Viktualienmarkt
The Viktualienmarkt is a permanent market for food (also outdated Viktualien ) in the old town of Munich . It has taken place every day since 1807, except on Sundays and public holidays. The appearance of the area, which is over two hectares in size, is characterized by fixed stalls, some with large displays . There are also some seasonally different flying stands. The market stalls are arranged in several sections around a beer garden . The area is also characterized by Munich's central maypole and several fountains. There is also another, smaller Viktualienmarkt in Munich's Pasing district .
Surname
The word Viktualienmarkt is derived from Viktualien (food). Originally the market was called “green market”, or simply market place. The term Viktualienmarkt came in the 19th century on, when it in the educated middle class was fashionable to German terms latinisieren .
history
The Viktualienmarkt at today's location arose from the relocation of the old Munich city market on Schrannenplatz , today's Marienplatz , which had become too small as a trading place for grain and other agricultural products. Therefore, on May 2, 1807, King Max I Joseph ordered part of the market to be relocated to the area between Heilig-Geist-Kirche and Frauenstrasse and ordered the magistrate to demolish the Heiliggeist charity houses acquired by the city.
This central market had to be expanded significantly as early as 1823 to 1829. In 1885 the old Heilig-Geist-Spital was demolished and the Heilig-Geist-Kirche was extended to the west. This gave the market and town a new face. At the southern end of Blumenstrasse, the elongated Schrannenhalle , the forerunner of today's wholesale market hall , was built in 1852, right next to the former city wall, which burned down in part in 1932 and has been in operation again since 2005. In 1855 the fish market was relocated to Westenriederstrasse. There have been fixed stands since 1870 - before that, the sales spaces were reassigned every day. In the course of time, the market has seen many additions, such as a bank butcher's hall, a hall for selling tripe , bread shops, shops and pavilions for selling fruit as well as a separate hall for North Sea fishing . The Petersbergl butchers , the poultry and venison dealers and the flower women expanded. In 1890 the Viktualienmarkt had reached its present size.
During the Second World War , the square was badly damaged in air raids. It was considered to give up the market completely and to build high-rise buildings on this valuable land in a prime location, but the city administration brought the Viktualienmarkt back to life at considerable financial expense.
From 1953, Munich citizens enriched the square with a memorial fountain for the folk singers and comedians Liesl Karlstadt , Karl Valentin and Weiß Ferdl . Wells for Ida Schumacher , Elise Aulinger and Roider Jackl were added later. The plans from the 1960s for an urban freeway running right next to the market did not materialize. In 1969, in the run-up to the 1972 Summer Olympics, the market, the Standl (Bavarian for market stalls) and the Petersbergl were completely refurbished and renovated. As part of this campaign, the cellars in Section V were built.
Since the 1950s, the Viktualienmarkt has developed into a gourmet market. On an area of 22,000 square meters, it is now home to 140 companies that offer bread, flowers, fruit, fish, meat, dairy products , juices, handicrafts and much more. Today it is both a market for Munich residents and a sight for tourists.
In 2007 the 200th anniversary of the market was celebrated with many events and campaigns.
Viktualienmarkt 1900
Viktualienmarkt around 1930
Viktualienmarkt in the mid or late 1950s
Viktualienmarkt 2006 as seen from Sankt-Peter
Departments
The Viktualienmarkt is divided into seven sections:
Department I.
This area is characterized by the “fruit free market”, in which seven traders (always the same) rotate weekly with umbrella stands, the cheese and game traders and a small fountain.
Department II
This department bordering on the Schrannenhalle consists mainly of the “Café Nymphenburg”, the fruit growers and the Karl-Valentin-Brunnen. The transition from the Viktualienmarkt to the Schrannenhalle was redesigned in the course of the new construction of the Schrannenhalle.
Department III
Here the stalls form an inner courtyard with a small fountain. At home here are the potato traders, the “soup kitchen”, the “Exoten Müller” and the “Bäckerliesl” (real name Elisabeth Forstner) with over 90 years of age, the oldest trader on the market, who died in April 2020 at the age of 95.
Department IV
The maypole , the Liesl-Karlstadt-Brunnen and the beer garden with around 1000 seats form the center of the market. Since the city did not want to give preference to any of the Munich breweries when awarding the beer garden, a compromise was found: each of the breweries alternately supplies the beer garden and the beer is served in neutral mugs, and the bar indicates which beer is currently being served. The deliveries are made by the Verein Münchener Brauereien e. V. , who also donates the maypole and organizes the brewer's day . Department IV also includes the fish hall, operated by the “ North Sea ” and the “forest market”, in which mainly products such as wreaths, palm branches or mushrooms are sold.
Department V
The fifth department accommodates other butchers in addition to the Petersbergl (see Section VII). Under this department are the cellars of the Viktualienmarkt, which, contrary to rumors to the contrary, are normal cellars with storage rooms and not old caverns or catacombs . In departments I, II, III and VI there are no or only very small cellars, as some of Munich's old city streams flow underground there .
Department VI
This department was completely renovated in 2006 and filled with new stands for the in-house producers. The disposal station, which had to move from its original location due to the new building of the Schrannenhalle, found a place there and was built in a new form. Fishmongers and a kosher shop, among other things, now reside in the former Kuttlerhalle . Even today there are poultry dealers in this part of the market, which used to be called "Ganserlmarkt".
Department VII
This brick building , the Petersbergl , built by Arnold Zenetti in 1880 , houses the Metzgerzeile, the Café Rischart , Munich's only Kamm specialist shop and two shops that sell handicrafts. Even before the founding of the Viktualienmarkt, the butchers, who in earlier times had to move in front of the city wall because of the sewage , had their headquarters here. The Petersbergl, although spatially separated from the market by a street, is still part of the Viktualienmarkt. Above the sales outlets there is a terrace that is open to the public during the day and offers a view of the Viktualienmarkt and the valley . Until the old town hall was partially demolished, the town clerk's office was partially located there. The Petersbergl is actually a hill. In old documents, the area behind the old open bank (today Schrannenhalle) is sometimes referred to as Dept. VII.
Around the Viktualienmarkt
The north of the market is bordered by " Old Peter " and the Holy Spirit Church . On the western edge there are commercial and office buildings from the post-war period. In the south is the reopened Schrannenhalle and opposite, on the other side of Frauenstrasse, a mixed residential and commercial development. This stretches along the eastern side to the Holy Spirit Church. The southern and eastern buildings were rebuilt after the war despite severe damage from air raids during the Second World War and are architecturally much more attractive than the post-war buildings to the west. Except for the southern “tip” towards the Schrannenhalle and the northeastern buildings near the Heilig-Geist-Kirche, the Viktualienmarkt is separated from the surrounding area by public roads.
Fountains and "streams"
In addition to a few Kustermann hydrants, there are six fountain monuments on the Viktualienmarkt. The water has always played a role on this course. In the past, not unlike a wide-meshed knitting pattern, seven streams flowed disorganized as rivulets over the market.
In Munich there used to be almost 90 Munich city streams and tributaries of the Isar Canal . At the Viktualienmarkt the Fischerbach flowed into the Münzbachl, which in turn flowed under the Heiliggeistkirche. The Strohhammerbachl merged with the Katzenbach, which crossed the valley . The eastern Stadtgrabenbach crossed with the Roßschwemmbach, which in turn poured into the Pfisterbach (at the Kustermann store). Until 1810 there was the Bäckerschnelle on the Roßschwemmbach , where the fraudulent “Loabeschmiede” (bakers) were submerged. Today all of these streams have long since disappeared.
In 1907 there were considerations to build an ordinary fountain here in a "very simple design", which, together with the newly planned stalls of the city, should "serve as an ornament".
The textile merchant and chairman of the Friends of Munich People's Singers and People's Actors , Gustl Feldmeier, took the initiative to build the first three fountains for Karl Valentin ( Ernst Andreas Rauch 1953), Weiß Ferdl ( Josef Erber 1953), Liesl Karlstadt ( Hans Osel 1961), because , he explained: “[...] this is where Munich's heart beats the strongest! [...] ". Later the memorial fountain for the folk singers and comedians Ida Schumacher ( Marlene Neubauer-Woerner ), Elise Aulinger ( Anton Rückel ) and Roider Jackl (Hans Osel 1977) were added.
There are also two smaller fountains on the market that have no famous namesake.
maypole
Since 1962, the six largest breweries in Munich have donated through the Verein Münchener Brauereien e. V. the maypole that towers over the Viktualienmarkt. This is renewed at regular intervals and manufactured by a boys' association from the Munich area.
So far, 13 maypoles have been erected on the Viktualienmarkt, the last in 2017, 2012, 2008, 2005 and 2002.
In 1976, the state capital of Munich donated a copy of the maypole on the Viktualienmarkt to the city of Sapporo in northern Japan in recognition of the city partnership that had existed since 1972 .
Events
Various traditional events take place regularly on the Viktualienmarkt, including:
- 11.11. 11:11 am Mardi Gras start of the Narrhalla with presentation of the official Munich Carnival Prince couple
- Shrove Tuesday the dance of the market women , a highlight of the Munich carnival .
- Opening of the asparagus season (mid-April)
- Brewers' day of the Munich breweries (in years with even numbers)
- Gardener's Day (always on the 1st Tuesday in August)
- Celebrity cradles (1974-2010)
The full calendar of events can be found on the official website.
administration
The Viktualienmarkt is from Munich Markets managed a proper operation of the Munich City Council . Uniformed officers are responsible for the market surveillance.
The use of the market for traders, buyers and passers-by is regulated by the food market statute. These statutes also apply to the Elisabethmarkt , the Pasinger Viktualienmarkt and the market on Wiener Platz .
The dealers in the market do not have a lease, but what is known as an assignment . On the one hand, this has historical reasons, as the market was and is part of the city administration. On the other hand, it is stipulated in the food market statute. The fees consist of a basic fee and a sales fee and are based on the fee statute for the grocery stores. It is not possible to make a general statement about the fees for a stand, as many factors (fixed stand, umbrella stand, free stand, cellar, department, range) result in a separate fee for each stand. Requests for a stand on the market are placed on a reserve list. If a stand becomes available, the relevant reserved will be written to. In principle, a stand that becomes vacant is filled with the same product range in order to maintain market equilibrium. The stands are assigned according to various criteria: concept, experience, economic background, etc.
opening hours
In the past, the Viktualienmarkt was open every day (including Sunday) from 7 a.m. until dusk. The market was only closed on major religious holidays. Since the Viktualienmarkt was the central place for the food supply of the Munich citizens and there were still no cooling facilities, the daily opening was very important.
Today the Viktualienmarkt traders are open Monday to Saturday until 8:00 p.m. at the latest within the statutory opening times , with exceptions for florists, bakers and restaurants. Many market stalls do not exhaust the legally permitted opening times, but each have their own, reduced opening times.
Others
- The Viktualienmarkt is entered on the Bavarian UNESCO state list as an intangible cultural heritage .
- In 2016 the Viktualienmarkt received the Eckart Witzigmann Prize for Lifestyle.
- The market is popularly known as "Munich's parlor". Due to its prominence , the price level is rather above average.
- According to road traffic law, the area is either a pedestrian zone (with delivery times; taxi and regular service free) or a sidewalk .
- From 1896 the horse tram ran on the Viktualienmarkt, and a year later the electric tramway . Last line 5 (Viktualienmarkt - Candidplatz ) had its turning loop on the market until 1960 .
- The Viktualienmarkt is used, among other things, as a backdrop for film shoots, for example in the crime scene of the same name and in the police television series Munich 7 .
- In 2003/2004 Steffi Kammermeier shot a full-length documentary about the Viktualienmarkt.
- In 2003 the Federal Republic of Germany issued a postage stamp (45 cents) for the Viktualienmarkt showing the Valentine's fountain.
- There is a very well-known piece by Ida Schumacher (who is dedicated to a fountain on the Viktualienmarkt): The Ratschkathl from the Viktualienmarkt .
- The market was used as a motif by the Munich painters Rupert Maria Stöckl and Josef Wahl, among others.
- The dealers are organized in the Viktualienmarkt (IGV) interest group. This represents the dealers vis-à-vis the municipal department and externally.
- On February 4, 2017, the Munich Bundestag member Dr. Wolfgang Stefinger founded the association Friends of Viktualienmarkt with committed citizens , who want to prevent the radical redevelopment plans of the Munich city administration and instead implement a gentle renovation.
- For the area of the Viktualienmarkt, and on the so-called Metzgerzeile, the municipal food market statute (LMS) applies, according to which making music, cycling, begging, alcohol consumption outside the open bar areas and storage are prohibited. This ban is consistently enforced by the market surveillance authorities and the police .
- At the Viktualienmarkt there is free WiFi from Stadtwerke München.
- In addition to the well-known market in the center of Munich, there is the smaller Pasinger Viktualienmarkt in the Pasing district . Since Pasing was still a separate town when the market was founded in 1905, there are two Viktualienmärkte in Munich.
literature
- Petra Moll , Siegfried Sommer : The Viktualienmarkt . 1986, Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7991-6329-8 .
- Alfons Schweiggert (ed.): The big book from the Viktualienmarkt. History and stories about Munich's “green island” . VA Bayerland, Dachau 1987, ISBN 3-89251-007-5 .
- Karl Wanninger: A Munich paradise. The Viktualienmarkt (Bavarica series; 32). Verlag Ludwig, Pfaffenhofen / Ilm 1997, ISBN 3-7787-3292-7 .
- Susanne Lücke: Viktualienmarkt. A gourmet and shopping guide . Verlag Ludwig, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-7787-2118-6 .
- Freimut Scholz: From Heiliggeistspital to Viktualienmarkt (city history in individual examples; Vol. 3). Museum-Pedagogical Center, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-929862-20-4 .
- Martin Schäfer, Anita Höhne: The Viktualienmarkt. History, stories and recipes . Mary Hahn Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-87287-487-X .
- Favorite recipes from the Viktualienmarkt. What the stallholders prefer to cook . Komet Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89836-264-7 .
- Axel Winterstein, Alexander Winterstein: 200 years of the Viktualienmarkt. Tradition and freshness . 2007, München-Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-937090-16-9 .
Movie
- In the belly of Munich - the Viktualienmarkt. Documentary, Germany, 2017, 43:14 min., Script and direction: Stefano Tealdi and Ignacio Lantero, production: Stefilm, Ma.ja.de Filmproduktion, ZDF , arte , series: Im Bauch von ... , first broadcast: 25. January 2018 at arte, table of contents by ARD .
See also
Web links
- Official website of the city of Munich for the Viktualienmarkt
- Ernst Eisenbichler: Viktualienmarkt: Where Munich eats green. (No longer available online.) Bayerischer Rundfunk, June 1, 2008, archived from the original on August 23, 2010 ; accessed on December 23, 2012 (dossier on the Viktualienmarkt at BR-online).
- Market hall fee statutes. (PDF; 500 kB) Statute on the fees for the use of the Munich market halls of the City of Munich. City of Munich, December 14, 2011, pp. 7–11 , accessed on February 19, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Carl Albert Regnet : Munich in the good old days. 1879, p. 35 ( babel.hathitrust.org ).
- ↑ The Munich maypole on the Viktualienmarkt. Munich Breweries Association, accessed on April 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Maypole at the Viktualienmarkt 2017 - it was set up on May 1st, 2017. In: Ganz-muenchen.de. Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Maypole at the Viktualienmarkt 2012 - it was set up on May 4th, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Maypole at the Viktualienmarkt 2008 - it was set up on April 30th, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Maypole on the Viktualienmarkt 2005 (archive). Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Archive: the maypole dates for Munich and the surrounding area 2002 (archive). Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
- ^ Christian Fietzeck: 40 years city partnership Munich-Sapporo. (PDF) August 2013, accessed April 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Figure
- ^ Bavarian cultural heritage. In: The world . December 18, 2014, accessed January 31, 2018 .
- ↑ Prize Winner 2016. In: International Eckart Witzigmann Prize . Accessed January 31, 2018 (German).
- ^ Friends of the Viktualienmarkt
- ↑ M-WLAN Viktualienmarkt. In: City of Munich , accessed on January 31, 2018.
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 7 ″ N , 11 ° 34 ′ 34 ″ E