Skála (Věž)

Scale
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Kraj Vysočina
District :	Havlíčkův Brod
Municipality :	Věž
Area :	193 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 33 '  N , 15 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 33 '26 "  N , 15 ° 26' 25"  E
Height:	535  m nm
Residents :	100 (2011)
Postal code :	580 01, 582 56
License plate :	J
traffic
Street:	Humpolec - Havlíčkův Brod

Place view

Church of the Assumption

Rectory

Skála (German Skala ) is a district of the municipality Věž in the Czech Republic. It is located six kilometers northeast of the city center of Humpolec and belongs to the Okres Havlíčkův Brod .

geography

Skála is located below a rock spur crowned by the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin in the valley of the Perlový potok ( Skaler Bach ) in the Křemešnická vrchovina ( Křemešník Mountains ). The I / 34 state road between Havlíčkův Brod and Humpolec runs through the village . In the north-east rises the Lejchovec (588 m nm), in the south-east the Na Kubínovsku (560 m nm), south of the U kapličky (578 m nm) and the Ohrada (595 m nm) and in the north-west - in the Orlovské lesy ( Worlow Forest ) - the Orlík ( Worlow , 678 m nm), the Poláček (644 m nm) and the Kopec (655 m nm). To the north is the Veselsko mouflon enclosure, and to the southwest is the Kachlička pond.

Neighboring towns are Veselsko , Mozerov and Jedouchov in the north, Věž in the Northeast, Spirov, Merunka, Ulrichův Mlyn and Radňov the east, Koječín and U Miksu the southeast, Boňkov and Zdislavice in the south, Splav, Myslivna, Bransoudov and Rozkoš in the southwest, Leština in West and Malý Budíkov, Orlovy, Kejžlice and Nový Dvůr in the north-west.

history

Skála is one of the oldest villages in the region. The first written mention of the parish of Skála was in 1352 in a papal tithe list. It is certain that at that time there was already a festival next to the church on the spur . The Zeman Dyk von Skala ( Dyk ze Skály ) was handed down as its first proven owner in 1358 . The following owners were Přibík von Kamenice in 1360, Půta the Elder in 1401. Ä. from Skal and in 1415 Václav Vácha from Dubá and Skála . The latter was one of the signatories of the protest letter from Bohemian nobles against the arrest and burning of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance . After that, the fortress belonged to Maršík von Skála and around 1420 Johann von Genzenstein and Skal ( Jan z Jenštejna a ze Skály ), who at the same time became the owner of the Humpolec estate through his wife - a daughter of Heinrich von Dubá . The noblemen and knights of Skal were a branch of the family of the Lords of Kamenitz and like them had a dog's head in their coat of arms.

The fortress of Skála was probably destroyed at the beginning of the Hussite Wars when King Sigismund and 60,000 mercenaries marched against Prague via Iglau and Humpolec in 1421 . The place remained desolate for a long time, only the Soběhrd estate was cultivated. In 1496 the brothers Bohuslav and Vlach von Leskovec, together with their nephew Jetřich Jan, sold the Humpolec estate with the town of Humpolec, the Orlík castle , the villages of Skála, Čejov , Leština and the desert village of Bransoudov to Jan Trčka from Lípa . The former manor was parceled out and sold out in 1496. The location of the fortress was then lost, and the remains of the walls were only rediscovered in 1833 when the rectory was built. At the place of house number 3 there was a smelter with a stamping mill, in which silver ores from Pavlov, Koječín, Slavníč and Věž were processed. Skála remained part of the Humpolec rule until 1559 and was joined with this to the Lipnice rule . As Burian III. Trčka von Lípa sold the Lipnice castle to Franz von Thurn and Valsassina in 1561 , Skála was separated from this and added to the Světlá rule . After the murder of Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa, Emperor Ferdinand II confiscated his property and those of his father Jan Rudolf Trčka von Lípa on March 29, 1634 , the total estimated value of which was 4,000,000 guilders ; the confiscation patent was confirmed in May 1636 by the Reichshofrat in Vienna.

Ferdinand II had the rule of Světlá broken up into landed goods and sold them to his favorites. He sold the remaining part of the rule in 1636 to his chamberlain and war councilor Don Aldobrandini , who left it to the son of General Pappenheim , Grand Prior of the Maltese Wolf Adam zu Pappenheim . After his death there was a distribution of goods. The Pappenheim heirs received the Okrouhlice estate, which was expanded by numerous villages from the Světlá rulership, including Skála, and sold it to Philipp Adam zu Solms-Lich in 1637 . Below the Nademlejnský rybník pond, a mill with a board saw was built on the former smelting site, which has been documented since 1668. Michael Achatius von Kirchner, who had acquired the Pollerskirchen , Herálec and Okrouhlice estates with Věž around 1708 ; left the Okrouhlice estate in the same year to Johann Peter Straka von Nedabylic and Libčan . In his will, which was laid down in 1710, Straka ordered the establishment of the Straka Foundation for the establishment of a noble knight academy for young impoverished aristocrats. In addition to his estates Okrauhlitz, Liebtschan and Ober Weckelsdorf , cash assets of 38,542 guilders flowed into this . In 1728, Karl Straka von Nedabylice had the Church of Our Lady of Heaven built in place of the chapel. After the Count Straka von Nedabylic family died out, the three estates were administered as the Count Straka Foundation from 1771 . Since the Straka Academy had not come into being, in 1782, by order of Emperor Joseph I, an annual scholarship was awarded from the proceeds of the three estates for studying Bohemian young men of the aristocratic class in all kk hereditary lands. In 1792 the three foundations were placed under the administration of the Bohemian Estates State Committee. In 1833 the new road from Deutschbrod to Humpoletz was completed; the original plans provided for the expansion of the existing road across Boňkov. Since the steep Kirchberg was often impassable for carters in winter, it was re-routed around the ponds in the valley and over Rozkoš.

In 1840 the village of Skala in the Caslauer Kreis on Humpoletzer Strasse consisted of 36 houses in which 260 people, including a Jewish family, lived. The local church Märiä Himmelfahrt, the localist house and the school were under the patronage of the religious fund. There was also an inn in the village, a manorial brandy house, two mills with oil rammers, one of which also operated a board saw, and a cloth mill with 12 pairs of rammers. Skala was the pastor of Jedauchow , Leschtina , Zdislawitz , Wiež and Moserow . Until the mid-19th century remained scale of the Foundation domination Okrauhlitz servants.

After the abolition of patrimonial Skála formed from 1849 with the districts Leština and Zdislavice a municipality in the judicial district of Humpoletz . In 1849 the miller Karel Koret built a new sawmill. In 1851 the new road to Herálec was built . After the Battle of Königgrätz , the Prussian army marched through the village in the direction of Vienna on July 9, 1866, after the preliminary peace in Nikolsburg the Prussians returned to Skála on August 14 on their march back. Both times the food supplies were confiscated and soldiers billeted; ten residents died of the imported cholera . From 1868 the place belonged to the district Deutschbrod . In 1869 Skála had 253 inhabitants and consisted of 37 houses. Zdislavice became independent in 1888. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1893. In 1900 there were 238 people in Skála, compared to 227 in 1910. After the manor mill had burned down in 1903, the miller Alois Reimann sold the site to Arnold Posiles, who built the starch and soap factory "Extra" on it. When the pond dam broke during a great flood in 1908, the soap factory was halfway under water and was not restored. On July 1, 1910, the community became part of the newly established Humpoletz district . The sawmill burned down in 1913, but was rebuilt before the First World War. Leština broke away from Skála in 1919 and formed its own community. In 1923 an earthenware vessel with 324 silver groschen from 1615 and 1616 was excavated in the garden of the inn. The dirt road to Leština was expanded into a district road in 1924. The starch factory was converted into a distillery in 1927. In 1930 Skála had 161 inhabitants and consisted of 38 houses. On May 12, 1933, an airplane with five passengers on the flight from Košice to Prague had to make an emergency landing on the old road behind the church ; After the repair, it was pulled up the hill with oxen the next day and started its onward flight. In 1938 the village was electrified. In 1948 the distillery was nationalized and shut down in the 1950s; Since 1954 storks have been nesting on the 30 m high distillery chimney every year. Despite resistance from some residents, a JZD was founded in 1950 . In 1954 the majority of the farmers left the cooperative, the last farmers returned to the JZD in 1958. Between 1959 and 1963 a culture house was built, which was reconstructed and expanded from 1985 to 1988. In the course of the territorial reform of 1960 and the abolition of the Okres Humpolec, the municipality was assigned to the Okres Havlíčkův Brod . On July 1, 1985 it was incorporated into Věž . In the 2001 census, 89 people lived in the 44 houses in the village.

Local division

The district of Skála forms the cadastral district of Skála u Havlíčkova Brodu.

Attractions

• Baroque Church of the Assumption on the rocky spur above the village. The first parish church can be traced back to 1352, it was probably destroyed during the Hussite Wars. A wooden chapel was later built in its place. In 1728 Karl Straka von Nedabylice had today's church built. The single-nave building and the free-standing octagonal house of the dead are attributed to the builder Thomas Haffenecker .
• Late baroque rectory from 1787, it is located on the site of the former festival of the Zemanen of Skála. During the excavation of the foundations in 1833 masonry, cellar and ceramic remains were found. It is protected as a cultural monument.
• Niche chapel of the Virgin Mary on the U kapličky hill in the fields above the road to Boňkov. According to tradition, the church of Skála was to be built on the place where a battle took place during the Hussite Wars. After the building materials disappeared overnight, a rumor spread that the Lord wanted the church to be built in Skála rather than on the hill. Rather, it was the residents of Skála who took the material away because they wanted the church in the village.
• Kachlička recreation area with a campsite and cottage colony
• Memorial stone for those who fell in World War I, on the slope below the church, unveiled in 1930
• Cast iron cross on the church, created in 1857

literature

• Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 560

Web links

• History of Skála

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/747858/Skala-u-Havlickova-Brodu
2. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 11: Caslauer Kreis. Ehrlich, Prague 1843, p. 236.
3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/747858/Skala-u-Havlickova-Brodu
4. ↑ Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie s márnicí ÚSKP 25788 / 6-329 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
5. ↑ Fara (rectory) ÚSKP 41168 / 6-330 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
6. ↑ http://www.bonkov.cz/bonkovaokoli.html