Ferdinand von Stülpnagel (General, 1813)

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Ferdinand von Stülpnagel
Ferdinand Wolf von Stülpnagel, grave site on the old garrison cemetery in Berlin-Mitte

Ferdinand Wolf Louis Anton von Stülpnagel (born January 10, 1813 in Berlin , † August 11, 1885 in Norderney ) was a Prussian infantry general and Canon of Brandenburg .

Life

origin

Ferdinand came from the von Stülpnagel noble family from Uckermark . He was the eldest son of the future Prussian Lieutenant General Ferdinand von Stülpnagel (1781–1839) and his wife Johanna Henriette Albertine, née von Blankenstein (1786–1865).

Military career

Stülpnagel attended high school in Königsberg , where his father was the commander of the 1st Landwehr Brigade. Already at the age of 16 he began his military service with the 3rd Infantry Regiment on May 1, 1829 , where he was promoted to Portepeefähnrich on May 13, 1830 and to Second Lieutenant on February 21, 1831 . In this regiment he was adjutant of the 2nd Battalion from 1834, was assigned to the Berlin Cadet Corps in August 1837 and taught gymnastics, among other things. When he was promoted to Prime Lieutenant on August 12, 1840, he was transferred here.

In February 1847 his request to be allowed to enter the service of the Schleswig-Holstein Army was rejected, but on March 27 he was promoted to captain , which together with his transfer to active service as a company commander in the 24th Infantry Regiment in Neuruppin . He was involved in the suppression of the uprisings in Berlin in 1848 , where he regained the occupied armory , as well as in the Palatinate and Baden in 1849 . After these battles his unit went into garrison in Spandau .

The promotion to major and the appointment as commander of the 1st Landwehr Battalion No. 35 in Wriezen took place on March 4, 1854. In 1855, he was transferred as commander of the III. Battalion of the 20th Landwehr Regiment to Potsdam. On April 28, 1857 he was transferred to the General Staff of the 7th Division and from there Stülpnagel was transferred to the General Staff of the IV Army Corps a year later and promoted to Lieutenant Colonel on May 31, 1859 . After that, he was transferred as Chief of the General Staff to III. Army Corps , whose commanding general was Friedrich Karl Nikolaus von Prussia from 1860 . A lifelong close friendship developed between these two men, and together they carried out several reforms. In this position, Stülpnagel was promoted to colonel on October 18, 1861 .

On February 10, 1863, Stülpnagel resigned from the service and was appointed commander of the 5th East Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 41 in Thorn and Strasburg (West Prussia). On November 21, 1864, under position à la suite of the regiment, he became the commander of the 2nd Infantry Brigade , before returning to the III. Army Corps was transferred. Here he was promoted to major general on June 18, 1865 .

Shortly before the war against Austria in 1866, Stülpnagel became senior quartermaster in the staff of the 1st Army ( II. , III. And IV. Corps ). In the course of this war Stülpnagel took part in the battles at Gitschin and Königgrätz and received the order Pour le Mérite for his services on September 20, 1866 .

On October 30, 1866, he was given command of the 44th Infantry Brigade in Kassel. With promotion to Lieutenant General , he was given command of the 5th Division in Frankfurt (Oder) on July 16, 1867 at the personal intercession of his friend Friedrich Karl . In the war of 1870/71 he led this division as part of the III. Army Corps in the II Army. His division faced a numerically superior enemy in the battle of Mars-la-Tour , but he was able to hold his position for several hours until reinforcements arrived. This was one of the keys to the success of this battle and enabled the French Army of the Rhine to be enclosed in the fortress of Metz . After the battle, he reported to his commander in chief: “I am where I stand.” He was injured in the leg by a shrapnel and a horse was shot from under him. Until the surrender of the fortress Metz on October 27, 1870, he remained with his division under siege. Only then did he go to Wiesbaden for a cure because of his injury and a rheumatism problem . After a short recovery, however, he was back with his division and led it into the battle of Beaune-la-Rolande , where he carried out a relief attack with parts of his division for the strongly pressed X. Army Corps and thus made the decision. In this battle, Stülpnagel showed a high level of initiative. His orders were to hold his position in any case in order to be able to take in returning German troops. Contrary to this instruction, he went on to attack and thus decided the battle. After successfully participating in the Battle of Le Mans and the end of the fighting in France, he received awards including the oak leaves for the Pour le Mérite, the star of the Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with swords and a donation of 100,000 thalers.

After the war he first went back to his old garrison, before becoming the commanding general of the XIII on October 18, 1871 . (Royal Württembergisches) Army Corps in Stuttgart , where he was promoted to General of the Infantry on September 2, 1873. His task in Stuttgart was to reorganize the Württemberg units according to the Prussian model. He only held this command until December 24, 1873, when he was appointed Commander of Berlin and Chief of the State Gendarmerie. On January 10, 1874, the Württemberg king honored his achievements by being awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit .

Stülpnagel was on 16 October 1875 board for disposition placed under appointment as chief of the 5th Infantry Regiment Brandenburg. 48 and awarded the Grand Cross of the Red Eagle with Oak Leaves and Swords. On the occasion of his 50th anniversary in service, he received the Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with swords on the ring on January 10, 1880.

He died during a beach holiday on Norderney and was buried four days later on August 15, 1885 in the old garrison cemetery in Berlin.

family

On November 3, 1841, Stülpnagel married Cäcilie Charlotte Konstanze von Lossau (1809–1886), a daughter of Lieutenant General Constantin von Lossau, in Berlin . The marriage resulted in a total of seven children:

  • Ferdinand (1842–1912), Prussian infantry general
  • Constantine (* / † 1844)
  • Elisabeth Caecilie (1845–1846)
  • Caecilie Elisabeth Ernestine (* 1846), superior in the deaconess hospital in Danzig
  • Agnes Marie Jeannet (* 1848) ⚭ 1869 Felix von Olberg (1836–1900), Lieutenant Colonel
  • Maria Malvine Therese (1859-1860)
  • Alfred Gustav (1851–1866)

Honors

The 5th Brandenburg Infantry Regiment No. 48 was given the nickname "von Stülpnagel" by Kaiser Wilhelm II on January 27, 1889.

The city of Frankfurt (Oder) made him its honorary citizen. Streets in Küstrin and Berlin-Westend were named after him.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Stülpnagel, Ferdinand von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stülpnagel, Wolf Louis Anton Ferdinand von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian general of the infantry
DATE OF BIRTH January 10, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH August 11, 1885
Place of death Brandenburg