St. Martin (Tettens)

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St. Martin's Church in Tettens

The Evangelical - Lutheran Church of St. Martin (also Tettenser Church ) is a Grade II listed church in Tettens in the municipality Wangerland in Lower Saxony . The late Romanesque granite square church was built in the 12th century.

history

Today's St. Martin's Church was built around 1143 on a 7.50 meter high terp . The church is said to have had two wooden predecessors. This is concluded from finds that were found during renovations in 1965/1966. In 1210, the bishop of Bremen released the church for worship through the responsible pastor of the Sendkirche St. Sixtus and Sinicius in Hohenkirchen . It was only around 100 years later that the “Tettensze in Wanga” church was officially inaugurated by the Bishop of Bremen. Hero von Felde was appointed the first preacher. Extensive records exist of the preachers since the Reformation.

The interior of the church was designed in the Baroque style from 1717 . The wooden ceiling of the nave was given a corresponding ceiling painting in 1717 . The late Gothic winged altar was renovated in 1730 and on this occasion received the tendrils as a baroque decorative element in the predella and in its top.

During the Second World War , the roof of the church was badly damaged by an air mine in a bombing raid on February 11, 1943 . The parish pastry also suffered damage.

architecture

West pediment made of granite and brick

Today's church is a late Romanesque granite square church with high-seated arched windows in the longitudinal walls and a retracted, semicircularly vaulted apse to the east . The walls of the 44 meter long and 14 meter wide church consist mainly of granite blocks, which were reinforced with numerous iron wall anchors for structural reasons . The upper part of the west gable is made of brick . The foundation of the church under the lowest layer of granite stones consists of a three meter thick layer of alternating five centimeters of clay and shell limestone. The inside dimensions of the church are 36.5 meters long and 10.7 meters wide, and the height is 10.4 meters. The masonry is 1.8 meters thick and consists of the aforementioned granite blocks on the outside and bricks on the inside.

The church still has its three original entrances, all of which are arched in shape. In the door reveals, niches can be seen on the inside to accommodate locking bars for secure locking of the doors. The south entrance is now the main entrance to the church. The west entrance is primarily used for funerals. The still preserved north entrance no longer serves as an entrance to the church, but leads into the heating room of the church.

The tower stands south of the west gable and was built from brick around 1500. It has a late Gothic basket arch portal and a pointed pyramid helmet as the roof .

Furnishing

The interior design is characterized by different style periods. While the church has a Romanesque basic shape, elements of the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque can be found in the interior of the church .

Winged altar

The winged altar

The winged altar of the Martinskirche is a late Gothic carved altar, the date of which is estimated to be around 1480. In 1730 the altar received a baroque extension in the form of a predella with carvings below the central shrine and an attachment with tendrils above the figurative representations. The three-part altar shows a central field on which the crucifixion of Christ is depicted with many figures. The lower level is filled by three groups of figures. The group on the left includes Maria , Johannes and probably Longinus as well as three other figures. The scribe who wrote the inscription on the cross is assigned to the group of three under the cross. The group on the right includes soldiers, Jews, and the high priest . The almost square crucifixion scene is flanked by statues of St. Martin and Thomas Becket , which stand on polygonal pedestals. At the top, the middle field is closed off by five canopies with keel arches and filigree tracery . The altar bears two inscriptions on the back wall:

"This altar is renovated by a voluntary collector in 1730 and painted in 1735"

- 1st inscription on the back of the winged altar

and

"In 1839 this altar was renovated, painted and gilded by a voluntary collective."

- 2nd inscription on the back of the winged altar

The assignment of the representations on the two-storey side wings was unknown for a long time. It was not until 1928 that the Tettens pastor Hans Thorade (1925–1953) succeeded in assigning the pictures to the two saints. The relief fields are structured by twisted columns with capitals that merge into keel arches with tracery.

The representations on the left wing of the altar show scenes from the life of St. Martin. St. Martin stands for service to others. He shares his cloak with the poor who are dependent on charitable gifts.

The representations on the right wing show scenes from the life of St. Thomas. Thomas Beckett, who was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in England in 1163, opposed the then English King Henry II and was murdered in 1170. He was canonized as early as 1173 . In 1538 King Henry VIII of England had all churches and altars named after Becket in England destroyed.

It was not known for a long time that there were altars with depictions of Becket in Germany. It was only through Thorade's research that it was proven that there were altars depicting Becket outside of England. Since then, further altars with Becket motifs have been found in Germany. The altar of St. Martin's Church is one of them and has been the destination of many English pastors ever since.

Sacrament house

Near the altar is the sacrament house , which was used to store the body of Christ in pre-Reformation times . It is carved from Baumberger sandstone and was created between 1523 and 1525. The artist is unknown, but the work bears a resemblance to works by the sculptor Berndt Bunekemann from Münster.

The late Gothic tabernacle is eight meters high and stands on a cross-shaped base, which is decorated with three lions and a dog. The shrine has a lattice door on two sides and a stone slab on the other two sides. The four-storey upper tower structure is richly designed with delicate tracery , pinnacles and crabs and is crowned by a finial . The shrine slab on the north side bears the following Latin inscription:

"Anno Domini MCCCCCXXIII obiit venerabilis dominus alvericus pastor huius ecclesie in pio leto Crispini et Crispiniani cuius anima requiescat in pace. Amen."

- Inscription on the sacrament house

“In the year of the Lord 1523, Reverend Alverich, shepherd of this community, passed away on the feast day of Chrispin and Chrispian. Rest his soul in peace. "

- Translation of the inscription on the sacrament house

Another inscription on the south side of the shrine bears the name of the founder with his coat of arms (double headed eagle) and states the year: “Ome Hoeflinck to Mitdoch MCCCCCXXV” (1525).

The Legend of the sacrament was home from Junker Ome of Mitdoch for atonement donated. He had allegedly killed the Tettensian pastor Alverich with a crossbow during the sermon because he had started the service without waiting for the late Junker.

On the North Sea coast there are only three other sacraments, namely in the north , in Arle and in Dorum (Land Wursten) .

pulpit

The polygonal pulpit from 1564 rests on a square foot on the south side of the nave of the church. It is one of the oldest in the Oldenburger Land . It is simply designed and has a clear structure of the surfaces without figurative representations. The carved folding panels indicate that late Gothic parts of the previous pulpit from 1475, destroyed in 1538, were reused.

Baptismal font

The baroque baptismal font of the church is made of white marble and dates to around 1750. The baptismal font is covered by an amphora carved from wood , which must be completely removed from the baptismal font for baptisms . The production of the cover is estimated to be around 1850. The cover was not in use for decades because it was perceived as inappropriate because of its oak leaf garland. Thanks to an employee of the community, however, it was not disposed of , as initially ordered , but stored in the attic of the church. Since its rediscovery, the cover has been shown together with the baptismal font in the church.

Confessional by Mieniet Rinitz

There is a confessional on the south wall of the church, which was purchased around 150 years after the Reformation. Today it is used as a sacristy . The confessional bears the inscription:

"Hartwich Brand Fischer, pastor in Tettens (1691–1703) and Mieniet Rinitz gave this confessional in honor of God in 1693"

- Inscription on the confessional in St. Martin's Church

Ceiling painting

The beamed ceiling of the church interior was restored in 1717 and on this occasion was painted in the Baroque style, which is unusual for the region . Motifs on the ceiling are white acanthus tendrils on a red background, which originate from religious medallions between the beams . Almost all medallions have lettering such as B. "GOD CREATES THE WORLD AROUND SIN" , "GOD IS MERCY", "CHRIST THE SOURCE" or "CHRIST IS THE GRAPE" . However, some texts are difficult to decipher due to the old spelling and historical design. To preserve the painting, the ceiling has already been renewed several times, but the middle part is still in its original state.

Stalls

Originally, in Tettens - as in other medieval churches - worship was celebrated while standing. It is not yet known when exactly the pews were built into the St. Martin Church. The only clue is the year 1672, which is carved into a door of the stalls. However, it is controversial whether this gives an indication of the date of installation.

organ

Organ by Alfred Führer (1970) in the historic case by Eilert Köhler (1744)
Watch hood

For the first time, an organ is documented from 1540, which fell victim to a fire. In 1575 there was a new organ donated by Fraulein Maria von Jever . Organ builder Eilert Köhler from Burhave built a new organ in 1744, which had 24 registers , divided into two manuals and a pedal. Johann Martin Schmid replaced the instrument with a new one with 20 registers on pneumatic cone chests in the old case. In 1935, Alfred Führer carried out a renovation , during which the swell box was removed. The same company built a new building in 1970 including the historic prospectus including the old prospectus pipes. The nine-axis prospect is characterized by three raised polygonal pipe towers, between which two pointed towers are attached. Four two-story flat fields mediate between the towers. Since the installation of the vacant Gedackt 8 ′ register in the pedal in 2002, the organ has had 24 registers with the following disposition :

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Quintad 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 2 ′
Mixture IV-VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Zimbel III
Trumpet 8th'
II breastwork C – g 3
Dumped 8th'
recorder 4 ′
Principal 2 ′
Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Terzian II
Sharp III 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Dulcian 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Peasant flute 2 ′
Rauschpfeife IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 8th'

Historical clock of the church

On the south side of the church roof is the historical clock of the church. The clock mechanism is located in the attic of the church and shows the time on the outside via a clock dome with a dial . A clock bell is located above the dial, which is struck by a hammer mechanism to announce the time. The bell rings every half hour and strikes the corresponding number of hours on the hour.

Bell tower

The brick bell tower of the church, like almost all churches on the East Frisian peninsula, stands separately and was built around 1500. It is located southwest of the church and has a square footprint of 6.60 × 6.60 meters. The octagonal spire of the bell tower with slate covered and was built in 1881. The bell tower are three bells. The most beautiful of the three is the Magdalenenbell, which originally comes from Berdum in Harlingerland and was stolen by the Tettensians in 1541 during a campaign of revenge by Maria von Jever in the neighboring Harlingerland. The campaign was the answer to an attack by Harlingers on Tettens the year before, in which parts of the church interior had been devastated and looted.

Since October 1950, the bell tower has had a simple, around three meter high wooden cross on the south side, which reminds of the dead in their East German homeland .

See also

literature

  • Hans Saebens, Christel Matthias Schröder : The churches of Jeverland. Verlag CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever 1956, pp. 13, 39 ff.
  • Günter Müller: The old churches and bell towers of the Oldenburger Land. Kayser-Verlag, Oldenburg 1983, p. 153 ff.
  • Werner Brune (Ed.): Wilhelmshavener Heimatlexikon. Volume 3. Brune, Wilhelmshaven 1987, pp. 277-279.
  • Robert Noah, Martin Stromann: God's houses in Friesland and Wilhelmshaven. Verlag Soltau-Kurier-Norden, Norden 1991, ISBN 978-3-922365-95-2 , p. 92 ff.
  • Wilhelm Gilly: Medieval churches and chapels in the Oldenburger Land. Building history and inventory. Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-126-6 , p. 148 f.
  • Wolfgang Koppen: Sacrament house as reparation for pastor murder. In: Jeversches Wochenblatt of August 12, 1995.
  • Angelika Eikermann: Signpost through the St. Martin's Church in Tettens. Parish Council of Tettens, Tettens 2003.
  • Erhard Ahlrichs: Tettens. Wangerland 2005, ISBN 3-9810568-0-9 , pp. 83-99.
  • Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . 2nd Edition. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebs-GmbH, Aurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-940601-05-6 , p. 33, 39, 41, 140 .
  • Axel Bürgener , Klaus Siewert: Saalkirchen in Wangerland. Verlag "Auf der Warft", Münster - Hamburg - Wiarden 2015, ISBN 978-3-939211-97-6 , pp. 80 ff.
  • Julia Dittmann: St. Martins Church: New Faith in the Old Room . In: Jeversches Wochenblatt . July 18, 2020, p. 10 .

Web links

Commons : St. Martin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The construction of St. Martin's Church , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  2. ^ The preachers of the Duchy of Oldenburg since the Reformation. Retrieved March 21, 2014 .
  3. ^ Herbert R. Marwede: Pre-Reformation altars in East Friesland . Dissertation, Hamburg 2006, pp. 290–305, ( online ) (PDF file; 1.2 MB), accessed on February 8, 2014.
  4. ↑ Damage to the roof of St. Martin's Church , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  5. ↑ The Exterior of the Church: The Masonry , accessed February 1, 2014.
  6. ↑ Additions , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  7. ↑ Erhard Ahlrichs: Tettens , Wangerland 2005, p. 84
  8. ↑ Justin Kroesen, Regnerus Steensma: Churches in East Friesland and their medieval furnishings . Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-159-1 , p. 74 .
  9. ↑ For a detailed description and history of the altar see Herbert R. Marwede: Vorreformatorische Altäre in Ost-Friesland . Dissertation, Hamburg 2006, pp. 290–305, ( online ) (PDF file; 1.2 MB), viewed February 6, 2014.
  10. ↑ Saint Martin , accessed February 1, 2014.
  11. ^ Winged altar , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  12. ↑ Justin Kroesen, Regnerus Steensma: Churches in East Friesland and their medieval furnishings . Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-159-1 , p. 133 f .
  13. ↑ a b The Sacrament House , accessed on February 17, 2014
  14. ↑ Legend on the creation of the Sacrament House , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  15. ↑ Justin Kroesen, Regnerus Steensma: Churches in East Friesland and their medieval furnishings . Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-159-1 , p. 187 .
  16. ^ The font , accessed on February 2, 2014.
  17. ↑ The confessional by Mieniet Rinitz , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  18. ^ The ceiling painting , accessed on February 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ Erhard Ahlrichs: Tettens , Wangerland 2005, p. 84.
  20. ↑ The organ with the prospectus by master organ builder Köhler from 1744 , accessed on February 2, 2014.
  21. ↑ Fritz sign: Organ Atlas of historical and modern organs of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg . Noetzel, Wilhelmshaven 2008, ISBN 3-7959-0894-9 , pp. 229 .
  22. ^ Organ in Tettens , accessed on February 2, 2014.
  23. ↑ The historic church tower clock on the floor of St. Martins Church , accessed on February 1, 2014.
  24. ↑ The Bell Tower , accessed February 1, 2014.
  25. ↑ Ringing of the St. Martin Church in Tettens, accessed on September 7, 2018.
  26. ↑ Gabriele Dittrich, Wilfried Schneider: Bell atlas. A documentation of the bells of Protestant churches in the Oldenburger Land. Ev.-luth. Oberkirchenrat of the Ev.-luth. Church in Oldenburg, Oldenburg 2016, p. 42 f. ( Digital library , accessed December 22, 2017).
  27. ↑ Günter Alvensleben: A gem made of granite blocks - St. Martin's Church in Tettens. In: " culture land oldenburg" - magazine of the Oldenburg landscape, issue 4.2012 | No. 154, p. 34 f. Archiv Kulturland Oldenburg ; PDF 6.1 MB, accessed on May 18, 2019.
  28. ↑ Commemoration of the Homeland , accessed on February 1, 2014.

Coordinates: 53 ° 38 ′ 18.3 "  N , 7 ° 52 ′ 53.3"  E