Zwota

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Zwota
City of Klingenthal
Zwota coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 21 ′ 17 "  N , 12 ° 25 ′ 55"  E
Height : 581 m
Area : 21.78 km²
Residents : 1366  (Dec. 31, 2012)
Population density : 63 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 2013
Postal code : 08267
Area code : 037467
Zwota (Saxony)
Zwota

Location of Zwota in Saxony

Zwota is a district of Klingenthal in the Saxon Vogtland district . On January 1, 2013, the previous municipality of Zwota merged with Klingenthal to form the new city ​​of Klingenthal and since then, alongside Klingenthal and Mühlleithen, has been one of the three districts in the sense of a locality with an elected local council. In addition to the main town Zwota, the towns of Zechenbach and Oberzwota belong to the Klingenthal district of Zwota .

geography

Zwota is located west of the district of Klingenthal in the southeast of the Saxon part of the historic Vogtland . Regarding the natural area , the place is in the Western Ore Mountains . Zwota belongs to the Erzgebirge / Vogtland Nature Park and is bordered by the Erzgebirge in the north and the Elstergebirge in the south . The highest mountain in the vicinity is 805 m above sea level. NN the high fire to the west . The houses are located to the right and left of the Zwota river of the same name , as well as at the Glasbach, Schieferbach and Zechenbach tributaries. The Zwota shaped the geology of the valley, in whose valley Zwota stretches over a length of 7 kilometers.

Neighboring places

The location of Zwota is in the east of the Klingenthal district of Zwota. Zwota-Zechenbach forms the middle and Oberzwota the western part of the district of Zwota.

Schöneck / Vogtl. Kottenheide Brunndobra
Zwotental Neighboring communities Klingenthal (main town)
Wohlhausen with Friebus , Gopplasgrün State municipality Krásná u Kraslic (Schönwerth) , Hraničná (Markhausen)

climate

Precipitation diagram

The annual precipitation is 995 mm. The precipitation is in the upper third of the measuring points of the German Weather Service . Over 85% indicate lower values. The driest month is October; it rains most in August. In the wettest month there is around 1.5 times more rain than in the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the upper third. In 68% of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less.

history

Founded until the 18th century

The stream Zwota was first mentioned in 1122 as Zwotawa , the settlement of the same name only much later. The name Zwotawa is derived from the Sorbian word Suwoda , which means something like border water .

The valley of the Zwota was loosely populated in the 16th century combined with mining. After 1537/38 a "bredt und mahl muhl, which is called Zwotamuhl" was built, which Nickel Baumgärtel, the descendant of the builders, sold in 1567 to Adam Lorenz. Around 1610 Hans Gottfried is mentioned as a miller. In the area of ​​today's Oberzwota , Jeremias Pestel built an iron hammer in 1574/75, which in 1582 was referred to as "the new hammer", later as the "Upper Zwotahammer". The current settlement and actual establishment of the places in the Zwota valley goes back to the immigration of Protestant religious refugees ( exiles ) from Bohemia , which is documented after the restitution edict of Emperor Ferdinand II issued in 1629 and the beginning of the Counter-Reformation on 30 forest fiefs between Klingenthal and Oberzwota settled down. At that time, the entire valley of the Zwota belonged to the manor of the Wohlhausen manor . Its owner Georg von Carlowitz created the "Lower Zwotahammer" in Zwota in the middle of the 17th century. In connection with mining activities, an industry developed around the upper and lower iron hammers from the 17th century , as a result of which hammer workers from the Ore Mountains and Bohemia settled, as well as miners and woodcutters. The main occupations of the residents of Zwota at that time were the two iron hammer works, silviculture, some field cultivation, and textile design through lace making , quilting and embroidery. The Bohemian exiles brought their knowledge and skills in making musical instruments, among other things. a. in violin making, with. In 1698 the construction of a blast furnace was approved. After Johann Wolfgang Fischer had bought the lower Zwotahammer from Philipp Siegmund von Schirnding in 1704 , he built the blast furnace on the Glasbach, a tributary of the Zwota. The manor house of the lower hammer mill stood next to today's “Landhotel Gasthof Zwota” on Hammerplatz. It was rebuilt after the fire in 1778. Services were initially held in the manor house. Under the brothers Friedrich Wilhelm and Carl August Mirus, the parish of Zwota became a branch of the parish of Schöneck . Since 1763 the services have been held in its own hammer chapel. In 1840 Zwota became an independent parish. Since the hammer chapel, which had now become dilapidated, had become too small in the 19th century, it was replaced by a new church which was consecrated in 1885. On the site of the demolished hammer chapel, the new Zwota school building was built in 1890. Since 1999, the parish of Zwota has been one of four parishes in the Klingenthal parish.

In 1675 the first inn in Zwota went into operation with the restaurant known as “Hammerschänke” or “Zwotahaus”. It was opened by the rulership of the Wohlhausen manor , from which the pub also obtained its beer. After the Hammerschänke was destroyed in the major fire in Zwota in 1758, it opened in 1770 at its current location in the east of the town. In 1798, wagoners from the Zwota hammer mill, who delivered sheet metal to Rotterdam and Amsterdam , brought several whale bones with them on the way back, which were set up in front of the hammer tavern. In 1836 the Zwotaer Hammerschänke was given its current name “Gasthof zum Walfisch”. In the 19th century the hammer trade lost its importance due to the decreasing number of iron ore finds. In 1848 the Zwotenhammer, also called Hammerwerk Zwotenthal, was finally closed. The names of the fields such as Hammerplatz, Hofen, Eberhammer or Hammerlache are evidence of this time. In musical instrument making, violin production in Zwota was based in Zwota until the middle of the 19th century. After that, the specialization took place in Klingenthaler room in the manufacture of oral and accordions . The accordion factory Gebrüder Ludwig, founded in Brunndöbra in 1844, opened a branch in 1864, which a short time later became the headquarters. In addition to the 300 employees of the plant, numerous residents worked from home for the component production of the musical instruments. Around 1925 there were 18 companies in the harmonica industry in Zwota. In Oberzwota, however, woodwind instruments were produced. The accordion and harmonica manufacturing companies remained the largest employer in town until 1990.

19th century to the present

Zwota, which was also unofficially called "Unterzwota" in the 19th century to distinguish it from Oberzwota ("Zwotenhäuser"), and the settlement of Zechenbach belonged to the manor of the Zwota forest estate around 1771. Oberzwota, however, was still subject to the Wohlhausen manor. Until 1856 Zwota belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Voigtsberg . After 1856 the place belonged to the Klingenthal court office and from 1875 to the Auerbach administration . With the opening of the Zwotental – Klingenthal railway in 1875 , Zwota in 1880 and Zwota-Zechenbach in 1909 were given a stop. The more distant Zwotental station was called "Zwota Station" between 1875 and 1909.

Around 1900, in addition to Zechenbach, the towns of Kottenheide in the north and Landesgemeinde in the south, which belong to the Schönecker Waldgemeinde, were districts of Zwota. While Kottenheide was reclassified to Mulde in 1906 (renamed Muldenberg in 1934), the state community came to Erlbach in 1908 . As a result of the second district reform in the GDR , the community of Zwota and its district of Zechenbach became part of the Klingenthal district in the Chemnitz district in 1952 (renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), which was continued as the Saxon district of Klingenthal in 1990 and became part of the Vogtland district in 1996. On April 1, 1974, Oberzwota was incorporated into Zwota. In 2008 Zechenbach was deleted as part of the municipality of Zwota. Since the merger of the municipality of Zwota with the city of Klingenthal on January 1, 2013, between which there was previously an administrative community , Zwota has formed a district with Oberzwota and Zwota-Zechenbach in the sense of a village with its own local council.

Population development

Development of the population (December 31) :

  • 1998: 1618
  • 1999: 1630
  • 2000: 1604
  • 2001: 1590
  • 2002: 1581
  • 2003: 1561
  • 2004: 1546
  • 2005: 1541
  • 2007: 1468
  • 2008: 1430

politics

Municipal council

The last municipal council election took place on June 7, 2009. In the election, the community of voters (WG) Zwota received 62.1% and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 37.9% of the votes. The turnout was 50.4%.

For the municipal council (from January 1, 2013 to 2014 also local council and part of the Klingenthal city council) the following distribution of seats resulted:

  • Community of voters (WG) Zwota: 8 seats
  • Christian Democratic Union (CDU): 4 seats

The previous mayor, Thomas Hennig, was a member of the city council like the previous mayor of Klingenthal until the next election.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Zwota stop (2016)

The B 283 runs through Zwota . With "Zwota" and "Zwota-Zechenbach", the district has two stops on the Zwotental – Klingenthal railway line , which are served by the Vogtland Railway.

economy

In Zwota there are currently 24 businesses from various industries, including several businesses in the main construction trade and the musical instrument industry. Tourism is also of particular importance.

education

Zwota Harmonica Museum

Zwota has a kindergarten, the Zwoticher Waldwichtel .

The schools in Zwota and Zwota-Zechenbach opened in 1890 and 1879, respectively. The Zwotaer school was built on Hammerplatz after the dilapidated hammer school was torn down. In 1925 the two school districts of Zwota were united. Due to the lower number of pupils, the Zwotaer school next to the church had to be closed in 1993. The harmonica museum moved into the rooms. In 2000 the school in Zwota-Zechenbach was also closed.

The institute for musical instrument making is located in Zwota. It was founded in 1951 and has been an affiliate of the Technical University of Dresden since 2004 .

research

With the Institute for Musical Instrument Manufacture , which was founded in 1951 and is an affiliate of the Technical University of Dresden , Zwota has a research and service facility in the fields of acoustics and vibration technology as well as materials science.

Culture and sights

Museums

  • Zwota Harmonica Museum

Attractions

  • Hüttenbachtal nature trail
  • Knockhof, listed residential building from 1726 with a double hipped roof
  • Church from 1885 with a wonderful bell:

The ringing consists of three chilled cast iron bells. The belfry consists of a steel structure. Below is a data overview of the bell:

No. Casting date Caster diameter Dimensions Chime
1 1946 Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann 1150 mm 700 kg as ′
2 1946 Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann 905 mm 450 kg c ′ ′
3 1946 Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann 760 mm 200 kg it'

literature

Web links

Commons : Zwota  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Zwota local council on the local website
  2. ^ History of Zwota with Oberzwota on www.total-lokal.de
  3. ↑ Description of the Hammerplatz Zwota and its buildings
  4. ^ History of the Zwota churches
  5. ^ "Zum Walfisch" newspaper, p. 4
  6. ↑ Via the whale ribs to Zwota
  7. ↑ The “Gasthaus zum Walfisch” on www.vogtland.de
  8. ^ Website of the Gasthof zum Walfisch
  9. ↑ Operating time of the Zwotenhammer on a website about Kemtau near Chemnitz
  10. ↑ Zwota on www.klingenthal-magazin.de
  11. ↑ Zwota in a historical document from the 19th century
  12. ↑ The Zwota Forest Estate in a historical document from the 19th century
  13. ↑ Zwota in the "Handbook of Geography"; P. 449
  14. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 74 f.
  15. ^ The Auerbach administration in the municipality register 1900
  16. ↑ Kottenheide on gov.genealogy.net
  17. ↑ Landesgemeinde on gov.genealogy.net
  18. ↑ Oberzwota on gov.genealogy.net
  19. ^ Zechenbach in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  20. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2013
  21. ^ Generation change in Zwota , in: Freie Presse from April 12, 2010
  22. ^ History of the Zwota churches
  23. ↑ Klingentaler Zeitung, No. 41, Volume 22 , October 14, 2011.
  24. ^ The Harmonikamuseim Zwota on the website of the place
  25. ^ Website of the institute for musical instrument making
  26. ↑ a b Rainer Thümmel : Bells in Saxony: Sound between heaven and earth . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 , pp. 375 .