Schwetzingen: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 49°23′N 08°34′E / 49.383°N 8.567°E / 49.383; 8.567
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{{Short description|Land near uganda, 187 km south from Frankfurt hauptbahnhof}}
{{Infobox German location
{{Infobox German location
|name=Schwetzingen
|name = Schwetzingen
|type = Town
|name_local=
|image_photo = Schwetzingen Rathaus 20100622.jpg
|image_photo = Schwetzingen Rathaus 20100622.jpg
|image_caption = Town hall
|image_caption = Town hall
|image_coa = Wappen Schwetzingen.svg
|image_coa = Wappen Schwetzingen.svg
|state = [[Baden-Württemberg]]
|state = Baden-Württemberg
|regbzk = [[Karlsruhe (region)|Karlsruhe]]
|regbzk = Karlsruhe
|district = [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]]
|district = [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]]
|population = 22436
|population_as_of = {{date|2005-01-01}}
|population_ref =
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08226084
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08226084
|area = 21.62
|area = 21.62
|elevation = 100
|elevation = 100
|coordinates = {{coord|49|23|N|08|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|49|23|N|08|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Schwetzingen in HD.svg
| lat_hem=N
|postal_code = 68701–68723
| lon_hem=E
|area_code = 06202
|image_plan = Schwetzingen in HD.svg
|licence = HD
|postal_code = 68701–68723
|mayor = René Pöltl<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref>
|area_code = 06202
|leader_term = 2016&ndash;24
|licence = HD
|Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor
|mayor = René Pöltl
|party = Independent
|website = [http://www.schwetzingen.de/ schwetzingen.de]
|website = [http://www.schwetzingen.de/ schwetzingen.de]
}}
}}


'''Schwetzingen''' ({{Audio|Schwetzingen.ogg|listen}}) is a German [[town]] situated in the northwest of [[Baden-Württemberg]], around {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Heidelberg]] and {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Mannheim]].
'''Schwetzingen''' ({{IPA-de|ˈʃvɛtsɪŋən|lang|Schwetzingen.ogg}}; {{lang-pfl|Schwetzinge}}) is a German [[town]] in northwest [[Baden-Württemberg]], around {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Heidelberg]] and {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Mannheim]].
Schwetzingen is one of the 5 biggest cities of the [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] district and a medium-sized centre near the higher ranked city of [[Mannheim]].
Schwetzingen is one of the five biggest cities of the [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] district and a medium-sized centre between Heidelberg and Mannheim.

The city is most famous for [[Schwetzingen Palace]] and the [[Schlosstheater Schwetzingen|Schlosstheater]]. The palace grounds also feature a mosque, the oldest in Germany. Although not functional, it was used by Muslim prisoners in the [[Franco-Prussian War]].


== Geography ==
== Geography ==


Schwetzingen is located in the ''[[Rhine]]-[[Neckar]]-triangle'' in the plain of the [[Rhine]] river, lying west of the [[Odenwald]] and in the east of the [[Rhine]]. A small stream, the Leimbach, runs through the city before joining the [[Rhine]].
Schwetzingen is located in the ''[[Rhine]]-[[Neckar]]-triangle'' in the plain of the [[Rhine]] river, lying west of the [[Odenwald]] and in the east of the [[Rhine]]. A small stream, the Leimbach, runs through the city before joining the [[Rhine]].

=== Climate ===

{{Weather box
|location = Mannheim (1991–2020 normals)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 16.4
|Feb record high C = 20.2
|Mar record high C = 26.1
|Apr record high C = 32.0
|May record high C = 33.2
|Jun record high C = 38.9
|Jul record high C = 39.0
|Aug record high C = 39.8
|Sep record high C = 34.3
|Oct record high C = 28.5
|Nov record high C = 22.6
|Dec record high C = 17.5
|year record high C = 39.8
|Jan record low C = -18.7
|Feb record low C = -21.1
|Mar record low C = -13.6
|Apr record low C = -6.4
|May record low C = -0.1
|Jun record low C = 4.0
|Jul record low C = 4.7
|Aug record low C = 5.3
|Sep record low C = 2.5
|Oct record low C = -5.0
|Nov record low C = -8.7
|Dec record low C = -18.3
|year record low C = -21.1
|Jan high C = 5.3
|Feb high C = 7.3
|Mar high C = 12.2
|Apr high C = 17.2
|May high C = 21.0
|Jun high C = 24.5
|Jul high C = 26.7
|Aug high C = 26.5
|Sep high C = 21.6
|Oct high C = 15.5
|Nov high C = 9.3
|Dec high C = 5.9
| year high C = 16.1
|Jan mean C = 2.4
|Feb mean C = 3.3
|Mar mean C = 7.1
|Apr mean C = 11.3
|May mean C = 15.3
|Jun mean C = 18.8
|Jul mean C = 20.7
|Aug mean C = 20.3
|Sep mean C = 15.8
|Oct mean C = 10.9
|Nov mean C = 6.2
|Dec mean C = 3.3
|year mean C = 11.3
|Jan low C = -0.7
|Feb low C = -0.5
|Mar low C = 2.1
|Apr low C = 5.1
|May low C = 9.2
|Jun low C = 12.7
|Jul low C = 14.6
|Aug low C = 14.4
|Sep low C = 10.6
|Oct low C = 6.7
|Nov low C = 2.8
|Dec low C = 0.4
| year low C = 6.5
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 40.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 42.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 40.5
|May precipitation mm = 67.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 63.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 71.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 50.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 53.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 52.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 55.0
| year precipitation mm = 640.5
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 15.1
|Feb precipitation days = 13.9
|Mar precipitation days = 13.5
|Apr precipitation days = 12.0
|May precipitation days = 14.4
|Jun precipitation days = 13.0
|Jul precipitation days = 14.4
|Aug precipitation days = 13.5
|Sep precipitation days = 11.8
|Oct precipitation days = 13.8
|Nov precipitation days = 15.5
|Dec precipitation days = 17.2
|year precipitation days = 168.3
|Jan sun = 56.0
|Feb sun = 82.1
|Mar sun = 135.9
|Apr sun = 190.8
|May sun = 216.9
|Jun sun = 225.6
|Jul sun = 235.6
|Aug sun = 224.2
|Sep sun = 169.7
|Oct sun = 108.1
|Nov sun = 56.1
|Dec sun = 44.1
|year sun = 1733.7
|Jan humidity = 82.4
|Feb humidity = 77.8
|Mar humidity = 70.7
|Apr humidity = 64.8
|May humidity = 67.0
|Jun humidity = 66.0
|Jul humidity = 65.2
|Aug humidity = 66.6
|Sep humidity = 72.9
|Oct humidity = 81.3
|Nov humidity = 85.4
|Dec humidity = 84.9
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 5.7
|Feb snow days = 3.1
|Mar snow days = 1.0
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0.6
|Dec snow days = 3.0
|year snow days =
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012163021/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Mannheim_10729.csv
| archive-date = 12 October 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Mannheim_10729.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2010
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = Data derived from [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue
|title=Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte
}}
|date=July 2014
|source 2= {{cite web
|url= http://www.wettergefahren-fruehwarnung.de/Artikel/dekaden_jan.htm
|title=Dekadenrekorde
}}</ref>
|date=November 2015
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Mannheim 2019–present
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 7.2
|Feb high C = 11.3
|Mar high C = 13.0
|Apr high C = 19.1
|May high C = 19.3
|Jun high C = 25.9
|Jul high C = 27.5
|Aug high C = 27.6
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 16.6
|Nov high C = 8.7
|Dec high C = 7.6
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 4.4
|Feb mean C = 6.1
|Mar mean C = 8.2
|Apr mean C = 12.3
|May mean C = 13.7
|Jun mean C = 19.9
|Jul mean C = 21.0
|Aug mean C = 20.9
|Sep mean C = 16.0
|Oct mean C = 12.6
|Nov mean C = 6.0
|Dec mean C = 4.8
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = 1.0
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 3.1
|Apr low C = 4.8
|May low C = 7.0
|Jun low C = 12.9
|Jul low C = 13.8
|Aug low C = 14.8
|Sep low C = 10.2
|Oct low C = 9.0
|Nov low C = 3.0
|Dec low C = 1.9
|year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 49.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 35.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 22.6
|May precipitation mm = 55.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 81.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 38.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 63.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 77.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 89.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 48.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 52.3
|year precipitation mm =
| snow colour =
| Jan snow cm = 4.0
| Feb snow cm = 1.6
| Mar snow cm = 1.2
| Apr snow cm = 0
| May snow cm = 0
| Jun snow cm = 0
| Jul snow cm = 0
| Aug snow cm = 0
| Sep snow cm = 0
| Oct snow cm = 1.0
| Nov snow cm = 2.0
| Dec snow cm = 5.6
| year snow cm = 2.6
|Jan sun = 57.3
|Feb sun = 116.2
|Mar sun = 164.0
|Apr sun = 251.2
|May sun = 247.9
|Jun sun = 268.1
|Jul sun = 286.1
|Aug sun = 248.9
|Sep sun = 199.1
|Oct sun = 97.5
|Nov sun = 38.2
|Dec sun = 53.4
|year sun =
|source 1 = ''Deutscher Wetterdienst''<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/klimadatendeutschland.html?nn=540998 |title=Heidelberg historic weather averages |access-date= 13 August 2020 |publisher=weather-online}}</ref>
}}

Schwetzingen is located in Germany's warmest summer region, the "[[Upper Rhine Plain|Rhine shift]]". In summer, temperatures sometimes rise up to {{convert|35|°C|0|abbr=on}} and higher. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Cfb]]" (Marine West Coast Climate/[[Oceanic climate]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=82701&cityname=Mannheim%2C+Baden-W%FCrttemberg%2C+Germany&units=|title=Mannheim, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|work=Weatherbase}}</ref> bordering closely on a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cfa), with summer months often averaging above 21 degrees (71 F).


=== Neighbouring municipalities ===
=== Neighbouring municipalities ===
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The moated castle of Schwetzingen is mentioned for the first time in 1350. It was destroyed in the [[Thirty Years' War]] and in the following [[War of the Palatinate Succession]]; it was rebuilt by count Johann Wilhelm and his predecessor. From 1720 it served temporarily as the residence of the [[Elector of the Palatinate|Elector]] [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Karl III Philip]] (1716&ndash;1742) after he moved away from [[Heidelberg]]. Later on it served as a summer residence of the Elector of the Palatinate and their [[court]].
The moated castle of Schwetzingen is mentioned for the first time in 1350. It was destroyed in the [[Thirty Years' War]] and in the following [[War of the Palatinate Succession]]; it was rebuilt by count Johann Wilhelm and his predecessor. From 1720 it served temporarily as the residence of the [[Elector of the Palatinate|Elector]] [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Karl III Philip]] (1716&ndash;1742) after he moved away from [[Heidelberg]]. Later on it served as a summer residence of the Elector of the Palatinate and their [[court]].


[[Schwetzingen Castle]] began as a simple aristocratic fishing retreat (much like [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]] and [[Karlsruhe]] which began as hunting lodges) and had an eventful architectural history, in several phases of construction, especially during the reigns of the Elector Karl III Philip and [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Karl IV Theodor]] (1742&ndash;1799) who, as their answer to Versailles, embellished the castle gardens with some of the finest and most elaborate formal water [[parterre]]s in Germany [[history of gardens|gardens]].
[[Schwetzingen Castle]] began as a simple aristocratic fishing retreat (much like [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]] and [[Karlsruhe]] which began as hunting lodges) and had an eventful architectural history, in several phases of construction, especially during the reigns of the Elector Karl III Philip and [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Karl IV Theodor]] (1742&ndash;1799) who, as their answer to Versailles, embellished the castle gardens with some of the finest and most elaborate formal water [[parterre]]s in Germany [[history of gardens|gardens]].


As it evolved, the high central Baroque block of the ''Castle'' was extended to either side (from 1747 onwards) in matching curved ranges of glazed arcades that were punctuated by pavilions which followed the arc of the vast garden circle. They partly enclose the circle bisected by a wide gravel axis flanked by parterres which centers on a spring-fed water-basin inspired by the ''bassin'' of Diana at Versailles, but here expressing the more appropriately water-centered Greek myth of the poet [[Arion]] and the dolphins.
As it evolved, the high central Baroque block of the ''Castle'' was extended to either side (from 1747 onwards) in matching curved ranges of glazed arcades that were punctuated by pavilions which followed the arc of the vast garden circle. They partly enclose the circle bisected by a wide gravel axis flanked by parterres which centers on a spring-fed water-basin inspired by the ''bassin'' of Diana at Versailles, but here expressing the more appropriately water-centered Greek myth of the poet [[Arion]] and the dolphins.
Line 54: Line 303:


In 1759 Schwetzingen received permission to host markets and was developed into a [[baroque]] city through the 18th century. In 1803 all the territories of the Palatine electorate east of the [[Rhine]], including Schwetzingen were absorbed into the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] and the castle became a residence of the Grand Dukes of Baden. In 1833 Schwetzingen was elevated to city status by [[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden]]. The beginning of [[industrialization]] in Schwetzingen in the year 1850 made the city an important seat of cigar factories and canneries. Also, the cultivation of asparagus gained importance and has remained one of Schwetzingen's claim to fame.
In 1759 Schwetzingen received permission to host markets and was developed into a [[baroque]] city through the 18th century. In 1803 all the territories of the Palatine electorate east of the [[Rhine]], including Schwetzingen were absorbed into the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] and the castle became a residence of the Grand Dukes of Baden. In 1833 Schwetzingen was elevated to city status by [[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden]]. The beginning of [[industrialization]] in Schwetzingen in the year 1850 made the city an important seat of cigar factories and canneries. Also, the cultivation of asparagus gained importance and has remained one of Schwetzingen's claim to fame.

For more information visit: [http://www.schwetzingen.de www.schwetzingen.de]


=== Population development===
=== Population development===
Line 177: Line 424:
== Twin towns==
== Twin towns==
Schwetzingen is twinned with:
Schwetzingen is twinned with:
{| class="wikitable"

|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]], [[United States]]: since 2012
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lunéville]], [[France]], since 1969
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lunéville]], [[France]], since 1969
||
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Pápa]], [[Hungary]], since 1992
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Pápa]], [[Hungary]], since 1992
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Spoleto]], [[Italy]], since 2005
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Spoleto]], [[Italy]], since 2005
|}
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]], [[United States|United States of America]]: since 2012


== Economy and Infrastructure ==
== Economy and infrastructure ==


=== Transport===
=== Transport===
Schwetzingen lies relatively favourably between the two [[autobahn]]s A 5 (with the junction Heidelberg/Schwetzingen) and A 6 (with the junctions Schwetzingen/Hockenheim and Mannheim/Schwetzingen). [[Schwetzingen station]] was opened in 1870 on the [[Rhine Railway (Baden)|Rhine Railway]], connecting Mannheim and Karlsruhe.
Schwetzingen lies relatively favourably between the two [[autobahn]]s A 5 (with the junction Heidelberg/Schwetzingen) and A 6 (with the junctions Schwetzingen/Hockenheim and Mannheim/Schwetzingen). [[Schwetzingen station]] was opened in 1870 on the [[Rhine Railway (Baden)|Rhine Railway]], connecting Mannheim and Karlsruhe.


Between 1910 and 1938 there was a tramline connecting Schwetzingen and [[Ketsch]], between 1927 and 1973 there was also a tramline connecting Heidelberg with Schwetzingen.
Between 1910 and 1938 there was a tramline connecting Schwetzingen and [[Ketsch]], between 1927 and 1973 there was also a tramline connecting Heidelberg with Schwetzingen.


=== Media ===
=== Media ===
Line 197: Line 448:


=== Education ===
=== Education ===
[[Image:Schwetzingen BW 2014-07-22 16-43-37.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Schwetzingen Castle]]]]

The city maintains the [[Johann Peter Hebel|Hebel]]-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], the Karl-Friedrich-Schimper-[[Realschule]], the Hilda [[Hauptschule]], four elementary schools (Grundschule Hirschacker, Johann-Michael-Zeyher Grundschule, Nordstadt-Grundschule and Südstadt-Grundschule) as well as a special school, the Kurt-Waibel-Förderschule.
The city maintains the [[Johann Peter Hebel|Hebel]]-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], the Karl-Friedrich-Schimper-[[Realschule]], the Hilda [[Hauptschule]], four elementary schools (Grundschule Hirschacker, Johann-Michael-Zeyher Grundschule, Nordstadt-Grundschule and Südstadt-Grundschule) as well as a special school, the Kurt-Waibel-Förderschule.
Furthermore there are two vocational schools (Carl-Theodor- and Erhart-Schott-School) and the [[Comenius]]-School for mentally handicapped.
Furthermore there are two vocational schools (Carl-Theodor- and Erhart-Schott-School) and the [[Comenius]]-School for mentally handicapped.
In the left wing of Schwetzingen's castle there is an advanced technical college for administration of justice, maintained by the state of [[Baden-Württemberg]].
In the left wing of Schwetzingen's castle there is an advanced technical college for administration of justice, maintained by the state of [[Baden-Württemberg]].
[[Image:Schwetzingen BW 2014-07-22 16-43-37.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Schwetzingen Castle]]]]


== Main sights ==
== Main sights ==


===Theatre===
===Theatre===
Line 210: Line 459:


=== Buildings ===
=== Buildings ===
[[File:Schwetzingen BW 2014-07-24 11-31-18.jpg|thumb|220px|The [[Mosque]] of [[Schwetzingen Castle]]]]
[[File:Schwetzingen - Schlossgarten - Moschee - Ansicht über den Moscheeweiher im Herbst 1.jpg|thumb|220px|The [[Mosque]] of [[Schwetzingen Castle]]]]
[[Schwetzingen Castle]] is the city's most famous landmark. Its gardens are also notable, as there are elements of [[French Baroque]] and the [[English garden]] style, with statuary by [[Peter Anton von Verschaffelt]]. Also worth seeing are the theatre, the orangery, the bath and various [[Folly|follies]], including the temples of [[Apollo]], [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] and [[Minerva]], the Mosque (built 1778&ndash;1791) and the fountain of [[Arion]].
[[Schwetzingen Castle]] is the city's most famous landmark. Its gardens are also notable, as there are elements of [[French Baroque]] and the [[English garden]] style, with statuary by [[Peter Anton von Verschaffelt]]. Also worth seeing are the theatre, the orangery, the bath and various [[Folly|follies]], including the temples of [[Apollo]], [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] and [[Minerva]], the Mosque (built 1778&ndash;1791) and the fountain of [[Arion]].


The city hall was built in 1821 and expanded in 1889, 1912 and 1919.
The city hall was built in 1821 and expanded in 1889, 1912 and 1919.

[[File:2010.08.14.133121 Spargelskulptur Schwetzingen.jpg|thumb|right|The "Spargelskulptur" in the main square]]


There are four churches in Schwetzingen:
There are four churches in Schwetzingen:
*Catholic church St. Pankratius (built 1736/38, modified 1763/65)
*Catholic church St. Pankratius (built 1736-38, modified 1763-65)
*Catholic church St. Maria (built 1958)
*Catholic church St. Maria (built 1958)
*Catholic church St. Josef
*Catholic church St. Josef
*Protestant church (built 1756, expanded 1884/88 and 1912/13)
*Protestant church (built 1756, expanded 1884-88 and 1912-13)


=== Regular events===
=== Regular events===
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* The [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]], leading from [[Mannheim]] to [[Pforzheim]] and back via Schwetzingen.
* The [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]], leading from [[Mannheim]] to [[Pforzheim]] and back via Schwetzingen.
* The [[Castle Road]], leading from Mannheim via Schwetzingen to [[Prague]].
* The [[Castle Road]], leading from Mannheim via Schwetzingen to [[Prague]].

== Notable people ==


===Sons and daughters of the town===
===Sons and daughters of the town===
[[File:Franz Danzi.JPG|thumb|150px|Franz Danzi 1817]]
[[File:Franz Danzi.JPG|thumb|150px|Franz Danzi 1817]]
* [[Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach]] (1724–1794), Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld by marriage
* [[Franz Danzi]] (1763-1826), composer, conductor and cellist
* [[Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]] (1753–1824), Countess Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen and Duchess in Bavaria, by marriage
* [[Louis Lingg]] (1864-1887), trade unionist and anarchist
* [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria]] (1756–1825), king of Bavaria
* [[Otto Abetz]] (1903-1958), diplomat
* [[Franz Danzi]] (1763–1826), composer, conductor and cellist
* Thomas Erle (born 1952), writer and crime writer
* [[Franz Cramer]] (1772–1848), an English violinist and conductor <ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cramer,_Franz_(DNB00) Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 13, Cramer, Franz] retrieved 11 August 2019</ref>
* [[Louis Lingg]] (1864–1887), trade unionist and anarchist
* [[Rudolf Louis]] (1870–1914), a German music critic and conductor
* [[Otto Abetz]] (1903–1958), ambassador of Nazi-Germany in Vichy France, convicted of crimes against humanity
* Thomas Erle (born 1952), writer and crime writer<ref>[[:de:Thomas Erle|German Wiki, Thomas Erle]]</ref>
* [[Gerrit Müller (footballer)|Gerrit Müller]] (born 1984), football player
* [[Gerrit Müller (footballer)|Gerrit Müller]] (born 1984), football player


===Personalities associated with Schwetzingen===
===Personalities associated with Schwetzingen===
[[File:J. P. Hebel.jpg|150px|thumb|Portrait of J.P. Hebel, 1795]]
* [[Johann Peter Hebel]] (1760-1826), poet, theologian and educator, died in Schwetzingen. Hebel is the namesake of the Hebel-Gymnasium Schwetzingen.
* [[Karl Drais]] (1785-1851), after the Heidelberg studies in forestry teacher at a private educational institution, inventor of the original bicycle
* [[Karl Drais]] (1785–1851), after the Heidelberg studies in forestry teacher at a private educational institution, inventor of the original bicycle
* [[Karl Friedrich Schimper]] (1803-1867), naturalist, botanist and geologist
* [[Karl Theodor Hartweg]] (1812–1871), botanist
* [[Johann Peter Hebel]] (1760–1826), poet, theologian and educator, died in Schwetzingen. Hebel is the namesake of the Hebel-Gymnasium Schwetzingen <ref>{{Cite AmCyc |wstitle= Hebel, Johann Peter |volume=VIII |page= |short=1}}</ref>
* [[Karl Theodor Hartweg]] (1812-1871), botanist
* [[Rudolf Louis]] (1870-1914), conductor and music critic
* [[Max Ilgner]] (1899–1966), chemical industrialist
* [[Nicolas de Pigage]] (1723–1796), a French builder who died in Schwetzingen
* [[Max Ilgner]] (1899-1966), chemical industrialist
* [[Karl Friedrich Schimper]] (1803–1867), naturalist, botanist and geologist

== See also ==
* Asteroid [[281764 Schwetzingen]]


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Cities and towns in Rhein-Neckar (district)}}
{{Cities and towns in Rhein-Neckar (district)}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Towns in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]]
[[Category:Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]]
[[Category:Baden]]

Revision as of 18:16, 4 May 2024

Schwetzingen
Town
Town hall
Town hall
Coat of arms of Schwetzingen
Coat of arms
Location of Schwetzingen within Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district
BavariaHesseRhineland-PalatinateHeidelbergHeilbronnHeilbronn (district)Karlsruhe (district)MannheimNeckar-Odenwald-KreisEberbachAltlußheimAngelbachtalBammentalBrühlDielheimDossenheimEberbachEberbachEberbachEdingen-NeckarhausenEdingen-NeckarhausenEpfenbachEppelheimEschelbronnGaibergHeddesbachHeddesheimHeiligkreuzsteinachHelmstadt-BargenHemsbachHirschberg an der BergstraßeHockenheimIlvesheimKetschLadenburgLaudenbachLeimenLeimenLobbachMalschMauerMeckesheimMühlhausenNeckarbischofsheimNeckargemündNeidensteinNeulußheimNußlochOftersheimPlankstadtRauenbergReichartshausenReilingenSandhausenSankt Leon-RotSchönauSchönbrunnSchriesheimSchwetzingenSchwetzingenSinsheimSpechbachWaibstadtWalldorfWeinheimWeinheimWiesenbachWieslochWilhelmsfeldZuzenhausen
Schwetzingen is located in Germany
Schwetzingen
Schwetzingen
Schwetzingen is located in Baden-Württemberg
Schwetzingen
Schwetzingen
Coordinates: 49°23′N 08°34′E / 49.383°N 8.567°E / 49.383; 8.567
CountryGermany
StateBaden-Württemberg
Admin. regionKarlsruhe
DistrictRhein-Neckar-Kreis
Government
 • Lord mayor (2016–24) René Pöltl[1] (Ind.)
Area
 • Total21.62 km2 (8.35 sq mi)
Elevation
100 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[2]
 • Total22,062
 • Density1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
68701–68723
Dialling codes06202
Vehicle registrationHD
Websiteschwetzingen.de

Schwetzingen (German: [ˈʃvɛtsɪŋən] ⓘ; Palatine German: Schwetzinge) is a German town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, around 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Heidelberg and 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Mannheim. Schwetzingen is one of the five biggest cities of the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district and a medium-sized centre between Heidelberg and Mannheim.

The city is most famous for Schwetzingen Palace and the Schlosstheater. The palace grounds also feature a mosque, the oldest in Germany. Although not functional, it was used by Muslim prisoners in the Franco-Prussian War.

Geography

Schwetzingen is located in the Rhine-Neckar-triangle in the plain of the Rhine river, lying west of the Odenwald and in the east of the Rhine. A small stream, the Leimbach, runs through the city before joining the Rhine.

Climate

Climate data for Mannheim (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		26.1
(79.0) 		32.0
(89.6) 		33.2
(91.8) 		38.9
(102.0) 		39.0
(102.2) 		39.8
(103.6) 		34.3
(93.7) 		28.5
(83.3) 		22.6
(72.7) 		17.5
(63.5) 		39.8
(103.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		12.2
(54.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		24.5
(76.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.5
(79.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		15.5
(59.9) 		9.3
(48.7) 		5.9
(42.6) 		16.1
(61.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.4
(36.3) 		3.3
(37.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		11.3
(52.3) 		15.3
(59.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.3
(68.5) 		15.8
(60.4) 		10.9
(51.6) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.3
(37.9) 		11.3
(52.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		2.1
(35.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		9.2
(48.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.4
(57.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		6.7
(44.1) 		2.8
(37.0) 		0.4
(32.7) 		6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −18.7
(−1.7) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−13.6
(7.5) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		4.7
(40.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−21.1
(−6.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.9
(1.65) 		40.6
(1.60) 		42.3
(1.67) 		40.5
(1.59) 		67.6
(2.66) 		63.8
(2.51) 		71.2
(2.80) 		61.7
(2.43) 		50.0
(1.97) 		53.0
(2.09) 		52.9
(2.08) 		55.0
(2.17) 		640.5
(25.22)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 15.1 13.9 13.5 12.0 14.4 13.0 14.4 13.5 11.8 13.8 15.5 17.2 168.3
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 5.7 3.1 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 3.0 13.4
Average relative humidity (%) 82.4 77.8 70.7 64.8 67.0 66.0 65.2 66.6 72.9 81.3 85.4 84.9 73.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 56.0 82.1 135.9 190.8 216.9 225.6 235.6 224.2 169.7 108.1 56.1 44.1 1,733.7
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[3]
Source 2: Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst[4]
Climate data for Mannheim 2019–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0) 		11.3
(52.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		25.9
(78.6) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.6
(81.7) 		21.4
(70.5) 		16.6
(61.9) 		8.7
(47.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		17.1
(62.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9) 		6.1
(43.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		12.3
(54.1) 		13.7
(56.7) 		19.9
(67.8) 		21.0
(69.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.6
(54.7) 		6.0
(42.8) 		4.8
(40.6) 		12.2
(53.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		1.6
(34.9) 		3.1
(37.6) 		4.8
(40.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		12.9
(55.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.2
(50.4) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		1.9
(35.4) 		6.9
(44.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15.6
(0.61) 		49.3
(1.94) 		35.7
(1.41) 		22.6
(0.89) 		55.4
(2.18) 		81.4
(3.20) 		38.3
(1.51) 		63.3
(2.49) 		77.1
(3.04) 		89.9
(3.54) 		48.6
(1.91) 		52.3
(2.06) 		629.5
(24.78)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 4.0
(1.6) 		1.6
(0.6) 		1.2
(0.5) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1.0
(0.4) 		2.0
(0.8) 		5.6
(2.2) 		2.6
(1.0)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 57.3 116.2 164.0 251.2 247.9 268.1 286.1 248.9 199.1 97.5 38.2 53.4 2,027.9
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[5]

Schwetzingen is located in Germany's warmest summer region, the "Rhine shift". In summer, temperatures sometimes rise up to 35 °C (95 °F) and higher. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate),[6] bordering closely on a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with summer months often averaging above 21 degrees (71 F).

Neighbouring municipalities

The following municipalities, listed clockwise beginning in the north, border on the city limits of Schwetzingen: Mannheim, Plankstadt, Oftersheim, Hockenheim, Ketsch and Brühl. The municipal area of Schwetzingen is completely consolidated with Oftersheim. The limits of Plankstadt are only separated by one street from the limits of Schwetzingen.

History

Schwetzingen was mentioned as "Suezzingen" for the first time in 766, recorded in the late twelfth-century Codex Aureus of Lorsch, but there are already traces of settlement from the Stone Age. Originally it consisted of two settlements, Ober- and Unterschwetzingen, that grew together in the course of the 17th and 18th century. Originally the town belonged to the diocese of Worms, but later passed to the Counts of the Palatinate in the 12th century.

Schwetzingen Castle

The moated castle of Schwetzingen is mentioned for the first time in 1350. It was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War and in the following War of the Palatinate Succession; it was rebuilt by count Johann Wilhelm and his predecessor. From 1720 it served temporarily as the residence of the Elector Karl III Philip (1716–1742) after he moved away from Heidelberg. Later on it served as a summer residence of the Elector of the Palatinate and their court.

Schwetzingen Castle began as a simple aristocratic fishing retreat (much like Versailles and Karlsruhe which began as hunting lodges) and had an eventful architectural history, in several phases of construction, especially during the reigns of the Elector Karl III Philip and Karl IV Theodor (1742–1799) who, as their answer to Versailles, embellished the castle gardens with some of the finest and most elaborate formal water parterres in Germany gardens.

As it evolved, the high central Baroque block of the Castle was extended to either side (from 1747 onwards) in matching curved ranges of glazed arcades that were punctuated by pavilions which followed the arc of the vast garden circle. They partly enclose the circle bisected by a wide gravel axis flanked by parterres which centers on a spring-fed water-basin inspired by the bassin of Diana at Versailles, but here expressing the more appropriately water-centered Greek myth of the poet Arion and the dolphins.

On the other side at the entrance, a mulberry-tree allée stretched from the centre of the Castle to the city of Heidelberg, 10 km away on the horizon, truly a remarkable feat of autocratic landscaping.

The curving outbuildings of Schwetzingen inspired the smaller Rococo perfections of Schloss Benrath, with its quarter arcs of matching corps de logis embracing a formal sheet of water, built for Carl Theodor near Düsseldorf, 1756–1770.

In 1759 Schwetzingen received permission to host markets and was developed into a baroque city through the 18th century. In 1803 all the territories of the Palatine electorate east of the Rhine, including Schwetzingen were absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Baden and the castle became a residence of the Grand Dukes of Baden. In 1833 Schwetzingen was elevated to city status by Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden. The beginning of industrialization in Schwetzingen in the year 1850 made the city an important seat of cigar factories and canneries. Also, the cultivation of asparagus gained importance and has remained one of Schwetzingen's claim to fame.

Population development

These figures are estimates only, official census results (¹) or statistics of the resident's registration office.

Year Population
1726 420
1784 1,784
1800 2,090
1850 2,900
1. December 1871 3,862
1. December 1880 ¹ 4,649
1. December 1890 ¹ 5,116
1. December 1900 ¹ 6,432
1. December 1910 ¹ 7,876
8. October 1919 ¹ 9,146
16. June 1925 ¹ 9,341
16. June 1933 ¹ 10,016
Year Population
17. May 1939 ¹ 10,983
December 1945 ¹ 11,129
13. September 1950 ¹ 14,068
6. June 1961 ¹ 14,992
27. May 1970 ¹ 16,508
31. December 1975 18,296
31. December 1980 18,384
27. May 1987 ¹ 17,729
31. December 1990 19,098
31. December 1995 21,872
31. December 2000 22,267
31. March 2004 22,635

¹ official census results

Politics

Local council

The local council of Schwetzingen has 26 members since the last elections in June 2009.

Elections in May 2014:

CDU: 7 seats
Schwetzinger Wähler Forum 97: 4 seats
SPD: 5 seats
Free voters: 5 seats
Alliance 90/The Greens: 4 seats
FDP: 1 seat

Mayors

  • 1833 – 1838: Daniel Helmreich
  • 1838 – 1851: Carl Welde
  • 1851 – 1855: Josef Vetter
  • 1855 – 1865: Johann Wilhelm Ihm
  • 1865 – 1883: Heinrich Wittmann
  • 1883 – 1898: Karl Mechling
  • 1898 – 1904: Heinrich Häfner
  • 1904 – 1910: Jean Wipfinger
  • 1910 – 1914: Wilfried Hartmann
  • 1914 – 1923: Jakob Reinhard
  • 1914 – 1918: Georg Pitsch
  • 1923 – 1929: Johannes Götz
  • 1929 – 1930: Leopold Stratthaus
  • 1930 – 1933: Dr. Arthur Trautmann
  • 1933 – 1945: Arthur Stober
  • 1945: Ernst Karl
  • 1945 – 1948: Dr. Valentin Gaa
  • 1948 – 1954: Franz Dusberger
  • 1954 – 1961: Hans Kahrmann
  • 1961 – 1962: Adolf Schmitt
  • 1962 – 1981: Kurt Waibel
  • 1981 – 1982: Walter Bährle
  • 1982 – 1998: Gerhard Stratthaus
  • 1999 – 2007: Bernd Kappenstein
  • 2007 – 2008: Bernd Junker
  • since 2008: René Pöltl

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Schwetzingen consists of a divided shield with a golden lion on the upper half on a black background and on the lower half there is a silver ring on blue background. The city flag is white and blue. The lion symbolizes the Palatine Electorate, of which Schwetzingen was a member until 1803. The ring was originally a wheel originating from the seal of an inhabitant who had contacts to the castle of Schwetzingen.

Twin towns

Schwetzingen is twinned with:

Economy and infrastructure

Transport

Schwetzingen lies relatively favourably between the two autobahns A 5 (with the junction Heidelberg/Schwetzingen) and A 6 (with the junctions Schwetzingen/Hockenheim and Mannheim/Schwetzingen). Schwetzingen station was opened in 1870 on the Rhine Railway, connecting Mannheim and Karlsruhe.

Between 1910 and 1938 there was a tramline connecting Schwetzingen and Ketsch, between 1927 and 1973 there was also a tramline connecting Heidelberg with Schwetzingen.

Media

In Schwetzingen the daily newspaper is the "Schwetzinger Zeitung", which is a local newspaper published by the "Mannheimer Morgen".

Public institutions

In Schwetzingen there is a district court, a notary's office, an internal revenue service, a customs office and an employment office.

Education

Schwetzingen Castle

The city maintains the Hebel-Gymnasium, the Karl-Friedrich-Schimper-Realschule, the Hilda Hauptschule, four elementary schools (Grundschule Hirschacker, Johann-Michael-Zeyher Grundschule, Nordstadt-Grundschule and Südstadt-Grundschule) as well as a special school, the Kurt-Waibel-Förderschule. Furthermore there are two vocational schools (Carl-Theodor- and Erhart-Schott-School) and the Comenius-School for mentally handicapped. In the left wing of Schwetzingen's castle there is an advanced technical college for administration of justice, maintained by the state of Baden-Württemberg.

Main sights

Theatre

The Schlosstheater Schwetzingen, which was built as the Schlosstheatre ("castle theatre") in 1751–1752 by Nicolas de Pigage, is located in the complex of Schloss Schwetzingen, which hosts, among other events, the annual opera and music festival, the Schwetzingen Festival. The theatre fell into disuse by the late 19th century, but was renovated in 1937 and given its present name after its Rococo style of architecture and used by the Festival since 1952. Between 1971 and 1974, it was modernized and re-opened with 450 seats for opera and 510 seats for drama. It is the oldest surviving theatre in Europe with boxless circles.[7]

Buildings

The Mosque of Schwetzingen Castle

Schwetzingen Castle is the city's most famous landmark. Its gardens are also notable, as there are elements of French Baroque and the English garden style, with statuary by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt. Also worth seeing are the theatre, the orangery, the bath and various follies, including the temples of Apollo, Mercury and Minerva, the Mosque (built 1778–1791) and the fountain of Arion.

The city hall was built in 1821 and expanded in 1889, 1912 and 1919.

The "Spargelskulptur" in the main square

There are four churches in Schwetzingen:

  • Catholic church St. Pankratius (built 1736-38, modified 1763-65)
  • Catholic church St. Maria (built 1958)
  • Catholic church St. Josef
  • Protestant church (built 1756, expanded 1884-88 and 1912-13)

Regular events

Scenic byways

Schwetzingen is located on three major tourist or theme routes:

Notable people

Sons and daughters of the town

Franz Danzi 1817

Personalities associated with Schwetzingen

Portrait of J.P. Hebel, 1795
  • Karl Drais (1785–1851), after the Heidelberg studies in forestry teacher at a private educational institution, inventor of the original bicycle
  • Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812–1871), botanist
  • Johann Peter Hebel (1760–1826), poet, theologian and educator, died in Schwetzingen. Hebel is the namesake of the Hebel-Gymnasium Schwetzingen [10]
  • Max Ilgner (1899–1966), chemical industrialist
  • Nicolas de Pigage (1723–1796), a French builder who died in Schwetzingen
  • Karl Friedrich Schimper (1803–1867), naturalist, botanist and geologist

See also

References

  1. ^ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse, Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
  3. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2010". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte". |date=July 2014 |source 2= "Dekadenrekorde".
  5. ^ "Heidelberg historic weather averages". weather-online. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  6. ^ "Mannheim, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
  7. ^ Historic Theatres in Germany brochure, Perspectiv, Association of Historic Theatres in Europe, www.perspectiv-online. 2009.
  8. ^ Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 13, Cramer, Franz retrieved 11 August 2019
  9. ^ German Wiki, Thomas Erle
  10. ^ "Hebel, Johann Peter" . The American Cyclopædia. Vol. VIII. 1879.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Schwetzingen.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Schwetzingen.
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