Wilhelm Rose

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Wilhelm Rose (born January 14, 1792 in Berlin ; † April 8, 1867 there ) was a German pharmacist , geographer and travel writer . He has made a name for himself in exploring the Swiss high Alps, which he visited and hiked through on numerous trips.

Life

family

Wilhelm Rose came from the learned family Rose and was the son of the pharmacist Valentin Rose the Younger (1762-1807) and Marie Rose (1765-1849) and grandson Valentin Roses the Elder (1736-1771). His brothers were the chemist and mineralogist Heinrich (1795–1864), the medical student Valentin (1796–1819) and the mineralogist Gustav Rose (1798–1873). Two sisters and one brother died early. The nephews were the librarian Valentin (1829-1916) and the surgeon Edmund Rose (1836-1914). He was baptized in the Marienkirche in Berlin .

Rose married Luise Tieftrunk (1793–?), Daughter of Johann Heinrich Tieftrunk . He himself remained childless, but took responsibility for his wife's children. A foster daughter named Marie Schweitzer is known, who married the master builder Martin Koch in 1845.

education

Until 1802, Rose visited the Splittegarb'sche Anstalt at Brüderstraße 7 , which was later run by Dr. Bartels was moved to Scharrnstrasse , then the Berlinische Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster under the direction of Friedrich Gedike and later Johann Joachim Bellermann until March 1807. He was enthusiastic about botany and visited the Botanical Garden on Wednesdays with Carl Ludwig Willdenow . In 1803 he met Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici at school.

After graduating from school, he began training in the pharmacy of his father in the summer of 1807, who died in the same year. On July 30, 1807, he moved to the Hecht'sche Apotheke in Strasbourg , where he completed his training on September 18, 1810. In the winter semester of 1810/11 he attended lectures by Martin Heinrich Klaproth , Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt , Emil Fischer and Christian Samuel Weiss at the new Berlin University .

From April 1811 he worked in the Lichtenberg'sche pharmacy in Danzig and from December 5, 1812 to July 13, 1814 with Heinrich Bidder in his Kummerau'scher pharmacy in Mitau . In 1814 he returned to Berlin, where he attended further lectures in the winter semester of 1814/15. In March he went to the Gladbach'sche Apotheke of Hofrat Johann Konrad Heßling in Regensburg , but returned to Berlin on May 29th of that year due to personal disputes. There he met his future wife. This came from Halle (Saale) and was sister-in-law of a Dr. Schweitzers. He passed his provisional examination ("provisional" = manager and administrator of a foreign pharmacy) in 1815.

War participation

Like his three brothers, he took part in the summer campaign of 1815 during the war because he was employed as a travel field pharmacist by the general surgeon Graefe . As such, he was employed at the reserve field hospital No. 22 until September 1816. After that he had an eight-month stay in Paris until June 11, 1817. There he attended lectures by Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin , Louis Jacques Thénard , René-Just Haüy , Alexandre Brongniart and André Brochant de Villiers .

Pharmacist in Berlin

From 1817 onwards, as his mother's provisional assistant , he ran the pharmacy “ Zum Weißen Schwan ” on Spandauer Strasse in Berlin, also known as the “Rose'sche Apotheke”, and acquired it on January 1, 1819 for 36,000 after passing the state examination (1818) Thalers .

There he started producing gelatine capsules in 1835 , which patients can swallow more easily. George Gustav Pohl developed these capsules further in 1878 and thereby laid the foundation for the United Gelatine Capsule Factories G. Pohl & Joh. Lehmann , the origin of today's Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG.

In his autobiography From Twenty to Thirty , Theodor Fontane describes his time with Wilhelm Rose in the pharmacy “Zum Weißen Schwan”.

Rose achieved “literary immortality” through the writer Theodor Fontane . He worked for him from Easter 1836 to autumn 1840 as a pharmacist's assistant in Spandauer Strasse. In the first chapter of his autobiography From Twenty to Thirty (1898), Fontane tells of this period in a partly humorous and partly polemical way. Fontane wrote of Rose that this was "a grateful material for a character study" and, moreover, a "bourgeois", with Fontane citing a "moneybag attitude" as a characteristic of the bourgeois. Overall, Fontane describes a picture of Rose as that of an arrogant and stingy snob who "believed that the longest cubit could be measured, but would have come up short with the usual inch measurement". Fontane not only described him as such a character in his autobiography, but Rose later also served him as a model for the businessman van der Straaten in L'Adultera and Herr von Gundermann in Der Stechlin . During his years in Rose's pharmacy, Fontane (according to his own account) spent most of his time cooking a couch grass extract ( Extractum graminis ), which Rose delivered in large barrels to England, preferably to Brighton.

Even Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt graduated at the request of his father, also pharmacist with him a pharmacist teachings from April 1838 to February 1841.

In 1845 Rose sold the pharmacy due to increasing competition. Now he devoted himself entirely to his love of travel, of which he published numerous reports, some of which presented or communicated at the meetings of the Society for Geography in Berlin. In the 1840s and 1850s, he also worked for many years as an auditor for the treasury administration of the Berlin Society for Geography.

to travel

From 1834 onwards, Rose often traveled for several months each year, which took him to many parts of Europe, but also to Islamic countries. Only in 1845 did the marriage of his foster daughter and the sale of his pharmacy in Germany hold him back.

He was particularly fond of the Swiss Alps, which he visited numerous - probably more than twenty - times. He also toured southern Italy (1835), Scandinavia (1836), Holland (1838), England with Scotland (first in 1839), France (1843, 1855) and Spain (1847, 1865). He also visited the world exhibitions in London (1851) and Paris (1855).

He traveled to the Islamic world twice. In the summer of 1852 he reached Egypt via Constantinople and Syria, and in the spring of 1855 he visited the reigns of Tunis and Algeria (then French) . He presented reports on his travels to the Society for Geography in Berlin (a very respected scientific association) and sometimes published them in the Vossische Zeitung or in other German-language newspapers. His travel sketches from North Africa also appeared in 1855 as a small (46-page) book under the title Four Weeks in Africa .

It is also known that Rose wrote diaries during his travels and edited them in later years; however, the texts never seem to have been published, apart from his reports in German newspapers and the monthly reports of the Gesellschaft für Gekunde. In the 1850s, Rose also gave public lectures on his first trip to the Orient in various places in German states.

Theodor Fontane wrote in his autobiography very derogatory about the wanderlust of Rose, which he attributed to his urge, as an "infamous" one to do "something apart" next to his better-known brothers Gustav and Heinrich, in order to "join them as an equal". Rose had imagined "to be something like an explorer or explorer", while in Fontane's eyes he was nothing but a superficial and boring tourist who also gave humorless reports about his travels. Switzerland in particular was Rose's “most real playground”, and he always returned from there “with an air of victory, as if something monstrous had happened”. And Rose's passion for travel was supplemented by a second passion, namely “to be able to give his travel lectures in front of a group of young and sometimes very pretty women professors”. However, Fontane no longer knew Rose's later travel and lecturing activities first hand, so that his testimony to Rose's overall oeuvre is of limited significance.

Memberships and political engagement

Rose was a member of the Citizens Rescue Institute of Berlin from 1820 to 1842, the poor commission of his city district from 1826 and from 1831 of the German wood distribution society.

He was politically involved in the democratic development of Germany in 1848 in the spirit of the moderate middle party, performed his vigilante service in 1848, then from June 1848 was a member of the "Constitutional Club", which developed and joined the "Democratic-Constitutional Club" to the "Patriotic Club" from this end of 1850 in Olomouc . In 1850 he ran for election to the Erfurt parliament . Among other things, he wrote articles in the Vossische Zeitung and was part of the "Tuesday (constitutional) society" movement. In 1858 and 1861 he was third class elector in the election for the Prussian state parliament . In 1855 and 1862 he was also defeated in the primary election, as in the Prussian National Assembly in 1848 and 1849 . He was a member of the German National Association . Then he was a member of the Progress Party until its dissolution .

Wilhelm Rose was also a co-founder of a reading circle for modern literature.

death

From spring 1866 Rose fell ill and died at the age of 76 on the afternoon of April 8, 1867. His body was buried on April 12, 1867 in the cemetery of St. Mary's Church. Pastor E. Orth of the Friedrichswerder Church gave the funeral sermon .

Lectures and publications

Lectures to the Society for Geography in Berlin

  • August 5, 1843: Report of a journey on the railway from Bordeaux to La Teste
  • September 2, 1843: Report on the trip through France in the past spring [1843]
  • October 7, 1843: Further remarks about a trip to France
  • February 3, March 2, 1844: Description of an excursion from Bagnères de Luchon to Port de Vénasque
  • August 10, 1844; Report on a trip to southern France made this year
  • September 5, 1846: Description of a hike over the Tschingel Glacier in the Bernese Oberland
  • October 3, 1846: Description of a trip to Graubünden in the past summer [1846]
  • Spring 1847: About hiking in several valleys of Graubünden and the Engadin valley; Report on climbing the Tschingel Glacier in the Bernese Oberland
  • October 2, 1847: About an ascent of Uri-Rothstock on Lake Lucerne in July [1847]
  • November 6, 1847: Via Seville and the old Italica
  • February 10, 1849: Report on the ascent of the Rigi on November 23, 1845
  • Summer 1851: News of hikes in the Sixt Valley and on the Buet in Savoy in the summer of 1850
  • December 6, 1851: Description of a July d. J. made transition over Saasgrat in the Pennine Alps on the Allelin and Täsch Glacier (Switzerland)
  • Winter 1851/52: Three lectures on hiking through the highest alpine valleys in Switzerland
  • May 6, 1852: Report on the Einfischtal (Val d'Anniviers) and Eringertal (Val d'Hérens) in the canton of Valais based on personal observations on a trip in the summer of 1851
  • January 8, 1853: Report about the return "from the Orient", especially about Damascus
  • May 7, 1853: Report on the excursion from Jerusalem via Jericho to the Jordan, the Dead Sea, the Saba monastery and Bethlehem
  • June 4, 1853: End of the report of the journey from Saba via Bethlehem to Jerusalem
  • December 3, 1853: Presentation of a sketch from the last, the 18th Swiss trip, concerning Lake Thun and its surroundings
  • January 7, 1854: Report on the surroundings of Lake Thun
  • March 4, 1854: Report on some valleys and mountain crossings in the southwestern part of the canton of Bern
  • Summer 1854 (?): Comments on several views of Swiss regions
  • November 3, 1855: Report of a trip made in the spring of [1855] from Marseille to Algeria and Tunis
  • January 5, 1856: Submits his travel report Four Weeks in Africa [1855] to the Geography Society
  • March 1, 1856: presents photographs of the Swiss Alps and reports on the current state of the Waldensians
  • In March 1856: Via Algeria (in 1855)
  • January 9, 1858: Report on a visit to the Engadine during the past summer [1857]
  • April 10, 1858: Speech in memory of Chr. M. Engelhardt and his services to the exploration of the Swiss Alps
  • February 5, 1859: Lecture on the Valle Camonica on Lake Iseo and description of his hike during the previous summer [1858] from the Engadine to Lombardy
  • October 3, 1859: Report on the Niesen in the Bernese Oberland
  • March 3, 1860: Lecture on the valley of Poschiavino in the Italian Grisons and the ascent of the Sassalbo, according to my own experience during a trip last year [1859]
  • December 8th, 1860: Report on some valleys of the southern Wallis
  • December 5, 1863: Looking back on hikes and trips in the Graubünden Alps in 1863
  • January 2, 1864: Continuation of retrospectives on hikes in Graubünden
  • November 5, 1864: Report on this year's Swiss trip (Bormio, Stilfser Joch)
  • July 8, 1865: Report on a trip through Spain made this spring [1865] (Montserrat, Barcelona)

Publications

  • “Excursion to Graubünden [1846]”, monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume IV (Berlin 1847), pp. 165–200
  • “Hike over the Tschingel Glacier in the Bernese Oberland”, monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume IV, Item 2 (Berlin 1847), pp. 121-134
  • “About one in July d. J. undertaken ascent of the Uri-Rothstock on the Vierwaldstädter See “, monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , Volume V, Piece 2 (Aug. – Oct. 1847), pp. 112–122
  • “Seville in the year 1847”, monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume VI (Berlin 1850), pp. 191-209
  • “Journey from Seville to Toledo and Madrid in the spring”, monthly reports on the negotiations of the Gesellschaft für Gekunde zu Berlin , NF Volume VII (Berlin 1850), pp. 169–183
  • "From Switzerland. (In August.) ", Originally printed in several sequels in the newspaper Deutsche Reform (September 6, October 30, November 2 and November 3, 1850), republished in Rasch," From Switzerland "(2002 ), Pp. 35–47 ( online )
  • "About some recent literary works on the geographical knowledge of Switzerland", monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume VIII (Berlin 1851), pp. 76-79
  • "The valley of Sixt and the Buet in Savoyen", monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume VIII (Berlin 1851), pp. 182-188
  • "The Saasthal, the Saasgrat, the Zermatt-, Einfisch- and Eringerthal on the north side of the Monte-Rosa", monthly reports on the negotiations of the Gesellschaft für Gekunde zu Berlin , NF Volume IX (Berlin 1852), pp. 134–154
  • "The newest conditions of Damascus in the summer of 1852", monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume X (Berlin 1853), pp. 84–99
  • “About JM Ziegler's Hypsometry de la Suisse”, monthly reports on the negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin , NF Volume X (Berlin 1853), pp. 103-105
  • Four weeks in Africa. Travel sketch by Wilhelm Rose . Berlin 1855
  • "Heinrich Keller [1778–1862, obituary]", Journal for General Geography , NF Volume XIV (Berlin 1863), pp. 146–148

literature

  • Theodor Fontane: From twenty to thirty. Autobiographical . Berlin: F. Fontane & Co. 1898. The first chapter is relevant here: “In the Wilhelm Roseschen Apotheke (Spandauerstraße)”, pp. 3-36
  • Martin Lowsky: Theodor Fontane and the chemist Heinrich Rose [blog post], July 18, 2013, Theodor Fontane Society ( digital )
  • Wolfgang Rasch (ed.): "Wilhelm Rose: 'From Switzerland'". Fontane-Blätter 74 (2002), pp. 28–47 ( available online at Digitales Brandenburg )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g In memory of Wilhelm Rose. Printed by Johann Friedrich Starcke, Berlin 1867. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  2. ↑ see entry under authority data on the entry in the German National Library
  3. ↑ Jürgen Hoffmann: Worldwide success with the pill: If you have a cold: Pohl-Boskamp is swimming on the flu wave , Der Tagesspiegel , February 22, 2015
  4. ↑ “Feel how it works”: Portrait of Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG , Deutsche Apothekerzeitung 2014, No. 26, p. 74, June 26, 2014
  5. ^ Matthias Gerschwitz: Bullrich salt. Brand - Myth - Stomach Acid. Books on demand, 2007, p. 10, quoted in Vossische Zeitung of June 5, 1914
  6. ↑ Fontane, From twenty to thirty , p. 11 f.
  7. ^ Fontane, From Twenty to Thirty , p. 13.
  8. ^ Benno von Wiese: German poets of the 19th century. Your life and work. E. Schmidt, 1969, p. 561 ( Google snippet )
  9. ↑ Fontane, From Twenty to Thirty , p. 31.
  10. ^ Carl Schmidt studies. In: Trames - Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. No. 2, 2001, p. 141. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  11. ↑ Georg Schwedt : From the Harz to Berlin: Martin Heinrich Klaproth: A pharmacist as discoverer of seven chemical elements. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2016, ISBN 978-3-8370-4507-9 , p. 48 f .; limited preview in Google Book search
  12. ↑ In memory of Wilhelm Rose . JF Starcke, Berlin May 1867, p. 14th f .
  13. ^ Fontane, From Twenty to Thirty , p. 15.
  14. ↑ a b c Fontane, From twenty to thirty , p. 16.
  15. ↑ Sandra Krämer: “I don't want to be a poisoner”. Theodor Fontane on his 190th birthday. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung , No. 51, p. 76, December 17, 2009. ( available online )
personal data
SURNAME Rose, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pharmacist
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1792
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1867
Place of death Berlin