C on February 11, 1929
  • Warmest month: 24.3 ° C July 2006; Coldest month: -12.1 ° C February 1929
  • Warmest year: 10.5 ° C 2007; Coldest year: 6.4 ° C 1940
  • Total annual precipitation: greatest 791.8 mm 2010; smallest 344.2 mm 1911
  • The sunniest month: 365.4 hours July 2006; Month with the least sunshine: 6.6 hours in December 1913.

Hydrology

Hydrogeology

To the west of the Blabbergraben lies the Scharmützelsee- Glubigseen-Rinne, whose meltwater originally flowed southwards towards the Glogau-Baruther Urstromtal / Spreewald like that of the Blabbergrabenrinne , but its direction of flow reversed to the north to the Berlin glacial valley after the Ice Age . The hydrological and hydrogeological demarcation between the two water systems is unclear and is being investigated as part of the LITFASS project. The long-term study LITFASS ( L indenberg I nhomogenous T errain- F luxes between A tmosphere and S urface - a long term S tudy) is a pilot project of the German Weather Service at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg and "serves to average the area of ​​the rivers between atmosphere and substrate" of the BALTEX program (Baltic Sea Experiment, BALTEX for short, is a program for researching the water cycle in the catchment area of the Baltic Sea ).

Groundwater divide and catchment area

View over the Blabbergrabenrinne north of Drobschsee from west ( Schwenow ) to east ( Görsdorf )

The 20 × 20 km² LITFASS study area at the Blabbergraben is not located in the catchment area of ​​the Baltic Sea, but is intended to provide essential aspects for the BALTEX field experiment. Studies between 1995 and 1998 on the hydrological and hydrogeological characterization of the LITFASS area indicate that there is an underground watershed (groundwater divide) between the Blabbergraben and the Grubenmühlenfließ (also known as the Melangfließ, part of the Glubigseen channel between Springsee and Melangsee ) . The evaluation of the Hydroisohypsenplan from 1991 showed for the Blabbergraben with 53 km² a larger surface than underground (39 km²) catchment area . Additional measuring points will be set up as part of the project for a more precise survey . Water level measurements between spring 1995 and summer 1996 also showed that the middle course of the Blabbergraben was mostly dry ; In 1997 and 1998 the middle section was permanently dry. In addition to some forest fringes and forests on the edge of the ditch, the catchment area of ​​the Blabbergraben is largely characterized by agricultural land .

Inflows, outflows and hydraulic engineering reference variables of the floods

In addition to the groundwater , especially from the lakes through which it flows, the Blabbergraben is mainly fed by rainwater . No information is available about any feeds from the two feeding trenches, which are at least partially dry, the nameless trench from the direction of Lindenberg and the Schwenowseegraben. The discharge from the Blabbergraben to the Krummen Spree was in the 2010s at the mouth of the river :

The brook at the Blabberschäferei in September 2014
  • MNQ (mean low water discharge): 6 l / s (liters per second)
  • MQ (mean discharge): 160 l / s.

The mean discharge of 160 l / s is within the scope of comparable Brandenburg streams. The discharge of the Stobberbach is, for example, 170 l / s. Larger tributaries such as the Löcknitz , on the other hand, feed ten times the amount of water (1700 l / s) into the Spree. The hydraulic engineering reference values ​​of the floods are given as runoff with a certain probability of recurrence (in years: annuality) for the Blabbergraben as follows:

  • HQ2 (small flood; statistically expected biannually flood): 780 l / s
  • HQ10 (mean flood; statistically expected 10-year flood): 1100 l / s
  • HQ50 (large flood; statistically expected 50-year flood): 1460 l / s
  • HQ100 (very large flood; statistically expected 100-year flood): 1630 l / s.

ecology

Anthropogenic pressures and ecological status

According to the Elbe River Basin Community (FGG Elbe), there are significant anthropogenic sources of pollution for the Blabbergraben in agricultural activities (through infiltration , erosion , drainage, drainage , changes in management or afforestation ), leaching of materials and structures in areas without sewers , rainwater relief and others - unspecified - "diffuse sources". The FGG rates the ecological status or the ecological potential of the water body as “unsatisfactory” (“4” on a five-point scale). The chemical status according to the Surface Water Ordinance (OGewV) has not been classified. The FGG indicates the determination reliability of the ecological assessment as "medium", which means that the "assessment results are not yet available for all procedures for the relevant quality components that are in conformity with the WFD and recognized by LAWA ." See the impact of the pollution on the water body the FGG in nutrient enrichment ( eutrophication ), pollution and habitat changes due to hydromorphological changes.

Water from the creek at the Blabbermühle in September 2014

For the Blabbergraben - as for other bodies of water in its area of ​​responsibility - the FGG adopted the exception rule for extension of deadlines according to Art. 4 Para. 4 WFD or less stringent environmental goals according to Art. 4 in the "Draft of the update of the management plan [...]" from 2014 Paragraph 5 of the WFD. The FGG justifies the application for the Blabbergraben with the "mandatory technical sequence of measures" and with the "temporal effect of measures already initiated or planned". The regional community, which was founded by ten German states , wants to complete the full implementation of the WFD targets by reducing the pollution of the brook by 2027 at the latest if the deadline is extended.

In a study of the sensitive flowing waters in Brandenburg, Rolf Scharf and Dietrich Braasch measured the 3.5 kilometer long stretch of stream between the Premsdorfer See and the Drobschsee, which was partially deepened and straightened around 1980, on a scale from one (highest protection value) to five to the protection level “five plus”. Protection level five includes / defines “flowing waters with limited protection value; the biotope type is often to very often […]; there are only a few, non-endangered rheotypic species; the flowing water is in a critical load condition and / or the flow velocity is minimal ”. Rheotypical organisms such as mayflies are an indicator of a good ecological status (see residual water volume ). In order to achieve a more natural state, Scharf / Braasch encourage shading the open, straightened stretches between the two lakes with one-sided alder trees.

Part of the Krumme Spree water development concept

The "Water Development Concept (GEK) Krumme Spree" is an essential part of improving the ecological condition of the stream. On an area of ​​26,924 hectares, it encompasses  a 99.5-kilometer network of waterways , consisting of the Krumme Spree, three lakes ( Groß Leuthener See , Kossenblatter See , Neuendorfer See ) and seven ditches and streams flowing into the Spree, including the Blabber and the Schwenowseegraben. The concept for the near-natural development of rivers provides within the framework of the WFD that the water “become cleaner, closer to nature and more species-rich again. [...] The focus of the planning is on measures to improve the water structure and ecological continuity. ”The concept emphasizes their ecological quality as a decisive criterion when assessing the water bodies . The limnological concept is being developed by private planning offices on behalf of the Brandenburg State Environment Agency and accompanied and coordinated by the Cottbus Division RS5 - Water Management , Hydrology , Flood Protection. A project-accompanying working group (PAG) made up of offices, municipalities and associations is also involved in the development. To restore the ecological continuity of the Blabbergraben, the concept includes the following measures:

  • Adapted, modified river maintenance: course structuring, raising of the river bed in the area of ​​the Lindenberg Viaduct
  • Dismantling of a pipe culvert south of the Lindenberg Viaduct
  • Dismantling of the piping in the area of ​​the basic mill
  • Removal of the traffic jam with the construction of a slideway at the north entrance to Ahrensdorfer See
  • Otter-continuous design of the connection between the Ahrensdorfer and Premsdorfer lakes.

An engineering office involved emphasizes the following target criteria for ecological continuity: fish migration, migration of invertebrates , flow continuity and substrate continuity (longitudinal and lateral connectivity in the biotope network ).

FFH, nature and landscape protection areas

Eastern slope of the Blabbergraben- / Drobschseerinne between the Drobschsee and the Spree

The source stream of the Blabbergraben, the Ahrensdorfer See and the part of the grave up to the federal highway 246 are part of the landscape protection area "Scharmützelseegebiet". The Protected Areas Ordinance of June 11, 2002 provides, among other things, the protective purpose of maintaining, developing or restoring the functionality of the water balance , in particular of the spring , standing and flowing waters and their bank areas. From the state road 42 on the south bank of the Lindenberger See to the mouth, the brook belongs to the Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park and the "Dahme-Heideseen" nature reserve . The aim of the protection is, among other things, the preservation of a "typical section of the southern young moraine landscape within the East Brandenburg heath and lake area with its mosaic of lakes, flowing waters, moors, valley sand plains, dunes, hills of the terminal and ground moraines as well as the extensive forest areas."

From the Blabbermühle to the mouth, the protection category of the trench is further increased. In this section, its course is included in the nature reserve "Schwenower Forst" and the FFH area of ​​the same name . Within the nature reserve, the Drobschseerinne is designated as a nature development area (formerly: total reserve ) and is marked separately as zone 1. The 39 hectare area, which is outside of direct human influence, includes the southern part of the Drobschsee and the muddy Blabbergraben channel up to the mouth. The habitats and communities in the reserve should be left to develop naturally over the long term. In particular, the maintenance of the natural water and vegetation dynamics with their silting stages should be ensured.

At the mouth of the Blabbergraben, the Schwenower Forest nature reserve merges seamlessly with the “Krumme Spree” landscape protection area and the “Spree” FFH area, which the Krummen Spree floodplain in the coherent European ecological network Natura 2000 with its “typical habitats” is “significant” nationwide Rivers with an excellent connection and spreading function for otters , beavers and numerous fish species ”protects.

Flora and fauna

In the 1920s, Günter de Bruyn writes, you could still catch fish by hand in the Blabbergraben. Roach and pike swam in the then water-rich river . In the 2010s the fish fauna was limited to the lakes and the Drobschseerinne.

Plants and plant communities

Water lily carpet on the Herzberger See

Pine trees dominate the forests on the Graben . The mixed forests in the middle lake areas are interspersed with alder , birch and oak , robinia , Douglas fir , hornbeam , larch and spruce . The near-natural bank areas of the lakes have extensive stocks of reed beds in places . Water lily carpets take up large parts of some lake areas. Alders and hazelnut bushes flank the stream in the middle valley. From the Räuberberg, which is surrounded by meadows, two extensive color carpets with sky-blue petals of the spring commemoration shine in spring . Meadow primroses and wood anemones also grow on the floor of the valley sand island . From the family of grasses which forms Brachypodium sylvaticum dense clumps .

The river silting complex of the Drobschseerinne is characterized by alder, moorland, quarry forests and moist tall herbaceous vegetation. The lime-loving deciduous forest flora is represented by species such as crested quail wheat , low salsify , scale root , meadow primrose and yellow anemone . In addition, the sand tragacanth , swallowwort , blood-red cranesbill , the “endangered” spiked blue loosestrife , the “endangered” fragrant scabies , pear-leaved skullcap and the “endangered” scented Mariengrass thrive in Germany's red list of endangered species . The formerly abundant occurrences of the liverwort , which was "specially protected" in accordance with the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) in Germany on the slopes of Drobschsee and Schwenowsee, could no longer be detected in 2013. In Drobschsee there are stocks of the very rare water nut . The aquatic plant of 2011 is listed in the Red List of Endangered Species throughout Germany as "critically endangered" and in Brandenburg as "critically endangered". As of 2015, no information is available on the biocenosis of the ditch itself.

Animals

Fish, amphibians, dragonflies and birds

The main fish species of carrying lakes include pike , perch , tench , carp , silver carp , bighead carp , grass carp , bream , roach (roach), rudd and catfish . In the Ahrensdorfer, Premsdofer and Drobschsee lakes , pikeperch and eels are also found, according to the Brandenburg Red List . Four lakes are complete, the Drobschsee in the northern part is designated as a fishing water . Due to the no longer existing fish passage, which according to the water development concept and Natura 2000 management plan is to be at least partially restored, the fish can only get into parts of the Blabbergraben during periods of high water flow. In the adjoining part of the Spree, wolffish have been found that are classified as "endangered" in the Brandenburg Red List. It is possible that the fish, which prefers slowly flowing streams, rivers and stagnant waters with clear, oxygen-rich water, will reach the southern Blabbergraben part of the Drobschseerinne. Among the amphibians , the profile for the FFH area Schwenower Forst emphasizes “representative regional focus areas of crested newt and red-bellied toad ”. Both species are "strictly protected" according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), the fire-bellied toad in Brandenburg "threatened with extinction". The dragonfly fauna is represented in the area of ​​the Spreeaue / the southern moat area, among other things with the Asian wedge damsel . The dragonfly from the family of gomphidae is according to the European Habitats Directive and according to the German Federal Nature Conservation Act "strictly protected". In the FFH area complex, water-bound bird species such as snipe , osprey and sea ​​eagle , crane and the bittern "threatened with extinction" according to the Red List breed . In search of prey, gray herons stalk through the shallow water with bowed heads and crooked necks, even in the middle Blabbergraben area such as at Ahrensdorfer See.

Mammals

Otter

Deer , wild boars and red foxes are native to the forests along the entire course of the stream . There are also various species from the bats group and from the shrew , real mice and voles families . The otters are an outstanding protection goal of the FFH and NSG areas on the southern Blabbergraben . The 1999 animal “threatened with extinction” in Brandenburg is constantly present again in Drobschsee, Schwenowsee and Drobschseerinne. The otter-continuous design of the connection between the Premsdorfer and Ahrensdorfer lakes, which is provided for in the Krumme Spree water development concept, shows that the marten, which has been adapted to aquatic life, migrates upstream to the middle part of the Blabbergraben.

An area of ​​the "strictly protected" beaver stretches along the Spree from Werder to the weir in Kossenblatt and, in addition to the main course, includes two oxbow lakes of the Spree and probably the southern Blabbergraben or Drobschseerinne. According to the Natura 2000 management plan in the state of Brandenburg , no beaver den was found, but it is suspected “due to the density of feeding marks […] at the confluence of the Schwenowsee runoff.” If the unclear statement “confluence of the Schwenowsee runoff” was interpreted literally, it would be trade the mouth of the Schwenowseegraben in the Drobschsee, since the Schwenowsee has only one drain. Probably the confluence of the Schwenowsee outflow, i.e. the Blabbergraben, in the Spreealtarm is meant. In any case, the beaver den is located in or close to the inaccessible nature development area of ​​the Drobschseerinne. The rodent is the autochthonous Elbe beaver, which was reintroduced from the Elbe population in the region between 1984 and 1989. Since almost a third of the current total population of the Elbe beaver lives in Brandenburg with around 1700 Elbe beavers (as of 2002), the beaver populations in the Krumme Spree area complex are of national importance according to management planning.

history

Historical descriptions

First mention and naming

The name Blabber is first documented in 1657 in the baptism, death and marriage records of the parish of Wulfersdorf . On the occasion of a baptism on February 1, 1657, a godfather from "the sheep farm at the Blabbermühle" is mentioned. In the following years, too, “residents of Blabber as baptized children, parents or godparents”, for example “Georg der Blabbermüller” or “the old shepherdess from Blabber” appear regularly in this baptismal register. The brook itself was first written as Blabber-Graben in 1745 in the Prussian general designation and description of all bodies of water that are located in the Chur Mark and incorporated lands and or that touch the same, as rivers, tides, lücher, brooks, canals, ditches, lakes , Puddles, ponds etc. […] mentioned. Nothing is known about any previous names or the designation in the Slavic period.

What is certain is that the name was transferred from the mill to the moat. In 1775, the geographer Anton Friedrich Büsching cited the spelling Plapper-Schäferey in the Complete Topography of the Mark Brandenburg , which refers to the etymology of the name Blabber . The name contains the Brandenburg verb "blabbern" "babble a lot and thoughtless talk" for which is onomatopoeic refers to that caused by the mill noise; compare the phrase "She has a mouth like a chatterbox", that is, "she talks on and on."

Borgstede 1788 and Berghaus 1855

In his statistical-topographical description of the Kurmark Brandenburg from 1788 August Heinrich von Borgstede described the brook as follows:

“Blabbergraben, in the Bees and Storkow circles. A small river ¼ mile long, which the Blabbermühle, not far from Beeskow's district village Görsdorf, drives, and through which the water from the Herzberg, Lindenberg, Ahrensdorf and Premsdorff lakes falls into the Trobsch and then into the Spree. Is not floatable. "

- August Heinrich von Borgstede: Statistical-topographical description of the Kurmark Brandenburg. 1788, p. 115

With "the Trobsch" Borgstede meant the Drobschsee. Its length of only ¼ mile (¼ Prussian mile = around 1.9 kilometers) referred to the section of the stream near Görsdorf and did not include the lakes, which were much more extensive at the time. In 1791 the geographer Anton Friedrich Büsching mentioned the creek under Cossenblatt with the entry: “It is also called the Trobsch lake, and gets its water from the Blabbergraben [...]. Its length is about ¼ mile, but it is narrow. ”Büsching related the quarter mile to the length of Drobschsee, which roughly corresponded to the length of the lake at that time. The Prussian first recording of 1846 recorded the flow as Blabber-Gr. The geodesist and cartographer Heinrich Berghaus dedicated a separate section to the Blabbergraben in 1855 in the three-volume land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgraftum Niederlausitz , in which he wrote:

“The Blabbergraben is the name of a river in the Beeskow-Storkow circle, which drives the Grundmühle at the southern end of the Lindenberger See and the Blabbermühle not far from the Beeskow official village of Görsdorf, and through which the water from the Herzberg, Lindenberg, Ahrensdorf and Premsdorff lakes into the Trobsch, with which the Schwenow lake unites, and falls from the Trobsch into the Spree above the Cossenblatter lock. The reason in which this draft of NNE. after SSW. runs, is almost two miles long and forms a remarkable incision in the plateau floor of which the eastern half of the Beeskow-Storkow district, the former Beeskow lordship, consists. [...] Neither the Blabberfließ nor the Cossenblattsche See is flooded. "

- Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgraftum Niederlausitz , Volume 2, 1855, p. 107f.

Settlement history

Archaeological finds and the soil monuments of the municipality of Tauche and soil monuments of the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf indicate an early, prehistoric settlement of the region. From the Stone Age ( Paleolithic , Mesolithic and Neolithic ) and from the Bronze Age settlements or resting places and workplaces have been identified. In nearby Briescht , reindeer hunters left behind a silex inventory (cf. Silex and inventory ) from the last cold phase in the Younger Dryas period (around 10,000 BC ), which is attributed to the Ahrensburg culture . The sparse Germanic settlement of the East Brandenburg lake and heather area did not take place until the older Roman Empire towards the end of the 2nd century AD. It is associated with the Burgundians and the Przeworsk culture . Two of the few spätkaiserzeitlich- Migration period settlements were at Briescht and Wolzig discovered. From the 4th century the Germanic settlers migrated from the area, from the 7th century Slavic settlers moved in.

Valley sand island of the Räuberbergs in the valley of the Blabbergraben

In the 12th century the area was during the Ostsiedlung from the Wettin settled out and was part of the later rule Beeskow in Markgrafschaft Lausitz . Storkow , located on the northern border of Lusatia and the center of the neighboring Storkow rule , was first mentioned in 1209, and Storkow Castle was probably built around 1150. For the Wettin sovereigns, Storkow and the region were of great strategic importance in integrating the area into the Holy Roman Empire and in securing the borders. Among the villages in the catchment area of ​​the Blabbergraben, the Kossenblatt, first recorded in 1208, is the oldest. Herzberg was first mentioned in 1432, Glienicke 1421, Görsdorf 1443, Premsdorf 1460, Limsdorf 1393, Lindenberg 1284, Schwenow 1490 and Werder 1376, which belong to Görsdorf.

North of Drobschsee in the valley of the brook rises the 58.1 meter high ground monument Räuberberg , a castle or fortification carved out of a natural hill from the first two centuries of the German East Settlement with the remains of a castle wall . Earlier assumptions that it was a Slavic system have not been confirmed. As far as the Adelsburg actually goes back to the 12th century, it would be one of the oldest German fortifications from the period of the eastern settlement in the region. In addition to the watermills, it is the only known evidence of settlement on the banks of the Blabbergraben.

Watermills

In addition to the three watermills listed below, the Blabbergraben may have powered at least one other mill. In the course of the first mention of Premsdorf (Permßdorff, Prenißdorf) in 1460, the historical local lexicon (HOL) records “village and mill.” This mill is not mentioned in any other documents. The small Breitgassendorf Premsdorf is managed as another residential area of ​​the Tauche community and is located in the Görsdorf district at the southern end of the Premsdorfer See. If the mill registered in 1460 was a water mill, it could have been located at the southern exit of the Blabbergraben from the lake.

Basic mill

Area of ​​the former Grundmühle, July 2014
The ruins of the Blabbermühle around 1980, which have since been demolished

The establishment of the former Grundmühle is located at the exit of the ditch south of Lake Lindenberg on Landesstraße 42 and, like the lake, belongs to the district of Lindenberg. The property is still inhabited and named as the Grundmühle on maps. The determinative ground in the name refers to the bottom of the floor / ground and landscape means an "in the valley located mill".

As early as 1553, a nameless mill was recorded on Lindenberger See, which was recorded in 1603 as lost and in 1629 as demolished. In 1682 the mill was rebuilt. In 1745 it is documented in one corridor . In 1801 the first name was Lindenbergsche Mühle , then in 1820 as Grundmühle, under which it was also included in the original measurement table sheet of the Prussian map in 1846 . In 1818 the mill had seven residents and had two fireplaces, in 1858 it had a residential building and a farm building with eight residents. Seven residents are given for 1925. In 1927 the mill was dismantled. In 1931 and 1957, the remaining buildings were run under the name Grundmühle as Lindenberg's residential area.

Blabbermühle

The ground monument Blabbermühle is located between the Premsdorfer See and Drobschsee at a height of around 54 meters on the western edge of the Görsdorf district ; the Görsdorf village center is around 1.5 kilometers to the east. The neighboring and inhabited former Blabberschäferei about 200 meters downstream forms the Görsdorf residential area Blabber. The watermill, first mentioned in 1518, is documented in 1858 as a grain, cutting and oil mill with two residential and three farm buildings and 20 residents. The mill operation was stopped in the 1920s. After the last owners used the property for agricultural purposes until around 1952 and then left, the buildings were completely demolished in the 2000s.

Drobschmühle

The Drobschmühle was probably north of the Drobschsee lake that gave it its name, on which the Drobsch residential area in Görsdorf still exists. The only written mention of the mill (as Drobschmole ) comes from a feudal letter from 1376. After that, according to Günter de Bruyns, it "sank into the darkness of history".

The von Strele , Lords of Beeskow and Storkow, had issued the feudal letter for the Knights of Queiß . After that, the Queiß brothers were enfeoffed with the villages of Schauen , Dahmsdorf , Wendisch-Rietz and Werder along with Drobschmühle and with elevations in the village of Krausnick . This information in the Brandenburg Name Book and Historical Local Lexicon (HOL) is based on Rudolf Hermsdorf's chronicle from 1934 Between Dolgen and Scharmützel , in which Hermsdorf reproduces the document from August 19, 1376 in full. It says:

“Ouch leyen wyr en that village zcu Werdir [Werder] with all graces and with all rights ouch leyen wyr ene see and the meadows themselves on our heath. Ouch we ley the named drobschmole and also before the service in the village of Krusenigk [Krausnick] 15  malter , half grain and half oats, 38 ½ groschen interest, 15 chickens, 15 Swilken flax [...]. "

- Loan of August 19, 1376

According to the historical local lexicon, the historian Rudolf Lehmann cites the Drobschmühle as “mill north of Werder” - also referring to this, or at least a similar document from 1376.

The blabbergraben in literature - de Bruyns offside

The writer Günter de Bruyn , who has lived in the former Blabberschäferei since 1969, put the Blabbergraben and its surroundings in the work Abseits. Declaration of love to a landscape a literary-documentary monument. The book was published in 2006 by Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag . Very similar to Theodor Fontane's walks through the Mark Brandenburg region, de Bruyn combines meticulously researched reproductions of historical documents such as church registers or diaries with literarily expressive descriptions. The pictorial language is evident, for example, when he depicts the "awakening" of the Blabbergraben after a dry summer, its solidification in winter and its resurgence in spring:

Former sheepfold area in 2014, de Bruyns residence

“The sand refuses to absorb the moisture. As if it were covered by a layer of oil, it lets the water run off the slopes, so that when there are heavy showers the paths become small brooks that create funny arches around embedded field stones, allow themselves to be dammed by root barriers, and then hurry on more lively, the close dry ditches already overgrown by grass and herbs. It will be weeks before the first puddles form in it, slowly unite and [...] start moving towards Drobschsee and Spree. Frost will then freeze the water again. The first ice crystals will form on the branches of the hazel bushes [...]. Wild boars and deer will use the barely recognizable bed of the ditch as a game trail until the great time of the seventh left tributary of the Spree begins in March with the sun's rays getting stronger again. Then the body of water […] will earn its onomatopoeic name again on mild spring nights by bubbling over the flat bridge made of old railway sleepers in tones that now sound like bells, now like children's chatter. "

- Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape. 2006, p. 178 f.

The literary critic Andreas Isenschmid characterizes the style as “well-tempered honesty”, which makes the author “so convincing” when he elicits innumerable nuances from the supposed monotony. According to Christian Mariotte, on the other hand, who ironically rewrites his review as 'offside' from literature , the "infinitely long descriptions have become an end in themselves." that Neuendorfer See used to be called 'Prahm- or Brahm-See'? "Have you accepted the fact that the intensity of what is described is subject to great fluctuations and that the lack of people, stimuli and noises can also be a pleasure, The question arises as to whether this calm and beautiful book is located within or apart from literature. The author makes it too easy for himself to quote from a church chronicle for seventeen pages. Those who get involved in the reading will be amply rewarded, for example when de Bruyn evaluates handwritten certificates in a simple, unpretentious way. Basically, however, “reading this book is like spending an afternoon in a dusty local history museum. [...] In general, you are happy when you step out of the local history museum into the fresh air and treat yourself to a fresh drink in the neighboring inn as a reward for your patience. "

literature

  • Günter de Bruyn : Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape. With photos by Rüdiger Südhoff. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag , Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-596-16663-3 .
  • K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski (eds.): The names of the waters of Brandenburg (= Brandenburg name book. Part 10; Berlin contributions to name research. Volume 11). Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 .
  • Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. (Management planning Natura 2000 for FFH areas 37, 58, 221, 265, 337, 651). Processing: Engineering and planning office LANGE GbR. Ed .: Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection of the State of Brandenburg (MUGV) and the Brandenburg Nature Conservation Fund Foundation. Potsdam 2014 ( PDF ).
  • Rolf Scharf, Dietrich Braasch, The Sensitive Flowing Waters of the State of Brandenburg, 5th contribution to their recording and evaluation - districts of Dahme-Spreewald and Oder-Spree, independent city of Frankfurt (Oder). In: Landesumweltamt Brandenburg (Hrsg.): Nature protection and landscape management in Brandenburg - contributions to ecology, nature and water protection. Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2000 pp. 62-72.
  • Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL) Part IX: Beeskow - Storkow (= publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 25). Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-941919-86-0 (reprint of the edition: Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachhaben, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 ).
  • Sophie Wauer: Brandenburg name book. Part 12: The place names of the Beeskow-Storkow district (= Berlin contributions to name research. Volume 13). After preliminary work by Klaus Müller. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08664-1 .

Web links

Commons : Blabbergraben  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Blabber Graben (flowing water) Water body profile surface water body of the 2nd management plan according to the Water Framework Directive (identifier DE_RW_DEBB5827138_1253)

Remarks

  1. ↑ "Area averaging " is a determination method for turbulent energy and material flows and, in meteorology, determines, for example, the averaged flow of evaporation or atmosphere, based on a base such as a water catchment area. Source: Thomas Foken: Applied Meteorology: Micrometeorological Methods. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2006 ISBN 978-3-540-38204-1 p. 180 ff. For the calculation method, see here, appendix C, p. 123 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg : Brandenburg-viewer ( Memento from September 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) (Menu - "More data" - click and select accordingly; to the district boundaries "Liegenschaftskataster") and activate "Markings" there.)
  2. ^ Landesumweltamt Brandenburg (LUGV): River directory, source data set gewnet25 Version 4.0 . As of April 25, 2014, p. 4.
  3. ^ A b c Sieghard H. Richter, Sabine Schümberg, Hans-Dieter Schreyer: Investigations over several years on the hydrological and hydrogeological characterization of the LITFASS area as a preliminary to a complex experiment within the framework of BALTEX . In Annalen der Meteorologie 37 1998 ISSN  0072-4122 (= German Meteorological Conference from September 14 to 18, 1998 in Leipzig ) ISBN 978-3-88148-342-1 , pp. 273 f.
  4. ↑ [1]
  5. ↑ Olaf Juschus: The young moraine south of Berlin - investigations into the young Quaternary landscape development between Unterspreewald and Nuthe. S. 2. Dissertation, Humboldt University Berlin, 2001. Also in: Berliner Geographische Arbeit 95. ISBN 3-9806807-2-X , Berlin 2003. See Figure 2 Plates and glacial valleys in the young moraine south of Berlin in Chapter 1 and Chapter 4 Fig. 32 and subsections 4.3.4.3 and 4.3.4.5 .
  6. ↑ Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. P. 4.
  7. ↑ a b c Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park Management: Out and about in the Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park. Ahrensdorfer See hike. Heidesee , district of Prieros . Flyer, undated (received in 2005).
  8. ↑ Brandenburg rules System (BRAVORS): Minister of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning. Ordinance on the "Krumme Spree" nature reserve . Potsdam, December 19, 2000, amended version of January 29, 2014.
  9. ↑ a b c Quote from: Andreas Isenschmid : A man with style at Blabbergraben. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , April 3, 2005. (Webpaper).
  10. ↑ Lea Sophie Lukas: Herzberger See renovated and clean. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , June 10, 2011 (MOZ-Online).
  11. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , pp. 44, 53, 161.
  12. ^ Landesumweltamt Brandenburg (LUGV): River directory, source data set gewnet25 Version 4.0 . As of April 25, 2014, p. 42.
  13. ↑ LandLeben e. V .: Hof Marienhöhe ( Memento from December 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ German Meteorological Service: Mean precipitation levels 1961–1990 ; see values ​​for Beeskow download via DWD mean values
  15. ^ Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg / Richard-Aßmann-Observatorium : Climate Primer ( Memento from 23 September 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Ed .: Deutscher Wetterdienst . Lindenberg, 2014. See in particular the Lindenberg climate values table on the last page (after Fig. 20).
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Zwenger: The geology of the Scharmützelseegebiet. P. 52f. In: Kreiskalender Oder-Spree 2012. Ed .: Landkreis Oder-Spree, Office for Education, Culture and Sport, Beeskow, editorial deadline September 30, 2011, pp. 50–56.
  17. ^ German Weather Service: The LITFASS area ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) No date, accessed in March 2015.
  18. ↑ a b c Holger Ellmann, Ingenieurbüro Ellmann / Schulze GbR: Discussion of the principles for creating ecological continuity in small rivers using the example of GEK "Krumme Spree". ( Memento of April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Published by: Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture Brandenburg (MLUL), undated.
  19. ↑ Elbe river basin community (ed.): Draft of the update of the management plan according to § 83 WHG or Article 13 of Directive 2000/60 / EC for the German part of the Elbe river basin district for the period from 2016 to 2021. Appendix 5-2: List of Surface water bodies with information on pressures, status, effects of pressures and the achievement of management objectives. ( Memento of 2 April 2015 Internet Archive 20. () Magdeburg 2014, p For the explanatory legend to the list on this page attachments open and Annex A5-0 Legend overview and explanations select or download . NOTE: The list shows the stream in the spelling Blabber Graben .)
  20. ^ Rolf Scharf, Dietrich Braasch: The sensitive flowing waters of the state of Brandenburg,…. P. 69.
  21. ↑ Sonja Hensel, Ellen Kiel: Transferability of the simulation subject 'North German lowland river in agriculturally used areas' to mesocosms with regard to investigations into the fate and effects of substances / microorganisms on flora and fauna. Carrying out the study: Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg . Published by : Federal Environment Agency , Dessau-Roßlau 2012 ISSN  1862-4804 p. 7.
  22. ^ Rolf Scharf, Dietrich Braasch: The sensitive flowing waters of the state of Brandenburg,…. P. 71.
  23. ↑ a b Brandenburg State Environment Agency: EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Water development concept (GEK) Krumme Spree. ( Memento from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Flyer, Potsdam 2010.
  24. ↑ Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. Pp. 37-41.
  25. ↑ State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection Brandenburg, Regional Department South, Section RS 5: Interpretation of the draft of the action plan for the water development concept "Krumme Spree". ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Cottbus, March 22, 2011. In: Official Gazette of the City of Storkow (Mark). 14. Vol. 4, April 21, 2011, p. 2.
  26. ↑ a b Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN): Map service for protected areas in Germany. Dive section (scroll back and forth for the respective protected areas and select the settings in the level overview depending on the type of protected area you are looking for).
  27. ^ Minister for Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg: Ordinance on the landscape protection area "Scharmützelseegebiet". (GVBl.II / 02, No. 20, p. 454.). Potsdam, June 11, 2002.
  28. ^ Minister for Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg: Ordinance on the "Dahme-Heideseen" landscape protection area. (GVBl.II / 98, No. 19, p. 454.) Potsdam, June 11, 1998.
  29. ↑ 3850-301 Schwenower Forest.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  30. ^ Minister for Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning: Ordinance on the "Schwenower Forest" nature reserve. (GVBl.II / 04, No. 29, p. 779.) Potsdam, September 8, 2004.
  31. ↑ Minister for Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg: Ordinance on the landscape protection area "Krumme Spree". (GVBl.II / 01, No. 03, p. 30.). Potsdam, December 19, 2000.
  32. ↑ 3651-303 Spree.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  33. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , pp. 169, 179.
  34. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 49.
  35. ↑ Hans Sonnenberg: Land - stay - go. (PDF) In: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V: JahreBuch 2006 , Prieros ISSN  1869-0920 pp. 26–32. See sheet 2f in the online version.
  36. ↑ Wolfgang Klaeber: Devil's Claws under fir trees. In: Jahre Buch 2009 . Ed .: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V. and Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park (State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection Brandenburg), Prieros, p. 111 PDF .
  37. ↑ Wolfgang Klaeber: Sky-blue spring harbinger of calcareous deciduous forests. The liverwort. In: Jahre Buch 2014 . Ed .: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V. and Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park (State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection Brandenburg), Prieros, p. 75 PDF .
  38. ↑ Stephan Runge: The water nut. In: Jahre Buch 2013 . Ed .: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V. and Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park (State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection Brandenburg), Prieros, p. 68 PDF .
  39. ↑ Michael Ristow: Red list of the established vascular plants in Brandenburg (and Berlin). In: Nature conservation and landscape maintenance in Brandenburg. 15, issue 4, supplement, 2006: full text PDF. ( Memento from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  40. ^ Rolf Scharf, Dietrich Braasch: The sensitive flowing waters of the state of Brandenburg,…. P. 62.
  41. ↑ Anglermap: Premsdorfer See water profile.
  42. ↑ Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. P. 40.
  43. ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
  44. ↑ 3850-303 Schwenower Forest supplement.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  45. ↑ Klaus-Detlef Kühnel, Andreas Krone, Axel Biehler: Red list and total species list of amphibians and reptiles of Berlin. ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) As of December 2003. S5, 8. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin. (Also includes the listing for Brandenburg.)
  46. ↑ Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. Pp. 16, 260.
  47. ↑ Jürgen Klawitter, Rainer Altenkamp u. a .: Red list and total species list of mammals (Mammalia) from Berlin. (PDF; 203 kB) Processing status: December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin . P. 6. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
  48. ↑ Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. Pp. 16, 212-221.
  49. ↑ Management planning Natura 2000 in the state of Brandenburg. Pp. 201, 211.
  50. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 162.
  51. ↑ General designation and description of everyone in the Chur Mark […]. In: Specification of the villages and towns of the Kurmark from 1745. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv , Pr. Br. Rep. 2, p. 8.592, p. 216. According to: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 10. The names of the waters of Brandenburg . P. 33.
  52. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. P. 48 f.
  53. ↑ a b Brandenburg name book. Part 10. The names of the waters of Brandenburg . P. 33.
  54. ^ August Heinrich von Borgstede : Statistical-topographical description of the Kurmark Brandenburg . Volume 1, Berlin 1788, p. 115.
  55. ^ A b Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 160.
  56. ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching : Earth description . Part 8: The Upper Saxon District . Verlag (publisher) Carl Ernst Bohn, Hamburg 1791, p. 536. ( full text on google )
  57. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgraftum Niederlausitz . Volume 2, published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855, p. 107f ( Online, Google ) ( Online, ULD )
  58. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. P. 12, 16.
  59. ↑ Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL). Pp. 83, 89, 112, 137, 159, 161, 198, 244, 295.
  60. ↑ Wolfgang de Bruyn : Trademark of a region - monuments in the eastern part of the Dahme-Heideseen nature park. (PDF) In: NABU RV Dahmeland e. V: JahreBuch 2001 , Prieros, ISSN  1869-0920 pp. 49-54. See sheet 2 in the online version.
  61. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape . P. 55.
  62. ↑ Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL). P. 198.
  63. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. P. 68.
  64. ↑ Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL). Pp. 102 f, 161 f.
  65. ↑ Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL). Pp. 33 f, 90 ff.
  66. ^ Günter de Bruyn: Offside. Declaration of love to a landscape , p. 164 ff.
  67. ^ A b Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch , pp. 58, 132.
  68. ↑ Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. (HOL), p. 65.
  69. ^ Rudolf Hermsdorf: Between Dolgen and Skirmish. Chronicle of the localities of the Reichenwalde parish district. Part 1: From prehistoric times to modern times. Self-published, Storkow 1934, p. 46. - According to Hermsdorf (p. 47), the feudal letter is in the Bibersteinurkunden 1, booklet II, p. 23/4 1-c-fr 1 Schlossarchiv Friedland in Hermsdorf's time .
  70. ↑ Rudolf Lehmann : Document inventory on the history of Niederlausitz up to 1400. Böhlau, Cologne-Graz 1968 (= Central German Research, Volume 55), p. 332, no. 872. According to HOL, p. 65, 322.
  71. ↑ a b Christian Mariotte: Not of this world. Günter de Bruyn's explorations 'off the beaten track' of literature . Review at Literaturkritik.de, January 2006.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles in this version on May 31, 2015 .