Tofans
| Tofans | |
|---|---|
 Tofana di Dentro , di Mezzo and di Rozes |
|
| Highest peak | Tofana di Mezzo ( 3244 m slm ) |
| location | Belluno , Italy |
| part of | Dolomites , Southern Limestone Alps , Eastern Alps |
| Classification according to | AVE 52 |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 33 ' N , 12 ° 4' E |
| rock | Main dolomite |
| Age of the rock | Upper Triassic |
The triumvirate of the Tofane ( Italian Tofane , German also Tofana ) is one of the most famous and distinctive Dolomite massifs . The Tofane are located west of Cortina d'Ampezzo and overlook the Valle del Boite ( Boite Valley). The name gained a certain fame thanks to the Olimpia delle Tofane ski race track , the 1956 venue for the men's Olympic downhill run .
Location and surroundings
The Tofane massif is located west of Cortina d'Ampezzo above the upper Valle del Boite and is part of the Parco Naturale delle Dolomiti d'Ampezzo. While the two higher peaks Tofana di Mezzo and Tofana di Dentro form a compact massif, the southern Tofana di Rozes seems somewhat independent. The Forcella Fontananegra ( 2561 m ) cuts between these rock giants . In the west and north the Val Travenanzes separates the mountain range from the Fanes group , in the east the upper Valle del Boite from the Pomagnon train (and the Cristallo group ) and in the south the Falzarego valley from the Averau group . Seen from Cortina, the two higher Tofans are preceded by a step on the wall that forms a kind of “rock ring” with the southeast ridge of the middle Tofana.
summit
The massif essentially consists of the three three- thousand-meter peaks, all of which are popular tour destinations. All three rank among the ten highest peaks in the Dolomites .
- The Tofana di Mezzo (also Tofana II ), located in the middle, is the highest of the three Tofans with a height of 3244 m and at the same time the third highest mountain in the Dolomites after the Marmolada ( 3343 m ) and the Antelao ( 3264 m ).
- The Tofana di Dentro (rear Tofana, also Tofana III ) has a summit height of 3238 m slm and forms the northernmost of the three rock giants.
- The Tofana di Rozes (front Tofana, also Tofana I ) is 3225 m slm high and especially known for its imposing south face ( Tofana Sud ).
geology
As early as 1873, Hermann Loretz dealt geologically with the area around the Tofane. Johann August Georg Edmund Mojsisovics von Mojsvar delivered with his work to the dolomite - reefs (1879) other important information that Leopold Kober depth 1908th
The Tofane be made powerful Triassic Hauptdolomit ( roof stone dolomite established), the slightly north incident . In the summit areas it is covered by Jurassic limestone (formerly known as lias ). The ridge between Tofana II and III provides good insights into the sequence of layers and reveals Neokom and the Upper Jurassic , while older rocks such as sandstones , marl limestone and tuff emerge in the lowest areas , forming a striking green band. The complex of Tofana II and III will also be of a west about battered fold embossed, whose thickness, however, only comprises the top 200 meters. This tectonic fault continues to the south . On the south ridge of Tofana II, the Bus de Tofana is one of the largest rock windows in the Alps.
history
The first ascents of the three peaks took place one after the other between 1863 and 1865. Paul Grohmann and various guides first climbed the Tofana di Mezzo (1863), then the Tofana di Rozes (1864) and finally the Tofana di Fuori (1865), all from Cortina out. From a mountaineering perspective, the south face of the Tofana di Rozes was of particular interest, which was first climbed in 1901 by Ilona and Rolanda von Eötvös with guides.
During the First World War , the Tofane formed one of the centers of the First Dolomite Offensive . The Italian Alpini occupied the peaks of Tofana II and Tofana III in July 1915 and tried to conquer the Austro-Hungarian barrier in the Travenanzestal from there. The Tofana I was again briefly captured by hunters of the German Alpine Corps . War relics such as tunnels and dilapidated positions still bear witness to the bitter fighting.
With the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, mass tourism first found its way into the area. While the ski areas with the Olimpia delle Tofane, which is still used today as a World Cup run , were built on the eastern slope of Tofana di Mezzo / Dentro, the top was spared until the Freccia nel cielo (German: Himmelspfeil ) cable car was built in 1971. Before that, several via ferrata had already been laid, which are now very popular, including the via ferrata Giuseppe Olivieri on the middle Tofana (1957), the via ferrata Giovanni Lipella on the Tofana di Rozes (1967) and the via ferrata Formenton on the Tofana di Dentro.
bases
For ascent projects in the Tofane area, there are numerous shelters in the vicinity .
- Rifugio Angelo Dibona ( 2083 m )
- Rifugio Camillo Giussani ( 2580 m , CAI )
- Rifugio Cima Tofana (approx. 3195 m ) at the cable car mountain station
- Rifugio Col Druscié ( 1779 m )
- Rifugio Duca d'Aosta ( 2098 m )
- Rifugio Pomedes ( 2303 m )
- Rifugio Ra Valles ( 2470 m ) at the cable car middle station
- Bivacco Baracca degli Alpini ( 2922 m )
no longer managed or expired
- Rifugio Cantore ( 2542 m )
- Wolf-Glanvell-Hütte ( 2065 m ) in the Travenanzestal, built in 1907 and destroyed in 1915
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Leopold Kober : The Dachstein Limestone Mountains between Gader, Rienz and Boita. In: Mitteilungen der Geologische Gesellschaft in Wien , Volume 1, 1908, pp. 203–247. ISSN 0072-1123. [1] (PDF; 3.42 MB)
- ^ Maria M. Ogilvie Gordon : Geology of Cortina d'Ampezzo and Cadore. In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute, 84th volume, Vienna 1934, pp. 59–218. ISSN 0016-7800. [2] (PDF; 12.6 MB)
- ↑ Richard Goedeke & Hans Kammerer : 3000er der Dolomiten. The normal ways. J. Berg Verlag , Munich 1993, pp. 126-130. ISBN 978-3-7079-0606-6 .
- ↑ Horst Höfler & Paul Werner: Via ferrata in the Dolomites. With the Vicentine Alps, Brenta and Lake Garda mountains. Bergverlag Rother , Munich 2000, pp. 110-115. ISBN 3-7633-3096-8 .