Marienhöhe (Bad Saarow)

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Marienhöhe or Hof Marienhöhe is a residential area in the Bad Saarow municipality in the Oder-Spree district of Brandenburg . The former Vorwerk of the Saarow manor is located on a hill in the southern foothills of the Rauener Mountains between Kolpin and Bad Saarow-Mitte around 50 kilometers east of Berlin-Mitte .

In December 1927, the farmer Erhard Bartsch bought the farm and from 1928 tried out the biodynamic agriculture on the farm , which the anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner had designed in an agricultural course . Bartsch expanded the farm into a center of the Demeter movement . The biodynamic economy was able to hold its own for a long time during the National Socialist era and initially evaded a ban. After a visit to the farm, Darré , the President of the Reich Farmers, spoke out against the party line for Marienhöhe in 1940, a year before the Reich Association for Biological-Dynamic Farming was banned . Marienhöhe also survived the GDR period as a privately run organic farm and was one of the few farms that was not forcibly collectivized into an LPG .

Still ecologically wirtschaftend , Marie height is now considered the oldest biodynamic working farm in Germany.

Field work on the Marienhöhe farm in April 2014

Geology, natural space and climate

Slopes and forest southeast of Marienhöhe

Marienhöhe is located on the Storkower Platte around 1.5 kilometers west of the north bank of the Scharmützelsee , a typical channel lake that was created as a subglacial channel during the Brandenburger stage of the Weichselian glacial period and separates the Storkower from the Beeskower Platte . The plateau is one of the southern boundaries of the Berlin glacial valley , which predominantly consists of glacial deposits (especially clay till and sand ). In the area of ​​the Rauenschen Berge, the Vistula glacial deposits form a compression moraine from the Saale Ice Age , in which tertiary sediments such as lignite are compressed to the surface. The hill country is one of the main natural areas of Germany to the East Brandenburg Heath and Lake Area (No. 82).

The soil value on the barren surfaces of Marie height varies between 8 and 50 and is an average of 20. In order to move the bottom of the profitability . The farm lies at a height of 80 to 92 m above sea ​​level , around 50 meters above the water level of the Scharmützelsee. The area is largely located in the transition area between the oceanic climate in Western Europe and the continental climate in the east. On a small scale, high drought with pre-summer drought are characteristic. The annual amount of precipitation for Marienhöhe for 1996 was given as 350 mm. For the nearby Beeskow weather station , the German Weather Service recorded an average of 519 mm of precipitation for the period 1961 to 1990. This result already falls into the lower tenth of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​were only registered at 5% of the weather service's measuring stations.

history

Foundation as Vorwerk, naming, 1880–1918

Marienhöhe, field

The Vorwerk was established in 1880 as a sheep farm on a clearing island in the extensive pine forests on the southern edge of the Rauenschen Berge. It belonged to the manor Saarow, today's Bad Saarow residential area in the village of Saarow , which was owned by Baron Julius von Bonseri at that time. In 1905 the Vorwerk was leased and used as a beautiful view and as a toboggan hill. A year later, the farmer Pfeiffer had a villa built next to the Vorwerk. According to the Bad Saarower Ortschronik, the place was named Marienhöhe after the first name of Pfeiffer's wife Maria in 1906. According to the historical local dictionary, on the other hand, the place only got its name from the German Christian Student Association (DCSV), which bought the place around 1918 and named Gut Marienhöhe .

Georg Michaelis and DCSV, 1918–1927

The honorary chairman of the DCSV, the short-term Reich Chancellor and Prussian Prime Minister Georg Michaelis , had a training center built for students at his summer residence in Bad Saarow. The temporary buildings consisted of a wooden meeting house for 800 listeners and a former prisoner-of-war barracks. In 1921 Michaelis had the Einkehrhaus Hospiz zur Furche built and donated it to the student association for recreation and spiritual edification . To ensure the supply, the DCSV had, probably around 1918, acquired the Vorwerk, in which food production started in 1920. A third of the wasteland was below the cultivation point and the DCSV was unable to operate the production economically. Georg Michaelis therefore offered the Marienhöhe to Erhard Bartsch as an experimental farm in 1927.

Beginning of biodynamic agriculture, 1928

On behalf of a circle of friends, Bartsch took over the Marienhöhe, which encompasses around 100 hectares of land, in December 1927, and in 1928 began to try out Rudolf Steiner's advice.

Old farm building in Marienhöhe

The PhD farmer Erhard Bartsch belonged to Rudolf Steiner's close circle of friends and, together with Franz Dreidax and Almar von Wistinghausen , had prepared the cycle of lectures on the agricultural course ( humanistic basics for the prosperity of agriculture ) with Franz Dreidax and Almar von Wistinghausen , which Steiner gave at Pentecost 1924 on the Koberwitz estate south of Breslau held. The lecture series is now considered to be the hour of birth of biodynamic agriculture, which should become the most important stimulus for organic farming .

Bartsch saw it as a challenge to try out the agricultural course on barren sandy soil . Bartsch didn't just buy this land because it was cheap. At the same time, he wanted to prove that the biodynamic cultivation method produces yields even under unfavorable conditions. He was convinced that this evidence would be of great importance for agriculture. Almar von Wistinghausen (1904–1989), who was also a farmer and worked at Marienhöhe from the very beginning, was initially skeptical of his long-time companion and graduate of the Knights and Cathedral School in Reval Almar von Wistinghausen:

"Marienhöhe was on a sand hill with individual barren clay peaks, surrounded by pine trees, and it could only be warned against taking over the management of such an extreme sandy soil in the rain shadow of Berlin as a model business for the new tasks."

- Almar von Wistinghausen. Memories of the beginning of the biodynamic economy. 1982.

With consistent landscaping, the creation of windbreak hedges , the abundant use of organic materials with a special humus economy , cultivation and livestock farming, Bartsch and his helpers succeeded in realizing the idea of ​​a closed farm organism at Marienhöhe, despite the adversities .

Model yard and center of the Demeter movement, 1930s

Listed Demeter House in Lindenstrasse 8

Due to the successes, Marienhöhe developed into a model farm and center of the Demeter movement in the 1930s . The office of the association, which Erhard Bartsch also ran, was at Marienhöhe. The head office carried out public relations work, presented the biodynamic method in writings and organized conferences on topics such as composting , animal health, humus building and maintenance, the establishment of the Demeter brand and ecological silviculture . From there, farms and goods east of the Oder that had converted to the new farming method were looked after and advised.

In 1939, Princess Franziska gave lip (born Countess Schonborn -Buchheim) of the Demeter movement a representative building in today's living space Bad Saarow-Mitte (Lindenstraße 8) in 1924, designed by Max Werner as a residential and office building for employees of Saarow country house colony had been built. The Demeter had already been represented in the house with offices and a kindergarten. The building is now a listed building under the name Demeterhaus .

Marienhöhe during National Socialism and World War II (1933–1945)

Ambivalent attitude of the NSDAP to Marienhöhe

The successes at Marienhöhe aroused broad interest not only in specialist circles, but also in the NSDAP . Their attitude towards Marienhöhe and biodynamic agriculture was ambivalent for a while. The influential nitrogen industry, which feared for its fertilizer sales, put pressure on organic farming. The German Agricultural Society (DLG) or its managing director Otto Nolte from the Potash Indicator in Thuringia opposed the new agriculture after IG Farben had sent a tendentious “memorandum” to all Gestapo offices and ministries. As early as November 1933, the Thuringian Minister of Economics forbade the public discussion of biodynamic farming methods and the distribution of their products.

Despite the rejection of the anthroposophical background - the Anthroposophical Society was banned in November 1935 - other National Socialists saw an opportunity in the ecological economy and found out more on site, as the Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick on a visit to the Marienhöhe on April 28, 1934 Reichsbauernführer Richard Walther Darré and Rudolf Heß were interested in the economy and are said to have named Marienhöhe a model economy. Darré fit the biodynamic cultivation into his self-sufficiency program, as the cultivation method did not depend on the import of fertilizers. In addition, Darré hoped that organic farming would preserve soil fertility . Hess, who himself was interested in healthy vegetables, was informed in January 1934, especially after the advocacy of his wife Ilse , and decided to refrain from public polemics and to check the effectiveness of the biodynamic economy with longer-term comparative studies.

Erhard Bartsch's stance on National Socialism and his arrest

Blood-and-soil ideologist Darré at a rally of the Reich Nutrition State in 1937

Bartsch initially had high hopes for National Socialism and the person of Hitler ; In Darré's self-sufficiency program, he saw a favorable perspective for biodynamic cultivation. He campaigned for a 'culture-bearing peasantry' and hoped that the Nazi state would strengthen the organic economy against the vehement and existential attacks of the chemical industry. The leading representatives of the biodynamic movement were generally positive, at least loyal, to his activities. When Bartsch resisted the ideological appropriation of biodynamic agriculture detached from anthroposophy and resolutely refused to join the NSDAP, the party-internal advocates could no longer hold the ecological method.

A visit by Darré - already disempowered in 1939 after a conflict with Himmler and on leave from office in 1942 - to the farm in 1940 and a subsequent positive statement by the Reichsbauernführer to the members of the Reichsbauernrat had no effect :

“At Marienhöhe I found that the Dr. Bartsch must be on the right track, because the results of his economy speak too clearly in his favor. The success clearly speaks for Dr. Bartsch. If science and our previous agricultural management do not have an explanation for these successes, that is their business. For us, only performance and success can be decisive. "

- Letter (excerpt) from the Reichsbauernführer Walther Darré, June 20, 1940.

The Reich Association for Biodynamic Economics was dissolved in 1941 and Bartsch was imprisoned twice in the Gestapo prison on Alexanderplatz in Berlin , among other things on the grounds of sabotage of the Reich Production Battle. After his release on November 30, 1941, he was allowed to continue working at Marienhöhe in a kind of house arrest and to continue running the farm.

Private business also in the Soviet Zone and GDR period (1945–1990)

House in the yard

As a result of the heavy fighting in April 1945, most of the farm burned down and the entire living and most of the dead inventory was lost. It was only possible to continue running the farm with the greatest effort. From Marienhöhe, after the war promoted by the Soviet military administration in Germany to the zone training company , experiments with biodynamic agriculture were to be carried out in Russia. According to the farmer Gyso von Bonin, the project failed because of Erhard Bartsch's refusal to join the SED . The land reform in the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ) and the subsequent forced collectivization in the GDR escaped Marienhoehe despite considerable repression and threats of the authorities by his wife, the Austrian Hemma Bartsch, represented the court as Austrian possession. Property owned by foreigners could not so easily be expropriated and made public property because of the promise of protection by the Soviet occupying power for property of foreigners .

While Erhard Bartsch worked mainly on the Wurzerhof in Sankt Veit an der Glan ( Carinthia ) from 1950 , his wife Hemma stayed on the Marienhöhe and, together with the above-mentioned farmer Heinz-Hellmuth Hoppe, played a major role in the farm's survival in the planned economy . It is very likely that Marienhöhe was the only privately owned farm that operated biodynamic agriculture in the GDR, in which, according to the official interpretation, apart from absolute niches, there was no organic farming. Without membership in an agricultural production cooperative (LPG), the farm could only survive during this time with the financial help of friends and the Bartsch family in Austria. Cut flowers , which were in short supply in the GDR , were also grown. Based on the Asterix comics , the taz referred to Marienhöhe as a small Gallic village in the GDR.

Marienhöhe in the 2010s

Marienhöhe in April 2014
Sales booth at the organic market of Chamissoplatz in Berlin-Kreuzberg
Farm buildings
House in the yard
Gardening

After the German reunification in 1990, after which the GDR companies were largely re-privatized, Marienhöhe went the opposite way, so to speak. In 1991, Bartsch's heirs donated the farm to a non-profit organization they had set up to fulfill their father's wish, which was not possible in GDR times. Leonore Scholze-Irrlitz, Head of the State Office for Berlin-Brandenburg Folklore at Humboldt University , commented on this development with the sentence: The only private farm in the GDR has de-privatized the country.

Farm community, structure and goals

The new landowner, the association for biodynamic farming, cultural work and social therapy in the countryside e. V. has leased its land to the operator, the collective Hofgemeinschaft Marienhöhe GbR . The association's statutes oblige the farm community to operate exclusively biodynamically.

The community consists of around forty people of all ages. In addition, there are temporarily apprentices, interns and participants in the voluntary ecological year (FÖJ). Visitors are informed about the history and changing focus topics such as pig farming or milk and milk processing on farm tours. The community markets their products, which are still under the protected Demeter trademark , in a local farm shop and also in direct sales with a stand at the organic market on Chamissoplatz in Berlin-Kreuzberg .

As one of the Marienhöher farmers explained in a program on Deutschlandfunk 2005, the farm community does not see its primary goal as aligning itself with the market and making profits. It is more important to cultivate a land in such a way that it becomes more fertile and does not lose its nutrients. In addition, the farm community is working to the monoculture of the neighboring pine forests gradually in mixed forests to convert .

Company level

The information on areas, crops and livestock farming relate in part to the 1996 status.

Acreage, crops and bakery

The total area of ​​the farm of 112  hectares consists of 32 hectares of forest, 31 hectares of permanent grassland , 40 hectares of arable land , 3 hectares of orchards , 1.5 hectares of horticulture and around 5 hectares of other areas. The courtyard includes three other areas that lie outside the clearing island, including the largest area, the Wierichwiesen.

On the core areas of the court are to cereal rye, oats, barley and wheat and feed mixtures and legume alfalfa / clover , rye / winter vetch , lupine , serradella , Landsberger mixture , sunflower / buckwheat / corn / Lupine / millet, sweet clover / carrot and beet cultivated. A variety of fine vegetables and field vegetables, potatoes and carrots, thrive in the nursery . Among the fruits dominate soft fruit , apple, pear, plum and cherry.

Some of the grain grown is used as feed grain. Rye, wheat and spelled are in the Hofbäckerei before each baking day stone mill freshly broken . Various wholemeal breads are made from sourdough , water and salt .

Wierichwiesen

The extensive Wierich meadows have a completely different character from the other sandy-loamy areas of the courtyard. Although the management of fen meadows has long been considered uneconomical under the current economic conditions of agriculture, they are still used by Marienhöhe to extract hay . The low moor is part of the meltwater runoff between the Rinnenseen Petersdorfer See and Scharmützelsee. The meadows are criss-crossed by numerous small drainage ditches that lead into two larger ditches. They are named after the northern bay of Wierich , formerly Wierig , of the Scharmützelsee. The name, first mentioned in 1745 as Wurrich , goes back to the Lower Sorbian wjerch and means summit, upper part , so here refers to the upper part of the lake.

The meadows are around 1.5 kilometers east of the farm between Bad Saarow-Mitte and the Am Dudel residential area . They are surrounded by a footpath, the 5-kilometer-long Schmeling circular route - named after Max Schmeling , who lived with his wife Anny Ondra on the edge of the meadow in the so-called artists' colony on the Dudel . At the height on the north-western edge of the meadows is the listed studio and home of the sculptor Josef Thorak .

Livestock and cheese making

New cowshed completed in 2011

The herd of cattle including the breeding bulls belong to the endangered breed of the Central German Red Cattle . The robust dual-purpose cattle can cover long distances and, when used as a workhorse, produce an attractive milk yield despite physical exertion . At marginal yield locations , the breed is also kept to keep the cultivated landscape open . During the growing season , the Marienhöher herd is taken to pasture every day. The farm's domestic pigs , the German saddle pigs , which were named the endangered livestock breed of the year in 2006, are also considered robust . There are also some sheep and horses and 10 bee colonies . The animals are fed exclusively with the farm's own feed, without silage . The milk is processed into various raw milk specialties in the farm's own artisanal cheese dairy . The meat and sausage products are created in collaboration with a regional butcher.

New buildings and renovations 2010/11

In 2010/11 the cowshed and a hay storage hall were rebuilt, the farm cheese dairy was rebuilt and expanded. The modern cowshed has a feeding and milking area and a spacious outdoor area for the 30 dairy cows. The measures, estimated at around 1.05 million euros, were funded, among other things, with funds from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (ERLER) and funds from the federal-state joint task for improving the agricultural structure and coastal protection (GAK).

Resonance and Marienhöhe in the film

In the 2010s, the Marienhöhe farm was once again considered a model company with exemplary training. The farmers of the farm community are often invited to speak about their experiences with organic farming at conferences. In 2010 around 20 pupils from the Bad Saarow elementary and secondary school attended the Demeter farm. In May 2012 the nature conservation council of the Oder-Spree district visited the farm. In the course of the growing importance of healthy eating and nature-friendly production methods, political celebrities are also rediscovering the farm. The chairman of the informed in 2012 party Alliance 90 / The Greens , Cem Özdemir on site.

On October 4, 1998, ZDF broadcast the documentary Die Ökologische Hofgemeinschaft Marienhöhe near Bad Saarow in the magazine blickpunkt with a running time of 104: 14 minutes.

literature

  • Jörgen Beckmann: Plant breeding in biodynamic farming. Developments in the 20th Century. Verlag Edition Zukunft, Barsinghausen 2013, ISBN 978-3-89799-254-2 . (PDF) ( Memento from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  • Gyso von Bonin: How did the idea of ​​organic farming gain a foothold on earth? In: Project Group Naturally Bunt (Ed.): Naturally Bunt. The political spectrum of organic agriculture. Documentation volume of the 20th Witzenhausen Conference, December 4th to 8th, 2012. Kassel university press, Kassel 2013, ISBN 978-3-86219-470-4 . (online, PDF)
  • The local chronicles office Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow on Scharmützelsee. (Draft.) Fürstenwalde / Spree, Bad Saarow, as of September 8, 2013. (The individual chapters are available online as PDF files. Overview with individually clickable chapters ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).)
  • Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IX: Beeskow - Storkow. (= Publications of the Potsdam State Archives , Volume 25). Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-941919-86-0 , p. 224 (reprint of the edition: Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nachhaben, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 ).

Web links

Commons : Marienhöhe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In most of the representations, Marienhöhe is referred to as the oldest organic farm in Germany. According to the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, at least farmers in the Thuringian district of Apolda also started organic farming in the 1920s, but in contrast to Marienhöhe with a break in the GDR era. Source: Frieder Rock, Institut für Zukunftsrächtiges Wirtschaften e. V .: Infrastructure development and financing of organic farming, processing and marketing in the new federal states. Ed .: Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning. Final report. BBR online publication, final report, November 2004. p. 17.
  2. ↑ Olaf Juschus: The young moraine south of Berlin - investigations into the young Quaternary landscape development between Unterspreewald and Nuthe. S. 2. Dissertation, Humboldt University Berlin, 2001. See Figure 2 Plates and glacial valleys in the young moraine south of Berlin . online Also in: Berlin Geographical Works 95. ISBN 3-9806807-2-X , Berlin 2003.
  3. ↑ Brigitte Nixdorf, Mike Hemm u. a .: Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany, part 5, Brandenburg , environmental research plan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , final report R&D project FKZ 299 24 274, on behalf of the Federal Environment Agency at the Chair of Water Protection at the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus , 2004 Chapter 1.26 Scharmützelsee p. 107 ( Online , PDF; 1.92 MB).
  4. ↑ a b Werner Stackebrandt: Neotectonic activity areas in Brandenburg (Northern Germany). In: Brandenburgische Geoscientific Contributions , 1,2 2005, Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Cottbus 2005, pp. 165–172. See chapter 1.3: Rauensche Berge. Pp. 166-168, PDF .
  5. ↑ a b c d e LandLeben e. V .: Landscape aesthetic courtyard portrait: Hof Marienhöhe. "The sandy oasis." ( Memento of the original from November 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.landleben-ev.de
  6. ^ German Meteorological Service: Mean precipitation levels 1961–1990 ; see values ​​for Beeskow download via DWD mean values
  7. ^ The local chronicle office Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow…. … Chapter economic development. Pp. 7-10.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / docs.google.com  
  8. ↑ a b Joachim Schölzel (edit.): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IX:….
  9. ↑ Evangelical student community in the Federal Republic of Germany: Einkehrhaus "Hospiz zur Furche". ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundes-esg.de
  10. ^ The local chronicle office Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow…. … Chapter The area and the country house colony (1905 to 1922). Pp. 14-18.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / docs.google.com  
  11. ↑ a b c d e Herbert H. Koepf: Erhard Bartsch. Research Center for Culture Impulse, Biographies Documentation.
  12. ^ Gunter Vogt: Origin and development of organic farming in the German-speaking area. Ecological Concepts, Volume 99. Ecology & Agriculture Foundation, 2000, ISBN 3-934499-21-X , p. 98.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g Stephan Haufe: Resistant spirit. Marienhöhe farm community - one of the first organic farms in Germany. In: Deutschlandfunk. Environment and consumers. Archive. Posted on December 29, 2005.
  14. ^ Oral communication from the farmer Heinz-Hellmuth Hoppe (1918–2008), who worked on the Marienhöhe farm from 1957. Reproduced by and quoted from: Jörgen Beckmann: Plant breeding in biodynamic farming. Developments in the 20th Century. ..., p. 84f.
  15. ^ Research Center for Culture Impulse , Biographies Documentation: Almar von Wistingshausen.
  16. ^ Almar von Wistinghausen. Memories of the beginning of the biodynamic economy. About Rudolf Steiner's agricultural commission and his students. Verlag Lebendige Erde, Darmstadt 1982, p. 41. Quoted from: Jörgen Beckmann: Plant breeding in the biodynamic economy. Developments in the 20th Century. ..., p. 17.
  17. ↑ a b c Gyso von Bonin: How did the idea of ​​organic farming gain a foothold on earth? ..., p. 17.
  18. ↑ Jörgen Beckmann: Plant breeding in the biodynamic economy. Developments in the 20th Century. ..., p. 17.
  19. ↑ Jörgen Beckmann: Plant breeding in the biodynamic economy. Developments in the 20th Century. ..., pp. 19, 67.
  20. ^ Sylvia Weidemann: The Demeter House. Entry for March in: Förderverein "Kurort Bad Saarow" e. V .: Wall calendar 2013. ( Memento from March 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Reinhard Kiesewetter: Dream housing Bad Saarow. 60 houses with an eventful history in Bad Saarow-Pieskow on the “Märkisches Meer”. Ed .: Förderverein Kurort Bad Saarow e. V., Bad Saarow 2002, p. 108f.
  22. ↑ a b c d Uwe Werner: Rudolf Steiner on the individual and race. His commitment against racism and nationalism. In: Rahel Uhlenhoff (Ed.): Anthroposophy in past and present. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-8305-1930-0 , pp. 705-778, pp. 756ff.
  23. ^ The local chronicle office Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow…. … Chapter The area and the country house colony (1923 to 1937). Pp. 19-26.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / docs.google.com  
  24. ^ Gunter Vogt: Origin and development of organic farming in the German-speaking area. Verlag Stiftung Ökologie & Landbau, Bad Dürkheim 2000, ISBN 3-934499-21-X , pp. 133–145.
  25. ↑ a b Die Ortschronisten Amt Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow…. … Chapter The Bad Saarow Community (1938 to 1944). Pp. 27-29.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / docs.google.com  
  26. ↑ Arfst Wagner (ed.): Contributions to the threefolding of the social organism. NS Documentation Volume III. Lohengrin-Verlag, Tetenhusen 1992, p. 16ff. Quoted from: Nikolai Fuchs: Study on the relationship between representatives of the biodynamic economy and National Socialism. Dornach 2004, p. 7 note 22 (PDF)
  27. ↑ Erhard Bartsch: The development of the Marienhöhe farm, September 1946
  28. ↑ Biodynamic Working Group on Forest Care. Conference invitation sows 2013.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.demeter.de  
  29. ↑ Gyso von Bonin: How did the idea of ​​organic farming gain a foothold on earth? ..., p. 18.
  30. ↑ Jochen Bendele: Rooted in the Wurzerhof. ( Memento from September 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Kleine Zeitung , November 5, 2011.
  31. ↑ Federal Office for the Settlement of Unresolved Property Issues : Review of case law 04/2000 of April 5, 2000, p. 25 (PDF) ( Memento of the original of April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / 80.245.147.94
  32. ↑ Frieder Rock, Institute for Future Economics e. V .: Infrastructure development and financing of organic farming, processing and marketing in the new federal states. Ed .: Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning. Final report. BBR online publication, final report, November 2004. p. 17.
  33. ↑ Homepage Marienhöhe
  34. ^ Ansgard Warner: Weleda in the land of plastics and elastics. In: the daily newspaper , April 4, 2009.
  35. ↑ Donation document notary's office Fürstenwalde 1991
  36. ↑ a b c d e Hofgemeinschaft Marienhöhe GbR: Hof Marienhöhe. Biodynamic cultivation since 1928. Flyer, no date (received in April 2014).
  37. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 12: The place names of the Beeskow-Storkow district . After preliminary work by Klaus Müller. ( Berlin Contributions to Name Research , Volume 13). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08664-1 , p. 178f.
  38. ↑ Friends of the Bad Saarow Spa Resort e. V .: Schmeling-Rundweg Bad Saarow (PDF).
  39. ↑ Thomas van Elsen, Tanja Ingensand, Mark Reinert (Editing; University of Kassel , Department of Organic Agriculture and Plant Production ): Status report on nature-friendly land use as compensation and replacement measures. Ed .: State Institute for Ecology, Land Management and Forests Recklinghausen (LÖBF), Recklinghausen, 2003, p. 141. (PDF)
  40. ↑ Marienhöhe farm: conversion of the cowshed with barn, machine hall and cheese dairy. ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Information sheet for new cowshed construction 2010/11. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hofmarienhoehe.de
  41. ↑ Image of the ERLER sign on the new cowshed on Commons.
  42. ^ The local chronicle office Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow…. … Chapter The restructuring (1990 to 2010). Pp. 44-55.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / docs.google.com  
  43. ^ The local chronicle office Scharmützelsee: Chronicle of the community Bad Saarow…. … Chapter The way ahead despite the economic crisis (2011 to now). Pp. 56-59.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / docs.google.com  
  44. ↑ Demeter: Rhythm is life. The new Demeter Journal appears. August 28, 2012.
  45. ^ DEFA Foundation , film database: The ecological farm community Marienhöhe near Bad Saarow .

Coordinates: 52 ° 17 ′ 29.2 "  N , 14 ° 1 ′ 25.9"  E