List of bunkers of the Winkel type
The list of high- rise bunkers of the Winkel type includes air raid shelters , which are high- rise bunkers that the developer calls air protection towers in the company name . These pointed bunkers are also popularly called concrete cigars or sugar loafs , in English ant hill bunker (anthill bunker). Their construction goes back to Leo Winkel .
description
On September 18, 1934, the design idea was submitted to the Reich Patent Office as a patent application. The patent was granted on April 9, 1938. The company registration of Winkel & Co. Duisburg for the construction of air defense towers is dated December 31, 1936. The initial capital was RM 15,000 . The angled towers, which, depending on their design, offered space for up to more than 600 people, were developed by the company and erected after licensing by twelve leading German construction companies . Each building had to have a reference to the construction company and the construction company carrying out the work. The pointed, steep roof should be a small target for bombs offer and a goal sliding the bomb possible without their explosion care. Only one hit is known that destroyed a tower (on the “ Focke-Wulf ” site in Bremen-Hemelingen, October 12, 1944, American explosive bomb, 5 fatalities). Around 200 angled towers were built. Today, as far as they are preserved, most of them are under monument protection .
Types
Winkel designed sixteen different types of construction. T. were clearly distinguishable. The most common types are:
- 1c: lower part slightly bulbous, roof conical (with or without a small brim), 3–9 floors
- 2a: slim design
- 2c: lower part slightly bulbous, roof clearly separated, similar to a mushroom hat
Buildings
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literature
- Michael Foedrowitz : The Winkel air defense towers in Germany from 1936 to the present day. Podzun-Pallas, Wölfersheim-Berstadt 1998, ISBN 3-7909-0632-8 ( Waffen-Arsenal 175).
- Michael Foedrowitz: Air defense towers and their types 1934–1945. Nebel-Verlag, Utting 2003, ISBN 3-89555-096-5 .
- Michael Foedrowitz: Angle-type air defense towers . History and use of a type of bunker from World War II . CD-ROM, Edition Berliner Unterwelten, ISBN 3-935709-02-1 .
- Anke Kreidelmeyer: The first corner bunkers . In: Kai Thomas Platz (Ed.): Dispargum. Volume 2. 2017. Annual reports of Duisburg City Archeology, Verlag Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 2018, pp. 163-182, ISBN 978-3-946387-16-9 .
Web links
- The history of the angular towers and their designs , accessed on July 24, 2016.
- Air protection towers at geschichtsspuren.de (formerly lostplaces.de), detailed treatise, accessed on July 24, 2016.
- Winkelturm branch of the Cologne Fortress Museum , accessed on July 24, 2016.
- Website on angle towers with a subpage on Giessen's angle towers, accessed on July 24, 2016.
- Website about the angular towers in Stuttgart , accessed on July 24, 2016.
- Image gallery of angular towers in Germany , accessed on July 24, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ patent DE658344 : air defense building. Registered on September 18, 1934, published on April 9, 1938, applicant: L. Winkel & Co. Luftschaffeme in Duisburg, inventor: Leo Winkel.
- ↑ The Winkel Tower - A brief introduction. Bunker WHV, accessed November 25, 2013 .
- ↑ www.schutzbauten-stuttgart.de
- ↑ exhibition "Spitzbunker". In: www.schutzbauten-stuttgart.de. Retrieved January 15, 2020 .
Map with all coordinates: