Weidenhof (Frankfurt am Main)

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Guest card of the Weidenhof, around 1770 ( copper engraving )
Position of the building (blue marking top left) in downtown Frankfurt ( chromolithography , 1904)

The Weidenhof was the oldest inn on the Zeil in what is now the inner city of Frankfurt am Main . The street address after the quarter numbering established during the Seven Years War was D34 ; after the house numbers were introduced in 1847, this would have corresponded to line 68 , after the renumbering in 1911, which is still valid today, line 118 .

Mentioned for the first time at the beginning of the 17th century and rebuilt shortly afterwards, the building was one of the first hotel addresses in the city in the 18th century at the latest when it was taken over by Friedrich Georg Göthe , Johann Wolfgang Goethe's grandfather . In the 19th century, the hotel in the Weidenhof went out due to the change of the Zeil to a shopping street, and shortly afterwards the building had to give way to a new building.

The traditional name nevertheless remained in the minds of the city until the Second World War . In 2010, as part of the recent redesign of the Zeil, a restaurant opened in a pavilion near the former location, which has taken the name of the Weidenhof again after around 170 years.

history

Early history to the new building

The name of the Weidenhof can be traced back to the 15th century. At that time, the Zeil , which was primarily used as a cattle market, had only been an official part of the city for almost a hundred years, because in 1333 Emperor Ludwig IV approved a second city expansion that expanded the city beyond the Hohenstaufen borders in the late 12th century. The latter are still recognizable in the cityscape by street names with the suffix -graben.

The presumable predecessor of the 1628 new building, one house further to the right is the Weidengäßchen, 1628 (copper engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder)

Between erstwhile Staufer area and the new city wall was built Neustadt that today approximately with the district center covers. In 1414 a "Husz in Nuwenstadt at the fehemarkt called zur Wyden zuchen Engel Weisse and Wigand Smydts Husz" is documented for the first time . Further entries in the next decades confirm that the later Weidenhof is already mentioned in the documents. In 1446 a little house was sold by a Johann Eckelmann near the "hope that one calls zur Wyden" to a member of the important Frankfurt patrician family Holzhausen , the summit of Holzhausen , for 28 guilders . The certificate also shows that the “Kalenweg” , which later became the Weidengäßchen , ran nearby , which opened up the backyard building.

The early history of the owner cannot be traced in the further course either from the published literature or the publicly accessible registers of the Institute for Urban History . In 1572 the Weidenhof appears for the first time under its later name in a document, in 1610 there is talk of a "landlady in the Weidenhofe" , which is commonly seen as the earliest indication of its use as an inn. This then falls into a heyday of the city before the Thirty Years War , when several times the number of residents had to be accommodated and entertained on the occasion of the imperial coronation celebrations and two annual fairs .

Probably only the misfortune of an early host of the Weidenhof handed down the earliest known new building of the Weidenhof, which was created by merging two older plots. Accordingly, it collapsed, still unfinished, on September 28, 1628, because the responsible master masons had laid out the vaults of the cellar too weakly. The further tradition that the rebuilding of the vaults alone - at the expense of the craftsmen - required the then significant sum of 2,000 guilders, shows that it must have been a larger building. For comparison: around 3,000 guilders had been paid in 1588 for the dilapidated predecessor building of the famous Goldene Waage community center , in what was then the best location on the corner of the main commercial street Markt and Dom .

The era of Goethe

Johann Caspar Goethe, born in 1710 in the second marriage of his father, who worked as an innkeeper, enabled the wealth he had earned with the Weidenhof to advance in society ( watercolor )

There is no record of who was the client in 1628. The owner's history only becomes clear from the end of the 17th century: According to a regest from the Institute for City History, Margaretha Elisabetha , the wife of the trader Johann Erasmus Epstein , and Adelburgis , wife of the lawyer Johann Christian Itter , sold the Weidenhof for on December 3, 1681 10,750 guilders to the host Johann Schellhorn and his wife Anna Maria . However, the information does not reveal whether Schellhorn had previously leased and operated the Weidenhof, or whether it has only now taken it over.

Schellhorn's wife must have died only a few years later, because he married again on June 11, 1688. He took 20-year-old Anna Kornelia Walther , daughter of master tailor Georg Walther and his wife Margaretha Streng, as his wife . In the meantime, the tailor's apprentice Friedrich Georg Göthé , as he wrote to himself because of his time in France , had come to the city on his wanderings. On April 18, 1687, through the marriage of Anna Elisabeth Lutz , the daughter of master tailor Sebastian Lutz , he gained citizenship as a master tailor in Frankfurt am Main .

Göthé's wife died on August 6, 1700, and Schellhorn left his wife as a young widow with his death on September 16, 1704. Both married on May 4, 1705, whereby the Weidenhof came into the marriage as a conditional property. Despite great success, Göthé gave up tailoring - in 1704 he had a fortune of 15,000 guilders and more, i.e. the maximum tax rate stated - and from then on devoted himself entirely to the inn. His years in France and his field of work in women's tailoring, which, despite his simple origins, had taught him the necessary manners, may have been the reason why he quickly developed the Weidenhof into great bloom.

When Friedrich Georg Göthé died on February 10, 1730 after a 25-year marriage that had only brought the couple an older child, Johann Caspar Goethe , after deducting all liabilities, he left behind a fortune of around 65,000 guilders, which was considerable for the time. This enabled his family, and a generation later their most famous offspring, Johann Wolfgang Goethe , to live a life of largely financial independence. Nevertheless, his widow continued to run the Weidenhof for a few years with the help of her stepson Johann Michael Goethe . After he died on March 4, 1733, she sold the building in 1735 to Kaspar Jakob Petsch and his wife Magdalena Sibylle .

Further history and decline

Trilingual advertisement for the Weidenhof, which was converted in the Louis Seize style, 1782 ( copper engraving )

Kaspar Jakob Petsch died on May 4, 1744, his widow brought the Weidenhof into a second marriage, which she concluded on October 21, 1745 with the citizen and trader Ehrenfried Grunelius . Magdalena Sibylle was to survive her second husband, however, and so she sold the Weidenhof a month before her on May 16, 1761 to Johann Wolfgang Vogelhuber and his fiancée, Katharina Elisabetha Kayser .

In order to make the change of ownership clear to the outside world and to modernize the appearance, Vogelhuber is likely to have promptly initiated a major renovation. Already on a guest card dating from around 1770, the Weidenhof is shown in the form of the then highly topical Louis-Seize style , a copper engraving from 1782 became even clearer and advertised in three languages, in addition to German, English and French , as follows:

"Johann Wolffgang Vogelhuber who has been known for a long time and is the most beautiful location of the Zeil in Franckfurt am Mayn Gasthauß zum Weidenhoff through purchase. In addition to buildings so enlarged and built into the reputation that he all high lords and other Respective Mr. Reysende with the You can host the most beautifully furnished rooms and all possible leisureliness herewith the honor of offering his most devoted services to all noblemen and other class persons under the best assurance that he always adorns his tables with the cutest dishes and the most proper service with all kinds of wines as one will only command them in the best quality and most civil prices will come up "

Regarding the contemporary reception of the Weidenhof, there is no literature from the first half of the 18th century. Thus, only the wealth at the end of life of Johann Wolfgang Goethe's grandfather remains as a measure of his business success. In 1747, three years after the takeover by Petsch, Johann Bernhard Müller provided in his description of the current state of the free imperial, electoral and commercial city of Franckfurt am Mayn , published in 1747, a list of 25 entries of the "most distinguished guest courts" - in it is one of three on the Zeil the Weidenhof. In 1749, a guide to the “merchandise” of the city named the Weidenhof as important because it was a fixed arrival and departure station for the country coach to Coburg via Würzburg . Representative of the conditions in the city in the second half of the 18th century are three other large city descriptions from the 1780s, which, however, do not provide any further mention in the case of the Weidenhof.

North side of the western Zeil from the Red House to the Weidenhof, 1793 ( oil painting by Johann Ludwig Ernst Morgenstern )

Vogelhuber probably died around 1790 because, according to literary tradition, his son-in-law, Johann Karl Schnerr , bought the inn on January 20, 1792 from his heirs. One of his first measures was likely to have been a classicistic redesign and expansion of the building, which can only be proven with a few illustrations and, following these, can be narrowed down to roughly the period between 1793 and 1818. In the first year mentioned, the painting North Side of the Western Zeil from the Red House to the Weidenhof was created by Johann Ludwig Ernst Morgenstern, which shows the Weidenhof still largely in the state of Louis-seize, but with already reduced roof structures. Shortly before 1818, Anton Radl created a painting of the Zeil, after which Christian Haldenwang made an engraving, which then depicts the building in an even more modified form, i.e. with an additional third floor.

View of the Zeil to the east, the Weidenhof is the building on the far left, 1825 ( copper engraving by Christian Haldenwang based on a template by Anton Radl )

Schnerr maintained the converted Weidenhof mainly as a carter's hostel until the 1830s. In 1834 he sold it on to Ernst Friedrich von Dörnberg , who was the general post director and head of the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post operated from Frankfurt am Main . At the time, the company was looking for new business premises, as the headquarters of the mail department had been in the now too small house D212 (line 31 or now 99 ) since 1766 . At that time, the star of the Weidenhof had already sunk very far, so it says:

“[...] and because the city was of the opinion that the post should be moved to this house, they were happy about it because they believed that now the carter park, which always keeps on the line of this house, the many Goods, barrels and bales and the smell of cheese and other things will disappear. [...] "

Contrary to these hopes, however, it turned out shortly after the purchase that the building could not meet the new requirements, which is why Thurn und Taxis chose the Red House on the Zeil, a little further west, as the new headquarters . In 1843 the Weidenhof, like its neighboring house to the west, D35 (Zeil 70 or today 120 ) was demolished and two new buildings were erected in its place behind a uniform, ten-axis facade with five floors. Likewise, in place of the two adjoining narrow half-timbered houses, D36 and D37 (Zeil 72 or today 122 ), a very similar five-axis new building of the same height was built.

Development up to the Second World War

View of the Zeil from the Hauptwache, far left the new ten-axle building, 1845 ( steel engraving by J. Buhl based on a template by Jakob Fürchtegott Dielmann )

Who performed the new building at the location of the Weidenhof is unknown, only for the D36 and D37 ( Zeil 72 or today 122 ) a master locksmith named Johannes Laubinger has been handed down as the builder . The address book from 1844 shows Carl August André as the owner of D34 / 35 (Zeil 68/70 or today 118/120 ), who ran a music shop in the ground floor shop of D35 , which is also confirmed by a contemporary steel engraving.

Plot-accurate representation of the surroundings of the former Weidenhof, 1862 ( chromolithography by Friedrich August Ravenstein )

This is at least partially contradicting information from address books from 1850 and 1877, which further identify Ernst Friedrich von Dörnberg as the owner of D34. Since the steel engraving actually only shows the music store in D35 and not in the neighboring building, it can be assumed that the information from the address book from 1844 is not exact. André and Dörnberg therefore appeared as joint builders of a building project for which a single, but unknown architect was responsible due to the uniformity of the new building.

In addition, several backyard buildings on Weidengäßchen , also called Holderbaumsgäßchen according to city maps in the 19th century , namely houses D27 , D30 and D31 (Zeil 62–66 or 114–116 today ) were preserved when the front building was rebuilt. Her affiliation with the Weidenhof is unclear. According to address books from 1844 and 1850, at least D31 (Zeil 66 or today 116 ) was still in the possession of Ernst Friedrich von Dörnberg , which indicates that it was part of the Weidenhof that Dörnberg had acquired as a whole. In addition, plans from the 19th century, like Zeil 68 or today 118, color it as part of the other post office buildings or even continue to refer to it as “Weidenhof”.

There is no literary tradition whatsoever for this building; the Institute for City History has an anonymous watercolor from 1860, which presumably shows the view from the upper floors of Zeil 66 and today 116 of the shared backyard with Zeil 62 and today 114. In 1877 it no longer belonged to Dörnberg, but according to the address book to August Osterrieth , a Frankfurt publisher who ran a lithographic printing company there. How long the building remained is unknown, the latest when it was due to leave is World War II .

House Minerva from the southwest, left the gate to Weidengäßchen, around 1905

In the further course of the 19th century, the Café Mozart in the front building in Zeil 70 or today 118 became important, while the Café Milani in Zeil 72 or today 120 was even more important as a meeting point for the faction of the Frankfurt National Assembly of the same name . In 1899, houses Zeil 56–64 and now 114 were demolished in favor of a large commercial building, called Haus Minerva, which extends deep into the plot . This paid special attention to the Weiden- or Holderbaumsgäßchen and the last remnant of the Weidenhof in the adjacent courtyard: A richly decorated, overbuilt gate in the eclectic design language of the front building opened the entrance from now on, a sign reminded of the Weidenhof itself .

View of the Zeil from the east, on the left Café Milani and Café Mozart, 1898 (photography by Max Junghändel)

In 1903 the house Zeil 70 or today 120 for another imperial department store of the Frank & Baer company opened a year later , in 1912 the former Weidenhof front house Zeil 118, which is less than seventy years old, in favor of an extension of the same company. The latter, as photographs show, continued to advertise for decades with the historic name of the Weidenhof on the facade.

The two houses have now been combined under a neoclassical facade that was rather simple for the time . At the same time, Frank & Baer also acquired the Zeil 122 house, which was only built in 1902 for the Auffarth bookstore instead of the traditional Café Milani. A year earlier, the houses in the Zeil had been given a new numbering that is still valid today.

In the wake of the global economic crisis , the Zeil 118–22 houses were owned by the Lindemann company , then the Tietz company , which in 1928 had them grouped behind a striking Art Deco façade around the corner at the western end of the Zeil . In 1935 the Tietz company became Westdeutsche Kaufhof AG as a result of the National Socialist " Aryanization " . The bombing of the city in the Second World War , especially in March 1944, left behind mostly only ruins on the Zeil.

Recent history and revival

The few remnants of the older Zeil buildings that could be rebuilt were almost all demolished in the immediate post-war period. The completely destroyed Tietz department store from 1928 was rebuilt as a Kaufhof in 1949/50 on plots 116–120, Peek & Cloppenburg built a new building on plots Zeil 112–114 in the early 1950s . The Weidengäßchen and Holderbaumsgäßchen as well as the information board still visible on direct post-war photos about the importance of the Weidenhof were lost. In 1985/86, Peek & Cloppenburg moved into the old Karstadt building next to the Bienkorbhaus , where it is still located today. In 1991/92 the Zeilgalerie was built here . Since then, the urban development situation has remained unchanged despite some superficial modifications to the Kaufhof and the Zeilgalerie.

In 2010, as part of the latest redesign of the Zeil, a restaurant opened that has taken up the name of the Weidenhof again after around 170 years. Except for the name, the building in a single-storey pavilion with the official address Zeil 104 has little in common with the historical model, especially since it is located at the level of the current MyZeil shopping center and thus significantly further east than the historic Weidenhof. However, the drinks and menu are inspired by its history in some terms.

architecture

Previous buildings and the new building from 1628

The appearance of the new Weidenhof, built around 1628, is unknown. The earliest graphic representation of the urban area, the so-called siege plan of 1552, is too indistinct in the area of ​​the building. On the other hand, the very detailed map of the city, which Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. First published in 1628, however, only an older building can be seen, as this work was based on partly much older models. For example, the predecessor of the Golden Scales, which was completed in 1619, can still be seen there.

The proof of the representation of an older state can provide in other ways: The new building came according to tradition, namely, to the east of the Zeil insertion end Weidengäßchen which expanded in depth to a small square and opened up additional farm buildings, which belong to Weidenhof can no longer be clarified in detail at this time. However, the count of the houses documented between Weidengäßchen and the next cross street, Grosse Eschenheimer Strasse , shows that the Weidenhof must be the neighboring building to the west of the corner house.

According to Merian, the predecessor of the Weidenhof, which was newly built in 1628, was an eaves-facing, two-storey building with a gable roof and a large central dwelling . A passage flanking the house entrance led from the street into a deep, rectangular inner courtyard, which in turn was completely surrounded by courtyard buildings.

The new Vogelhubersche building of the Louis-Seize

Whether the new building, which was built around 1628, actually remained unchanged for more than 100 years cannot be clarified, as no images or references have been preserved in the literature or archives. The construction period around 1628, which almost marked the end of the Renaissance and the beginning of the early Baroque in the city's construction, may have established an architecture that over a few decades could satisfy the taste of that time or could only be adapted to this with pure renovations.

The two copper engravings published in the literature, which were published by the new owner Vogelhuber in the 1770s and 1782, are, in connection with their dating, the only indication that a new building took place at the latest at the turn of the 1760s to the 1770s. The engravings show a ten-axis, three-story building with a two-story mansard roof . The windows were closed with arches with keystones , in the roof with gables . The horizontal structure was made by a protruding, four-axis central risalite with a triangular gable; its ground floor formed a central, wide courtyard entrance with flanking entrance doors with skylights. The axes of the risalits were in turn separated vertically by pilasters with Ionic capitals , the parapet fields of the windows showed the pigtail decorations in the risalit that gave the style its name , as well as the ox-eye of the gable, which is crowned by three antique vases.

Classicist conversions of the new Vogelhuber building

Individual views of the Zeil that go beyond general views of topographical claim are almost non-existent for the 18th century and only become more common in the early 19th century. After the very detailed painting of the north side of the western Zeil from the Red House to the Weidenhof by Johann Ludwig Ernst Morgenstern in 1793, Vogelhuber's new building was already slightly changed at that time: the triangular gable of the central risalit appears to have been removed in favor of two simple dormers in the mansard roof that is now drawn through .

A more radical change is more clear and documented by numerous illustrations, which, although only roughly, can be dated to the period after 1800 due to its mature, classicistic character. Accordingly, the building was largely removed from the stucco, the installation of straight-closing classicist windows instead of the baroque ones with arched arches and an addition of a full storey. This was followed by a flat, traufständigen gable roof closed, in turn, had only one bullet and three roadside dormers. Only the ground floor remained unchanged, as shown by a view of the Zeil by Johann Georg Adam Strobel from 1840, i.e. three years before the final demolition.

Archives and literature

Archival material

Historical Museum Frankfurt

  • Graphic collection

Institute for City History

  • Existing house documents, signature 195.
  • Original graphics, call number 285.

literature

Major works

  • Johann Georg Battonn : Local Description of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Volume VI. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1871 ( online ).
  • Ludwig Braunfels: Small gleanings from Goethe's family news from Frankfurt. In: Communications to the members of the Association for History and Archeology in Frankfurt a. M. Third volume, self-published by the Association for History and Antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1865–68, pp. 454–463.
  • Heinrich Voelcker: The city of Goethe. Frankfurt am Main in the XVIII. Century. Verlag Universitäts-Buchhandlung Blazek & Bergmann, Frankfurt am Main 1932.

Further works used

  • Heinrich Bingemer, Franz Lerner: Guide through the golden scale. Press and advertising office of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1935 ( series of Frankfurter attractions 3).
  • Johann Heinrich Faber: Topographical, political and historical description of the imperial, electoral and trading city of Frankfurt am Mayn. Verlag der Jägerische Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1788.
  • Bernhard Faulhaber: History of the postal system in Frankfurt am Main. K. Th. Völcker's Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1883.
  • Johann Friedrich Böhmer , Friedrich Lau: Document book of the imperial city Frankfurt. Second volume 1314-1340. J. Baer & Co, Frankfurt am Main 1905.
  • Kaiserliche Ober-Postdirection (arrangement): Post and telegraphy in Frankfurt am Main. Memorandum for the inauguration of the new Reich Post and Telegraph Building on the Zeil and the monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I donated by the Frankfurt trading company for the same on October 18, 1895. Publishing house by August Osterrieth, Frankfurt am Main 1895.
  • Wolfgang Klötzer : A guest in old Frankfurt. Hugendubel, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-8803-4493-0 .
  • Georg Friedrich Krug: List of houses by quarters, streets and numbers, with the names of the house owners. In: Georg Friedrich Krug: Krug's address book from Frankfurt am Main 1844. With privilege of the high senate. Georg Friedrich Krug publishing bookstore, Frankfurt am Main 1844.
  • Friedrich Krug: The house numbers in Frankfurt am Main, compiled in a comparative overview of the new with the old, and vice versa. Georg Friedrich Krug's publishing house bookshop, Frankfurt am Main 1850.
  • Georg Friedrich Krug: Address book from Frankfurt a. M. with Bockenheim, Bornheim, Oberrad and Niederrad. 1877. Publishing and printing by Mahlau & Waldschmidt, Frankfurt am Main 1877.
  • Philipp Wilhelm Gercken: Historical-statistical description of the free imperial city of Frankfurt am Mayn and the surrounding area of ​​Homburg, Darmstadt, Hanau, Aschaffenburg, Gelnhausen etc. Kranzbühler, Worms 1788.
  • Johann Anton Moritz: Attempt to introduce the state constitution of the Upper Rhine imperial cities. First part. Imperial City of Frankfurt (sections 1–3). Andreean Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1785 ( online ).
  • Johann Anton Moritz: Attempt to introduce the state constitution of the Upper Rhine imperial cities. Second part. Imperial City of Frankfurt (Section 4). Andreean Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1786 ( online ).
  • Johann Bernhard Müller: Description of the current state of the free realm election and trade city Franckfurt am Mayn. Johann Friedrich Fleischer, Franckfurt am Mayn 1747.
  • Wolfgang Christoph Multz: Some particularly worth seeing merits of salvation. Rom. Reich's electoral and trading city of Franckfurt am Mayn. Wolffgang Christoph Multzen, Franckfurt am Mayn 1749.
  • Helmut Nordmeyer: The Zeil. Pictures of a street from the 17th century to the present. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997.
  • Anton Schindling: Growth and Change from the Confessional Age to the Age of Louis XIV. Frankfurt am Main 1555–1685. In: Frankfurter Historische Kommission (Ed.): Frankfurt am Main - The history of the city in nine contributions. (=  Publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XVII ). Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1991, ISBN 3-7995-4158-6 .
  • Hermann Karl Zimmermann: The work of art of a city. Frankfurt am Main as an example. Waldemar Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1963.

Images (as far as bibliographically verifiable)

  • Bibliographisches Institut (Ed.): Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. A reference book of general knowledge. Sixth, completely revised and enlarged edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1902-10.
  • Jakob Fürchtegott Dielmann : Frankfurt am Main. Album of the most interesting and beautiful views of old and new times. 2nd Edition. Published by Carl Jügel, Frankfurt am Main 1848.
  • Eduard Foltz-Eberle: Geometric floor plan of Frankfurt a. M. u. Sachsenhausen with the immediate vicinity. Köbig & Kruthoffer, Frankfurt am Main 1854.
  • Johann Friedrich Morgenstern : Small views of Frankfurt am Main in 36 engraved and illuminated souvenir sheets. Facsimile of the edition by Friedrich Wilmans, Frankfurt am Main 1825 in color collotype. F. Lehmann am Römerberg 3, Frankfurt am Main 1913.
  • Friedrich August Ravenstein : August Ravenstein's geometric plan of Frankfurt am Main. Publishing house of the geographical institute in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1862.
  • Christian Friedrich Ulrich: Geometric ground plan of the Freyen city of Frankfurt and Sachsenhausen with their fertile surroundings up to a quarter of an hour away in 1819. Publishing house by Carl Christian Jügel, Frankfurt am Main 1819.

Web links

Commons : Weidenhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Krug 1850, p. III u. 107.
  2. ↑ a b Nordmeyer 1997, p. 28.
  3. ↑ Battonn 1871, p. 102; As early as 1332 a house on the later Zeil was mentioned in a document as "sitae in foro pecorum" , in 1348 there was talk of "the Vehemerkete" .
  4. ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1905, p. 352 and 353, Certificate No. 467.
  5. ↑ a b Battonn 1871, p. 116.
  6. ↑ Klötzer 1990, p. 13.
  7. ↑ Schindling 1991, pp. 209-212 and 221-224.
  8. ↑ a b Battonn 1871, pp. 115–117.
  9. ↑ Bingemer, Lerner 1935, p. 1.
  10. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, collection of house documents, signature 195.
  11. ↑ a b Braunfels 1865-68, p. 460.
  12. ↑ a b c d Braunfels 1865-68, p. 456.
  13. ↑ Voelcker 1932, p. 363 and 364.
  14. ↑ Voelcker 1932, p. 364 and 365; Half of the inheritance went to the widow Anna Kornelia Goethe, the other half was divided equally among the surviving sons. These were two from their first marriage, Johann Michael Goethe (1691–1733) and Hermann Jakob Goethe (1697–1761), and the aforementioned one son from their second marriage, Johann Kaspar Goethe. He, Johann Wolfgang Goethe's father, ultimately received 14,430 guilders and 22 kreuzers from the inheritance.
  15. ↑ Müller 1747, p. 232 and 233.
  16. ↑ Multz 1749, p. 26.
  17. ↑ Faber 1788.
  18. ↑ Gercken 1788.
  19. ^ Moritz 1785-86.
  20. ↑ a b Faulhaber 1883, p. 238.
  21. ↑ Kaiserliche Ober-Postdirection 1895, p. 22 u. 29
  22. ↑ a b Battonn 1871, p. 117; after Euler's note at footnote 121.
  23. ↑ a b Krug 1844, p. 15.
  24. ↑ a b Krug 1850, p. 82.
  25. ↑ a b Krug 1877, p. 637.
  26. ↑ Foltz-Eberle 1854.
  27. ^ Ravenstein 1862.
  28. ^ Image in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, holdings of original graphics, call number 285.
  29. ↑ Klötzer 1990, p. 74 and 75.
  30. ↑ Nordmeyer 1997, p. 31 u. 38.
  31. ↑ Nordmeyer 1997, pp. 31-33 and 39.
  32. ↑ Nordmeyer 1997, pp. 33, 34 and 39.
  33. ↑ Nordmeyer 1997, p. 41 u. 72.
  34. ↑ Nordmeyer 1997, pp. 72-75.
  35. ^ A b Historisches Museum Frankfurt, Graphic Collection.
  36. ↑ Zimmermann 1963, pp. 53-60.