Radziwiłł

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Coat of arms of the Radziwiłł princes and princes
Coats of arms variant ( Trąby coat of arms )

Radziwiłł [ ɾadʒˈiviˌw ] ( Lithuanian Radvila, Byelorussian Радзівіл) is the name of a Polish - Lithuanian noble family that later also lived in Prussia . Originally it belonged to the Lithuanian-Belarusian nobility. The feminine form of the name is Radziwiłłowa in Polish . The Radvila were one of the oldest and most distinguished Lithuanian princely families with large estates in Poland , Lithuania , Belarus and Prussia. You also held many political offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania .

history

At the Horodło meeting in 1413, Lithuania was confirmed as a Grand Duchy . 47 Lithuanian aristocratic families were given the right to adopt a coat of arms of the Polish nobility and thus to belong to it. The boyar family Radvila (more precisely Nikolaus Ostikowicz-Radvila) chose the Trąby coat of arms. In 1477 his son Mikołaj II finally gave the family the name in its Polish form Radziwiłł.

1515 Mikołaj Radziwiłł got on the First Congress of Vienna of Emperor Maximilian I , the princes would for the entire family Radziwill. According to previous knowledge, only one of the original three lines of the family clan still exists, the descendants of Mikołaj Czarny (“the black”). In 1547 Barbara Radziwiłł married the last Polish king of the Jagiellonian dynasty (from 1550) Sigismund II August . He recognized the prince was the family in Lublin on July 1, 1569, effective for the Kingdom of Poland at. After his death in 1572, the elective monarchy was introduced, in whose ballots the Radziwiłł, along with other magnates such as the Lubomirski , Czartoryski or Sapieha , exercised considerable influence.

Surname

The family name has its origin in Lithuania. The son of Ostik had the pagan first name Radvila and, after Christian baptism in 1386, Nikolaus Ostikowicz. His son Nikolaus chose his father's first name as his family name and called himself from then on Nikolaus Radvila. An early document dates from 1432 as Родивилъ (Rodiwil). The Polish spelling Radziwiłł has only been in use since 1477, possibly as a folk etymological reference to the Polish radzić ' rates -'. . The prefix Radzi in many names, such as B. in Radzikau, Radzimanowski, to name just a few families still living today, suggests that the rank of “royal council”, which was only introduced in Lithuania at the time of the personal union of Lithuania-Poland , became part of many family names.

Personalities

Jerzy Herkules Radziwiłł (1480–1541), Grand Hetman of Lithuania
Mikołaj Radziwiłł Czarny (1515–1565), »Radziwiłł the Black«
Barbara Radziwiłł (1520–1551), Queen of Poland
Other bearers of the name without assignment

Radziwiłł House Castles

The following castles belonged to the Radziwiłł family:

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Volume Fü VIII, p. 401, C. A. Starke-Verlag, Limburg, (1968)

literature

Web links