Oswald Haerdtl

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Photo by Otto Skall (1937)

Oswald Haerdtl (born May 17, 1899 in Vienna ; † August 9, 1959 there ) worked as an architect , designer and architecture teacher in Austria and Poland.

Life

Oswald Reiterer, 1909 (from 1919 to Haerdtl)

Oswald Haerdtl was the second child of Leopoldine Reiterer, née Reichert (1873–1954), and the teacher Karl Haerdtl (1857–1934). Until he was adopted by his biological father in 1919, he had his mother's surname and until then had to say “uncle” to his father. Oswald Haerdtl grew up in Kahlenbergerdorf on the outskirts of Vienna (19th district) in the immediate vicinity of the Danube .

education

After elementary school, he attended the Landesreal- und Obergymnasium in neighboring Klosterneuburg and then moved to the Erzherzog-Rainer-Realgymnasium in Vienna- Leopoldstadt (2nd district) for two years because of poor grades , where there was also no significantly better school success. From his 14th birthday, he completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter in the company of his uncle Heinrich Scheranek, parallel to his school education.

In the winter semester of 1916 he entered Kolo Moser's painting class at the School of Applied Arts . In March 1917 he interrupted his studies and joined the 1st Rifle Regiment in Vienna as a one-year volunteer . He completed his training in Bruck an der Leitha and was then transferred to Bukowina , the crown land furthest from Vienna, as a private . He signed up for voluntary pilot training, but this no longer began due to the disintegration of Austria-Hungary .

After the end of the war in November 1918, he resumed his studies at the arts and crafts school. From May 1919 he attended lectures by Oskar Strnad , and in the winter semester of 1919/1920 he was accepted into the Strnad architecture class at the School of Applied Arts. In addition to Strnad, the lectures by Josef Frank are also formative for Haerdtl. In 1921 he finished his studies with the diploma thesis "House on Pylons" and received the Eitelberger Prize for his overall performance in the course and was the first to receive the newly created State Prize.

Early stage

Semi-detached house in the Werkbundsiedlung, 13., Veitingergasse 115 and 117, built 1931/1932
The “Industry and Technology” room in the Austria Pavilion at the Paris World Exhibition in 1937.
(With the huge photo montage of the Austrian mountain roads.)

After graduating, he did some artistic work. In 1922 he became an assistant teacher in Josef Hoffmann's master class at the School of Applied Arts . Hoffmann's student Carmela Prati (until 1919: de Vittorelli; October 28, 1901 Bozen - May 2, 1989 Vienna) he married in 1927.

As a result, he was occupied with various exhibition designs, which are considered the most independent and best works of Oswald Haerdtl's early period. He found an architectural language that was unusually modern for Vienna, based on the simple element of the surface and influenced by De Stijl .

In 1924 he became an employee in Josef Hoffmann's private studio, which was next door to the master class at the arts and crafts school. The first project for which he is used here is the pavilion for the “ Exposition internationale des Arts Décoratifs et industriels modern ” in Paris. The construction management was the responsibility of Max Fellerer , who was also the office manager of Hoffmann's studio. Oswald Haerdtl assisted him for a few weeks in Paris.

He also used this time to deal with current developments in architecture and art in Paris. Among other things, he visited some buildings and the studio of Le Corbusier and also got to know Jean Lurçat , André Lurçat and Fernand Léger .

By 1933, Oswald Haerdtl was able to build and furnish a semi-detached house in the Werkbundsiedlung Vienna at the invitation of Josef Frank as his first independent work. In 1935 he was appointed professor of architecture as the successor to his teacher Oskar Strnad, who died early .

For the World Exhibition in Brussels in 1935 and the World Exhibition in Paris in 1937 , he built the pavilions for Austria after winning competitions. In these two works he achieved an extraordinarily high architectural quality, and the two pavilions are also considered his main works.

National Socialist Period

After Austria's "annexation" to the National Socialist German Reich on March 13, 1938, he was demonstratively prevented from entering the university. He was accused of employing too many Jewish companies for his projects and of not being present enough at the university for professional reasons.

There were no serious consequences for him from these allegations. However, he operated subtle resistance and had the inscription "Law must remain law" affixed to the back wall of his class. From 1938 onwards, parallel to his specialist class for architecture, he also led the specialist class for commercial and industrial design.

In 1939, together with Josef Hoffmann, he designed the last Vienna Opera Ball before the war. Shortly afterwards, political attitudes led to an allegedly violent break with his mentor.

Surprisingly for a professor at what was now the Reich University of Applied Arts , he received a draft notice and in 1940 had to enlist in the Wehrmacht . After interventions from several sides, it was declared “indispensable”.

The order situation in his studio was bad for a long time after the regime change. Haerdtl dealt more intensively with product designs for Deutsche Werkstätten Hellerau , Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik , Welz, but also for the city administration of Mannheim and the city of Vienna.

In occupied Poland he saw potential orders and opened a branch office in Krakow , which later moved to Wroclaw due to the war. The most important work from this period is the new Park Hotel in Krakow, which is also his largest building. Towards the end of the war, the office was tasked with camouflaging industrial plants.

In 1944, a personal exhibition was dedicated to Oswald Haerdtl in the rooms of the arts and crafts association in Vienna.

post war period

Interior, Café Prückel , designed in 1954

Haerdtl immediately got involved again with the Werkbund and organized a first exhibition in the shop, which was still damaged by the war. With a feeling for social change, he called for the Werkbund to work more intensively with industrial products, both from the social, political and creative point of view.

He re-established the Austrian CIAM group, which had lost its representatives due to the emigration of Josef Frank and Walter Loos before the war. He organized these consistently on an international level and made intensive efforts to establish contact with the expelled colleagues. An important project in this context was the urban planning study for Vienna 's Stephansplatz in collaboration with Karl Schwanzer and Wilhelm Schütte from 1948.

In 1947, Oswald Haerdtl submitted a project to the invited competition for the war-damaged Burgtheater in Vienna , which was given the external appearance, but designed the theater hall as a modern tier theater with good viewing and listening conditions for all seats. The project was awarded ex aequo with the projects of Michael Engelhardt and Otto Niedermoser . However, the conservative project by Michael Engelhardt, which envisaged the reconstruction of the box theater, was implemented.

One of Haerdtl's central projects was the reconstruction and furnishing of the war-damaged representative rooms of the Federal Chancellery in Vienna in 1948. The meticulously precise elaboration of all details and the inherently deliberate allusions and quotes from classical architecture merged into an Austrian, culturally high-quality style that is still valid today.

In the 1950s, the Viennese coffee house scene was enriched by the "espresso style" imported from Italy. This found the strongest spatial implementation through Oswald Haerdtl's design of the branches of the company "Arabia". The design combined Italian elegance with lightness and dynamism. Oswald Haerdtl also designed menus, invitations, vases, coffee and tea cups for this project. The clothes of the serving staff fit into the architectural framework and were designed by his wife Carmela Haerdtl.

None of the many restaurants have survived. The last one was destroyed in 1999, although it should be noted that little of the original was left.

Wien Museum on Karlsplatz, Haerdtl's last work, opened in 1959

Oswald Haerdtl was keen to maintain contact with his potential clients, and it was from such a relationship that the order for the pavilion of the wire rope manufacturer Felten & Guilleaume on the exhibition grounds in Vienna arose in 1953 . The building had a simple spatial plan, consisting of a meeting area and a spacious exhibition area. The uncompromising glass facade, the clear volumes and the masterful handling of the graphic elements have positioned this small building as a key work of Austrian post-war architecture. Like the entire old building, the pavilion fell victim to the restructuring of the exhibition grounds at the turn of the millennium.

In 1953 Oswald Heardtl was invited to take part in the Austria-wide competition for the Museum of the City of Vienna and submitted two projects. One was awarded a purchase; Due to political constellations, the order from Oswald Haerdtl was acquired. In a lengthy process, the building was developed with the Museum Commission of the City of Vienna and opened on April 23, 1959 as the first new museum building of the Second Republic.

On August 9, 1959, Oswald Haerdtl died unexpectedly of a heart attack in Vienna. He was buried in the Neustifter Friedhof in Vienna (group B, row 5, grave no. 9); the grave insists on the duration of the cemetery. Fritz Wotruba created the tombstone .
His wife Carmela, who died on May 2, 1989, is also buried in this grave.

Works

Residential and commercial buildings

  • 1931–1932 Double house in the Werkbundsiedlung , Vienna 13, Veitingergasse 115–117
  • 1932 Hedy Antal weekend house, Greifenstein , Lower Austria
  • 1936 Headquarters of the Social Sisters, Klausenburg / Cluj, Romania
  • 1949 House Bablik, Vienna 18, Haizingergasse 36
  • 1949 Heid office building, Vienna 1, Mahlerstraße 6 (client: Hotel Bristol)
  • 1952–1956 residential and commercial building, Vienna 1, Singerstraße 2
  • 1953–1954 Herbert Pryssok house, Vienna 18, Bastiengasse 69
  • 1956 Mierka house, Mönchsberg, Salzburg
  • 1958–1959 Prinz-Romanelli double house, Vienna 13, Josef-Gangl-Gasse 2E

Public buildings

  • 1930 memorial column for Otto Wagner , together with Josef Hoffmann , first installation site at the outer castle gate on Heldenplatz ; worn away in war; since 1959 1st, Makartgasse, next to the Academy of Fine Arts
  • 1934–1935 Austrian pavilion at the World Exhibition in Brussels 1935 (competition, 1st prize)
  • 1936–1937 Pavilion of the Republic of Austria, World Exhibition Paris 1937 (competition, 1st prize)
  • 1941–1944 Parkhotel (also known as the Osthotel), Krakow General Government , occupied Poland
  • 1948–1955 Hotel Bristol, Vienna 1, Kärntner-Ring 1–3 (various conversions)
  • 1949 Austrian stand at the Paris trade fair
  • 1947–1950 Volksgarten -Tanzcafé (previous building: Cortisches Kaffeehaus), Vienna 1, Burgring , renovation and furnishings, 2015 club disco with bar
  • 1954–1959 Historical Museum of the City of Vienna , Vienna 4, Karlsplatz (increase planned for 2016)
  • 1954–1955 Elementary School of the City of Vienna, Vienna 2, Czerninplatz 3 (reconstruction after war destruction)
  • 1957 Sales and Espresso Arabia, Vienna 1, Stephansplatz 9 (destroyed in 1999)

Industrial and commercial buildings

Interior design

  • 1924 Design of the "Architecture Exhibition of the School of Applied Arts", Vienna, Austrian Museum for Art and Industry
  • 1925 Establishment of the exhibition space of the Kunstgewerbeschule Wien and the Room of Architecture, Paris
  • 1926–1935 Equipping wagons for the Austrian Federal Railways with Josef Hoffmann
  • 1927 Graben-Café, Vienna 1, Graben 29A (renovation and furnishing)
  • 1929–1930 design of the exhibition Österreichischer Werkbund 1930, Vienna, Austrian Museum for Art and Industry
  • 1932 Restaurant Hartmann-Keller, Vienna 1, Kärntner Ring / Akademiestraße (renovation and furnishing)
  • 1932 Parfümerie Ritz, Vienna 1, Kärntner Straße 22 (portal and business facility, 1947-48 adaptation)
  • 1932 Confiserie Altmann & Kühne , Vienna 1, Graben 30, with Josef Hoffmann
  • 1934 Opernparfumerie, Vienna 1, Kärntner Strasse 53, with Josef Hoffmann
  • 1935 Creation of an exhibition on the typographer and designer Rudolf von Larisch, who died in 1934
  • 1937 Grand Hotel, Vienna 1, Kärntner Ring 1 (renovation and furnishing)
  • 1939 Café Prückel , Vienna 1, Stubenring 24
  • 1937–1938 Hotel Imperial , Vienna 1, Kärntner Ring 16 (cloakroom and café), with Josef Hoffmann
  • 1937 Casino Baden, Cercle Privè, Baden near Vienna (renovation and furnishing), with Josef Hoffmann
  • 1944 German embassy in Madrid
  • 1946 Pan American World Airways , Vienna 1 (conversion and furnishing of the sales office, destroyed)
  • 1947–1950 Volksgarten dance café (see above)
  • 1948 Representation rooms of the Federal Chancellery , Vienna 1, Ballhausplatz (conversion and furnishing)
  • 1949 Establishment of the Austrian Embassy in Moscow
  • 1950 Establishment of the Austrian Embassy in Ankara
  • 1950–1957 Arabia-Espresso, Vienna 1, Kohlmarkt 5 (conversion 1950, furnishings and adaptations 1952–1957, demolished in 1999; the remaining furnishings are now in the restaurant "Zum Kaiserlichen Thron" at the former Imperial Furniture Collection , Vienna 7, Andreasgasse 7)
  • 1951 Exhibition design “Works by Prof. O. Haerdtl”, Vienna Secession
  • 1953–1954 Palais Auersperg , Vienna 8, Auerspergstraße 1 (restaurant, winter garden, event rooms)
  • 1954 Café Prückel , Vienna 1, Stubenring 24 (complete redesign)
  • 1954 Hübner-Konditorei, Parkhotel Schönbrunn , Vienna 13, Hietzinger Hauptstraße 10-20 (interior destroyed)
  • 1954 Arabia-Café, Vienna 17, Hernalser Hauptstrasse 73–75
  • 1954 Exhibition design for the Austrian department at the 10th Milan Triennale
  • 1955 Herrenmoden Hermann Teller, Vienna 3, Landstraßer Hauptstraße 88 (renovations and furnishings)
  • 1955 Edith Flamm shop, Vienna 1, Neuer Markt 12 (fashion store)
  • 1954 Arabia coffee shop, Salzburg, Schwarzstrasse 10 (destroyed)

design

Design of seating furniture, tables, boxes, etc., of cutlery, glasses (including for the Lobmeyr company ), service in porcelain and silver, lighting, etc.

Unrealized projects

  • 1926 League of Nations Palace, Geneva (competition)
  • 1930 rental and single-family house for the insurance company Phönix (with Josef Hoffmann)
  • 1932 "The growing house" (competition, 2nd prize, with Josef Hoffmann)
  • 1932 construction of the Kahlenberg, Vienna (competition, 2nd place)
  • 1934 Austria Pavilion Venice Biennale (invited competition)
  • 1936 Kaiser Franz Josef Monument, Vienna (competition, with sculptor Michael Powolny , purchase)
  • 1938 Design of the exhibition grounds , Vienna 2 (competition, 2nd prize)
  • 1939 Monument to Walther von der Vogelweide on Leopoldsberg, Vienna (competition, 7th purchase)
  • 1940 Hotel der Casino GesmbH., Krakow , Poland (competition)
  • 1947 Lido Gänsehäufel Vienna (invited competition, 3rd prize)
  • 1947–1952 residential and commercial building “Meinl-Ecke”, Vienna 1, Kärntnerring
  • 1948 Burgtheater - reconstruction of the auditorium (limited competition, one prize)
  • 1948 Front design of Stephansplatz (competition)
  • 1948–1949 Design of Stephansplatz after the war destruction, so-called CIAM project (competition, with Karl Schwanzer and Wilhelm Schütte )
  • 1951 Heinrichhof Wien 1, Opernring 1–5 ( executed as Opernringhof by Carl Appel )
  • 1955 Ottenstein der Newag factory settlement, Lower Austria (competition)
  • 1955 Office building for the Vienna Chamber of Labor 4 (competition, 2nd prize)
  • 1955 Vienna International Airport (competition)

Exhibitions

  • 1944 Oswald Haerdtl, Viennese arts and crafts association
  • 1951 Work by Prof. O. Haerdtl and his master class, Secession
  • 1978 Oswald Haerdtl 1899–1959, University of Applied Arts; curated by Johannes Spalt
  • 2000 Oswald Haerdtl. Architect and designer 1899–1959, architecture in the Ringturm in the exhibition center of Wiener Städtische Versicherung in Vienna; curated by Adolph Stiller

Memberships

Student (selection)

Awards

literature

  • Art: claim and object. From the School of Applied Arts to the University of Applied Arts in Vienna 1873–1991 . Hg. University of Applied Arts. Residenz-Verlag, Salzburg / Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7017-0722-7 .
  • Adolph Stiller: Oswald Haerdtl Architect and Designer: 1899–1959 . From the collection of the Architekturzentrum Wien (on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name as part of the Architektur im Ringturm series, June 6 to September 1, 2000). (Translation of the article by Bruno Reichlin from the Italian: Erika Stiller Lanz). Pustet, Salzburg 2000, ISBN 3-7025-0402-8 .
  • Johannes Spalt: Oswald Haerdtl: 1899–1959. Ed .: University of Applied Arts, Vienna 1978, DNB 790677482 .

Web links

Commons : Oswald Haerdtl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lillian Langseth-Christensen : A Design for Living.
  2. ↑ Prof. Oswald Haerdtl: "Our Paris Pavilion ..." The history of 79 working days .. In:  Die Bühne , born in 1937, issue 452/1937, p. 2, center right. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bue
  3. ^ Report in the daily Arbeiter-Zeitung , Vienna, No. 185, August 12, 1959, p. 6
  4. ^ Exhibition catalog: Cubism - Constructivism - Form Art . Belvedere, Vienna 2016, p. 91.
  5. ↑ On the page Friedhöfe Wien / Online Services / Search for the dead she is listed as “Maria Cornelia Haerdtl”.
  6. ^ Entry on the website of the gastronomy magazine Falstaff , Vienna
  7. ^ Entry of the school on their website
  8. ↑ website
  9. ↑ Cited by Felix Czeike in the Historisches Lexikon Wien, Volume 3, p. 19, without further references.
personal data
SURNAME Haerdtl, Oswald
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian architect and designer
DATE OF BIRTH May 17, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH August 9, 1959
Place of death Vienna