Volksgarten (Vienna)
| Volksgarten | |
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| View from the Grillparzerdenkmal towards the Burgtheater | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | 1., Inner City |
| Created | 1819-23 |
| Newly designed | 1860, 1883, 1903-07 |
| Surrounding streets | Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring / Universitätsring , Josef-Meinrad-Platz, Löwelstraße, Heldenplatz |
| Buildings | Theseus Temple , Cortes Coffee House , Empress Elisabeth Monument , Grillparzer Monument , etc. a. |
| use | |
| Park design | First version: Ludwig v. Remy , Franz Antoine the Elder Ä. ; Extensions: Franz Antoine d. J. , Friedrich Ohmann |
The Volksgarten is a public park on the Ringstrasse in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt .
history
The Volksgarten is located on an area that used to be primarily fortresses . From 1596 to 1597 a curtain wall was built on the eastern side of today's park , and the castle hill on the southern side in 1639 . This was blown up by the French in 1809 and later removed. With the construction of the Hornwerkskurtine from 1817 to 1821 on the side of today's Ringstrasse, the area came to lie within the city. A park was created in it, which was originally intended as a private garden for the archdukes , but at the suggestion of the court garden administration, the first public park owned by the court and was officially opened on March 1, 1823. From 1825 the name Volksgarten was in use.
Ludwig von Remy was responsible for the concept of the garden , the gardening design was carried out by the court gardener Franz Antoine the Elder . The strictly geometric shape of the paths also made it easier to monitor visitors.
In the middle of the complex, the Theseus temple was built from 1819 to 1823 based on a design by Peter von Nobile . After a curtain wall was razed around 1860, the Volksgarten was expanded by Franz Antoine the Younger as part of the construction of the Ringstrasse in the French Baroque style and in 1864 it was fenced off by Moritz Löhr . The original plan to build a row of houses along Löwelstrasse was rejected by Mayor Cajetan Felder .
As part of the Hofburg , the Volksgarten belonged to the imperial state property and was opened to the public in 1823 - as the first park in Vienna - by the highest resolution and was looked after by the Hofärar (the building and latifundia administration of the Austrian crown).
Inside the estate was a Renaissance - Fontaine built. The designing artist can no longer be determined. Master stonemason Joseph Haslauer from Salzburg was obliged on July 15, 1865 to make the fountain bowl from a piece of reddish Untersberg marble . Master Anton Wasserburger took care of the substructure , Eduard Kitschelt made the bronze work .
In 1872 the curtain wall at the former Paradeisgartl was removed and the original splendid gate was moved to Schönbrunn . From 1883 to 1884 the Volksgarten was expanded, again by Franz Antoine the Younger, this time on the other side. This part of the facility was redesigned by Friedrich Ohmann from 1903 to 1907 . The Burgtheater's ventilation system also flows into the Volksgarten , with an underground passage connecting it.
Actually, the Volksgarten should have given way to the Kaiserforum ; this is where the mirror wing of the New Hofburg would have been . This building became obsolete with the First World War and the collapse of Austria-Hungary . As a result, Heldenplatz is now lined with magnificent monarchical architecture on one side, and symbols of bourgeois republican Austria, the Volksgarten and parliament on the other.
As the property of the Hofärar , the Volksgarten became the property of the Republic of Austria and is now one of the seven federal gardens that are subordinate to the Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management . These are available since 2000 ex lege under monument protection (constitutional status), there were also parts of the plant from Bundesdenkmalamt specifically identified. Since 2001, the Volksgarten has also been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Historic Center of Vienna .
The first version, on the right in the Viennese city model of the Kunsthistorisches Museum (center of the outer Burgplatz )
Vienna, Karlskirche . Balthasar Wigand , 1846 (Volksgarten at the time still on the city wall )
Draft by the Kaiserforum von Semper , the Volksgarten on the left would have been preserved
Garden area
Garden architecture
On the side of the Hofburg, the Volksgarten is laid out in the form of an English park with loose trees in an avenue, while on the Ringstrasse there is a French-Baroque , architecturally strict plan garden.
English Garden and Theseus Temple
Part of the system in front of the Sisi monument
French garden on the Ringstrasse side
Detail of the baroque garden (aerial view)
Trees
As in any kitchen garden, the trees are regularly replanted.
But the oriental plane tree ( Platanus orientalis ) in the center of the garden is outstanding . It has a height and a crown diameter of 20 m each and a chest circumference of 3.6 m. This tree is individually designated as a natural monument ( No. 376 ).
wintry Volksgarten plane tree
Trunk detail of the plane tree
Older and younger topiary, in front of Parliament
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Rose garden and flower arrangements
Between the entrance to the Burgtheater and the Grillparzerdenkmal there is a rose garden with over 3000 rose bushes of more than 200 rose varieties . In the middle of the rose garden, rose beds are framed by box hedges and contain most of the rose plants. Most of the rose varieties can, however, be found in the border of the garden, which is formed behind a row of chairs by several rows of standard roses followed by rose roses. Most of the rose varieties in the rose garden are signposted, but the bush roses distributed in the park are not.
In 2000, an 80-year-old rose bush from the garden of the house where Karl Renner was born in Dolní Dunajovice was planted by the Austro-Czech society in his memory and given a plaque. Today you can also sponsor roses.
Rose blossom in the field settlements
The standard stock on the Ringstrasse side
Biotope vegetation of the Volksgarten fountain
Vase and bed detail on the Sisi monument
Roses under winter protection
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Buildings
building
- Theseus Temple : The Theseus Temple was built by Peter von Nobile from 1819 to 1823. This scaled-down replica of the Athens Theseion was used to store theTheseuss sculpture createdby Antonio Canova . Canova also helped build the temple. The sculpture itself was transferred to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in1890. In front of the temple is the statue of a young athlete created by Josef Müllner in 1920.
- Cortisches Kaffeehaus : It was also built by Nobile from 1820 to 1823. Johann Strauss (father) and Josef Lanner performed here. On March 10, 1867, Johann Strauss (son) conducted the first performance of the Danube Waltz here in its instrumental version, which is mostly known today.
- Volksgarten restaurant
- Milk pavilion : built in 1951 by Oswald Haerdtl .
- Café Meierei : This building was originally built as a water storage tank in 1890 and converted into a milk drinking hall in 1924 .
- Public lavatories : The toilet facility was built in 1884 by the Wilhelm Beetz company behind the Theseus temple and is one of the oldest facilities of this type in Vienna.
Theseus Temple, 1823
Dairy Farm, 1890
Lumber room, 1884
Volksgartencafé
Rear part of the Volksgartencafé, 1823
Monuments
- Grillparzerdenkmal : marble sculpture , erected in 1889 by Carl Kundmann , behind it a wall by Karl Freiherr von Hasenauer with reliefs by Rudolf Weyr , mainly made of Lasa marble , the columns of granite .
- Empress Elisabeth -Denkmal : The monument is an extensive Secessionist plant of Friedrich Ohmann . In the center is the seated Elisabeth statue by Hans Bitterlich . The figure of the Empress was created from a 8000 kg block of Lasa marble and measures 2.50 m high. The statue placed in front of a semicircular wall looks out over a pond with two fountains surrounded by benches and a fountain. The unveiling ceremony took place on June 4, 1907 in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph I instead.
- Raab monument : created in 1967 by Toni Schneider-Manzell . The architecture comes from Clemens Holzmeister .
- Young athlete : bronze sculpture by Josef Müllner (1921).
- At the corner of the Volksgarten and Ballhausplatz , the memorial for those persecuted by the Nazi military justice was erected in 2014 , on an area that was earmarked for a memorial as early as 1936 (and next to which there was an Otto Wagner memorial from 1930 to 1937) and therefore remained outside the enclosure of the park.
Empress Elisabeth
Franz Grillparzer, 1889
Julius Raab, 1967
Fountain
- Triton and Nymph Fountain : built by Viktor Tilgner in 1880 .
- Volksgarten-Brunnen : Fountain, built in 1866 based on a model by Anton Dominik Fernkorn .
Tritons and Nymphs, 1880
Volksgarten fountain, 1866
Fencing, entrances and furnishing
- Burgtheatertor : The stone pillar portal facing the Burgtheater dates from 1883.
Stone pillar portal
Fencing on the ring road
Detail of the fence
Gate to Theseus Temple
Park benches
Web links
- Austrian Federal Gardens → Gardens and Parks → Volksgarten , website of the park at the Ministry of Life (bmlfuw.gv.at)
- Castle Authority Austria - Vienna Hofburg - Volksgarten
- Volksgarten: history, monuments, fountains, roses - Hedwig Abraham, art and culture in Vienna
Individual evidence
- Richard Perger: streets, towers and bastions. The road network of the Vienna City in its development and its name . Franz Deuticke, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7005-4628-9 , p. OA
- Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 5. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 551.
- Dehio Handbook Vienna I. District - Inner City . Berger, Horn / Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6 , p. OA
- ↑ Alphons Lhotsky : The building history of the museums and the new castle . Das Kaiserforum, p 69, Ferdinand Berger Verlag, Vienna 1941.
- ↑ Natural monument no. 376 Oriental plane tree , Vienna Nature Conservation Book online
- ↑ Volksgarten , viennatouristguide.at
- ↑ 1st district - 80-year-old rose bush in Volksgarten , austriasites.com, accessed on January 9, 2011
- ↑ Volksgarten , bmlfuw.gv.at accessed June 1, 2014.
- ↑ Peter Payer: Indispensable props of the big city: a cultural history of the public lavatories of Vienna. Löcker, 2000, ISBN 978-3-85409-323-7 , p. 68.
- ↑ Hans Bitterlich : How the Empress Elisabeth Monument was created. In: Neues Wiener Journal , No. 13843/1932 (XL. Year), June 5, 1932, p. 6 middle. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ vienna-wien.net ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Memorial for those persecuted by the Nazi military justice in Vienna - monument location
- ↑ Wagner Monuments Ringstrasse
- ^ Volksgartenbrunnen in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 29 ″ N , 16 ° 21 ′ 40 ″ E