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{{Short description|American physical chemist, civil servant (born 1938)}}
[[Image:John Deutch, Undersecretary of Defense, 1993 official photo.JPEG|thumb|right|John Deutch]]
{{For|the Canadian economist|John James Deutsch}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
| image = File:John_Deutch,_Undersecretary_of_Defense,_1993_official_photo.JPEG
| caption =
| office = 17th [[Director of Central Intelligence]]
| president = [[Bill Clinton]]
| deputy = [[William O. Studeman]]<br>[[George Tenet]]
| term_start = May 10, 1995
| term_end = December 15, 1996
| predecessor = [[R. James Woolsey Jr.|James Woolsey]]
| successor = [[George Tenet]]
| office1 = 24th [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]]
| president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
| term_start1 = March 11, 1994
| term_end1 = May 10, 1995<ref name="Washington Headquarters Service">{{Cite web |url=http://www.whs.mil/library/Key47-04/III.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516011431/http://www.whs.mil/library/Key47-04/III.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| predecessor1 = [[William J. Perry|William Perry]]
| successor1 = [[John P. White]]
| office2 = [[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics|Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology]]
| president2 = [[Bill Clinton]]
| term_start2 = April 2, 1993
| term_end2 = March 11, 1994<ref name="Washington Headquarters Service"/>
| predecessor2 = Donald Yockey
| successor2 = [[Paul G. Kaminski]]
| birth_name = John Mark Deutch
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|7|27}}
| birth_place = [[Brussels]], Belgium
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party =
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Samayla Dodek|1961|1985|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Patricia Lyon Martin|1995}}
}}
| children = 3 (with Dodek)
| education = [[Amherst College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br> [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
}}


'''John Mark Deutch''' (born [[July 27]], [[1938]]) was [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]] from 1994 to 1995 and [[Director of Central Intelligence]] (DCI) from [[May 10]], [[1995]] until [[December 14]], [[1996]]. He is presently an [[Institute Professor]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and serves on the Board of Directors of [[Citigroup]], [[Cummins]], [[Raytheon]], and [[Schlumberger]] Ltd.
'''John Mark Deutch''' (born July 27, 1938) is an American [[physical chemist]] and civil servant. He was the [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]] from 1994 to 1995 and [[Director of Central Intelligence]] (DCI) from May 10, 1995, until December 15, 1996.<ref name="cia.gov"/> He is an emeritus [[Institute Professor]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and serves on the boards of directors of [[Citigroup]], [[Cummins]], [[Raytheon]], and [[Schlumberger]] Ltd. Deutch is also a member of the [[Trilateral Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://trilateral.org/download/files/NA%20members%20SEPTEMBER%202015.pdf |title=The Trilateral Commission, September 2015 [membership list] |publisher=The Trilateral Commission |access-date=22 March 2018 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418083723/http://trilateral.org/download/files/NA%20members%20SEPTEMBER%202015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Background==
Deutch was born in [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]], to a [[Ashkenazi|Russian Jewish]] father. He earned a bachelor's degree in History and Economics from [[Amherst College]]. In 1961, he earned an [[B.S.]] degree in [[Chemical Engineering]] and, in 1966, he earned a PhD in [[Chemistry]], both from [[MIT]]. He holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, and Northeastern University. From 1977 to 1980, he served in several positions for the [[U.S. Department of Energy]]: as Director of Energy Research, Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Technology, and Undersecretary of the Department. He continued to serve on various government committees throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. He served as the [[provost (education)|provost]] of MIT from 1985 - 1990.
Deutch was born in [[Brussels]], Belgium, the son of Rachel Felicia (Fischer) and Michael Joseph Deutch.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jc9wBsImOIC&q=john+mark+deutch+brussels&pg=PA75|title=Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency|first=W. Thomas|last=Smith|date=22 March 2018|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438130187|access-date=22 March 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> He is of [[Ashkenazi|Russian Jewish]] heritage, and became a United States citizen in 1945.<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613233700/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2007|title=John Deutch — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> He graduated from the [[Sidwell Friends School]] in Washington, D.C., and earned a bachelor's degree in history and economics from [[Amherst College]]. In 1961, he earned a [[Master of Science]] degree in [[chemical engineering]] and, in 1966, he earned a PhD in [[chemistry]], both from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. He holds honorary degrees from [[Amherst College]], [[University of Massachusetts Lowell]], and Northeastern University.


From 1977 to 1980, he served in several positions for the [[United States Department of Energy]] (DOE): as director of energy research, acting assistant secretary for energy technology, and undersecretary of the department. In 1978, Deutch published two [[physical chemistry]] papers (in, ''Combustion and Flame'', 1978, vol 231 pp.&nbsp;215–221 and 223-229) on modeling the mechanism of the fuel/air mixture. He served as the [[provost (education)|provost]] of MIT from 1985 to 1990. As MIT's dean of science and provost, Deutch oversaw the disbanding of the department of applied biological sciences, including its toxicology faculty. Furthermore, in December of 2012, he was elected to the Board of Trustees for the MIT-Russia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology.<ref>https://www.skoltech.ru/sites/default/files/Sk_newsletter_print_version5.pdf#page=7</ref>
In 1995, President [[Bill Clinton]] appointed him Director of Central Intelligence. However, Deutch was initially reluctant to accept the appointment. As head of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], Deutch continued the policy of his predecessor [[R. James Woolsey]] to declassify records pertaining to U.S. [[covert operations]] during the [[Cold War]].<ref name=deutchpolicy>[http://www.foia.cia.gov/special_collections.asp "CIA's Historical Review Program", National Archives (NARA) electronic collections]</ref> He also sought to encourage more [[Diversity#Politics|diversity]] at the Agency in order to include more women and minorities in its ranks.<ref name=deutchdiversity>[http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/chavez030205.asp "PC and the CIA", jewishworldreview.com, Mar. 2, 2005]</ref>


==CIA Director tenure==
Soon after Deutch's departure from the CIA in 1996 it was revealed that [[Classified information in the United States|classified materials]] were being kept on several of Deutch's laptop computers designated as unclassified. In January of 1997, the CIA began a formal security investigation of the matter. Senior management at CIA declined to fully pursue the security breach. Over two years after his departure, the matter was referred to the department of Justice, where Attorney General [[Janet Reno]] declined prosecution. She did, however, recommend an investigation to determine whether Deutch should retain his security clearance.<ref name=deutchinvestigated>[http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/ig_deutch.html ''Central Intelligence Agency Inspector General Report of Investigation Improper Handling of Classified Information By John M. Deutch''], [[February 18|Feb. 18]], [[2000]]</ref> President Clinton pardoned Deutch on his last day in office.<ref name=deutchpardon>Ross, Sonya, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010120/aponline104904_000.htm "Clinton Pardons More Than 100"], ''Washington Post'', [[January 20|Jan. 20]], [[2001]]</ref>
In 1995, President [[Bill Clinton]] appointed him [[Director of Central Intelligence]]. As Deutch was initially reluctant to accept the appointment, the position was conferred with Cabinet rank, a prerequisite ultimately retained by successor [[George Tenet]] through the end of the Clinton administration. As head of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA), Deutch continued the policy of his predecessor [[R. James Woolsey]] to declassify records pertaining to U.S. [[covert operations]] during the [[Cold War]].<ref name=deutchpolicy>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/special_collections.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230103930/http://www.foia.cia.gov/special_collections.asp|url-status=dead|title="CIA's Historical Review Program", National Archives (NARA) electronic collections|archive-date=December 30, 2007}}</ref>


In 1996, Deutch took the unusual step of traveling to [[Locke High School]] in Los Angeles to address reports that the CIA had facilitated the introduction of [[crack cocaine]] into Los Angeles.<ref name=latimes>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-11-16-mn-65300-story.html|title=CIA Head Speaks in L.A. To Counter Crack Claims|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=16 November 1996}}</ref><ref name=nytimes>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/16/us/cia-chief-visits-watts-to-counter-crack-talk.html|title = C.I.A. Chief Visits Watts to Counter Crack Talk|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 16 November 1996|last1 = Ayres|first1 = B. Drummond Jr.}}</ref> Speaking to a hostile crowd, Deutch denied any connection between the CIA and cocaine traffic in Los Angeles and vowed to open an investigation.<ref name=latimes/><ref name=nytimes/> The meeting was prompted by allegations published by journalist [[Gary Webb]] that connected the CIA to the California cocaine trade and trafficker [[Danilo Blandón]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/gary-webb-cia-drug-running-story-061813 |title=Gary Webb And The Limits Of Vindication |first=Charles P. |last=Pierce |date=June 18, 2013 |work=Esquire |access-date=November 11, 2018 |archive-date=December 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223023349/http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/gary-webb-cia-drug-running-story-061813 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=latimes/><ref name=nytimes/>
== See also ==

*[[Timeline of Cox Report controversy]]
Deutch fell out of favor with the Clinton administration because of public testimony he gave to Congress on Iraq. Specifically Deutch testified that Saddam Hussein was stronger than he had been four years earlier, and the CIA might never be able to remedy the issue. After he won reelection, Clinton replaced Deutch.<ref>Doyle McManus, "Clinton Appears Set to Pick Lake as CIA Director," Los Angeles Times (04 December 1996)</ref><ref>'Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA’, by: Tim Weiner (paperback, 2008), p.535</ref>

[[File:President Clinton and CIA Director John Deutch - Flickr - The Central Intelligence Agency.jpg|thumb|Deutch meeting with President Clinton to discuss Bosnia in 1996|left]]

Deutch left the CIA on December 15, 1996,<ref name="cia.gov"/> and soon after it was revealed that several of his laptop computers contained classified information wrongfully labeled as unclassified.<ref>{{cite news |title=Improper Hnadling of Classified Information By John M. Deutch |author=Snider, L. Britt |url=https://fas.org/irp/cia/product/ig_deutch.html |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency Inspector General |date=February 18, 2000}}</ref> In January 1997, the CIA began a formal security investigation of the matter. Senior management at CIA declined to pursue fully the security breach. Over two years after his departure, the matter was referred to the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]], where Attorney General [[Janet Reno]] declined prosecution. She did, however, recommend an investigation to determine whether Deutch should retain his security clearance.<ref name=deutchinvestigated>[https://fas.org/irp/cia/product/ig_deutch.html ''Central Intelligence Agency Inspector General Report of Investigation Improper Handling of Classified Information By John M. Deutch''], February 18, 2000</ref> Deutch had agreed to plead guilty to a misdemeanor for mishandling government secrets on January 19, 2001, but President Clinton pardoned him in his last day in office, two days before the Justice Department could file the case against him.<ref name=deutchpardon>Ross, Sonya, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725004033/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010120/aponline104904_000.htm "Clinton Pardons More Than 100"], ''Washington Post'', January 20, 2001</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150915130331/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010124/aponline163741_000.htm Ex-CIA Head Planned Guilty Plea], "Washington Post", January 24, 2001</ref>

In 1995, when Deutch became head of the CIA, ''The New York Times'' quoted long-time critical scholar and social activist [[Noam Chomsky]] as saying, "He has more honesty and integrity than anyone I've ever met in academic life, or any other life... If somebody's got to be running the C.I.A., I'm glad it's him."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/10/magazine/the-cia-s-most-important-mission-itself.html|title=The C.I.A.'s most Important Mission: Itself|first=Tim|last=Weiner|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 10, 1995}}</ref>
[[File:JohnDeutch-EnergySeminar-Jan2020.png|thumb|Deutch teaching at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|M.I.T.]], 2020.]]

==Board memberships and fellowships==

Deutch was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=John+Deutch&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-05-17|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> He has been a member of the [[National Petroleum Council (US)|National Petroleum Council]] since 2008 and the Secretary of DOE Energy Advisory Board, since 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/5/john_m_deutch.html |title=John M. Deutch |website=Harvard.edu |access-date=24 Apr 2014}}</ref> In 1988 Deutch was elected as a fellow of the [[National Academy of Public Administration (United States)|National Academy of Public Administration.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Incorporated |first=Prime |title=National Academy of Public Administration |url=https://napawash.org/fellow/14375 |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=National Academy of Public Administration |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In June 2003, his son Philip Joseph Deutch (from his first marriage) then a managing director and venture capitalist at Perseus LLC, married [[Marne Levine]], who later served as the COO of [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite news|title=WEDDINGS/CELEBRATIONS; Marne Levine, Philip Deutch|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/22/style/weddings-celebrations-marne-levine-philip-deutch.html|access-date=14 February 2018|work=New York Times|date=22 June 2003}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States]]


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{reflist|2}}
<div style="font-size: 95%">
<references/>
</div>


==External Links==
==External links==
*[http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/deutch/biography.html Deutch's MIT Biography]
* [http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/deutch/biography.html Deutch's MIT Biography]
* [https://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_6C71FD2938E14A07B7F0C2CA0E417F23 War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Reagan's Shield: An Interview with John Deutch], [[WGBH Educational Foundation|WGBH]] December 1987
*[http://www.businessweek.com/1996/09/b3464116.htm "Nora Slatkin's Mission Impossible: The CIA," ''BusinessWeek,'' Feb. 26, 1996] (About the CIA executive director hired by Deutch to improve diversity at the CIA.)
* [https://archive.today/20130118151926/http://www.businessweek.com/1996/09/b3464116.htm "Nora Slatkin's Mission Impossible: The CIA," ''BusinessWeek''] Feb. 26, 1996 — About the executive director hired by Deutch to improve diversity at the CIA.
*[http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/2000/02/03/cia/index.html "Back-stabbing, CIA-style", ''Salon,'' Feb. 3, 2000]
* {{C-SPAN|29875}}
*[http://www.disinfo.com/archive/pages/dossier/id279/pg1/index.html "Who was John Deutch spying for?, disinformation.com, Oct. 18, 2000]

{{s-start}}
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{{start box}}
{{succession box | title=[[Director of the C.I.A.|Director of Central Intelligence]] | before=[[R. James Woolsey]] | after=[[George J. Tenet]] | years=[[May 10]], [[1995]]-[[December 15]], [[1996]]}}
{{end box}}
{{DCIA}}
{{DCIA}}
{{USDepSecDef}}
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{{MIT provosts}}
{{Citigroup}}
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{{Authority control}}


[[Category:1938 births|Deutch, John M.]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deutch, John M.}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency|Deutch, John M.]]
[[Category:United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense|Deutch, John M.]]
[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Belgian Americans|Deutch, John]]
[[Category:American physical chemists]]
[[Category:Foreign-born American politicians|Deutch, John]]
[[Category:Amherst College alumni]]
[[Category:Jewish American politicians|Deutch, John]]
[[Category:Belgian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Living people|Deutch, John M.]]
[[Category:Clinton administration cabinet members]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|Deutch, John M.]]
[[Category:Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:Recipients of American presidential pardons|Deutch, John]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States]]
[[Category:Amherst College alumni|Deutch, John]]
[[Category:Jewish American government officials]]

[[Category:Harvard Kennedy School people]]
[[pl:John Deutch]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology provosts]]
[[Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:People from Belmont, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Recipients of American presidential pardons]]
[[Category:United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense]]

Latest revision as of 13:58, 12 May 2024

For the Canadian economist, see John James Deutsch.
John M. Deutch
17th Director of Central Intelligence
In office
May 10, 1995 – December 15, 1996
PresidentBill Clinton
DeputyWilliam O. Studeman
George Tenet
Preceded byJames Woolsey
Succeeded byGeorge Tenet
24th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
In office
March 11, 1994 – May 10, 1995[1]
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byWilliam Perry
Succeeded byJohn P. White
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology
In office
April 2, 1993 – March 11, 1994[1]
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byDonald Yockey
Succeeded byPaul G. Kaminski
Personal details
Born
John Mark Deutch

(1938-07-27) July 27, 1938 (age 85)
Brussels, Belgium
Spouses
Samayla Dodek
​
​
(m. 1961; div. 1985)​
Patricia Lyon Martin
​
​
(m. 1995)​
Children3 (with Dodek)
EducationAmherst College (BA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MS, PhD)

John Mark Deutch (born July 27, 1938) is an American physical chemist and civil servant. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1995 and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from May 10, 1995, until December 15, 1996.[2] He is an emeritus Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and serves on the boards of directors of Citigroup, Cummins, Raytheon, and Schlumberger Ltd. Deutch is also a member of the Trilateral Commission.[3]

Background[edit]

Deutch was born in Brussels, Belgium, the son of Rachel Felicia (Fischer) and Michael Joseph Deutch.[4] He is of Russian Jewish heritage, and became a United States citizen in 1945.[2] He graduated from the Sidwell Friends School in Washington, D.C., and earned a bachelor's degree in history and economics from Amherst College. In 1961, he earned a Master of Science degree in chemical engineering and, in 1966, he earned a PhD in chemistry, both from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, University of Massachusetts Lowell, and Northeastern University.

From 1977 to 1980, he served in several positions for the United States Department of Energy (DOE): as director of energy research, acting assistant secretary for energy technology, and undersecretary of the department. In 1978, Deutch published two physical chemistry papers (in, Combustion and Flame, 1978, vol 231 pp. 215–221 and 223-229) on modeling the mechanism of the fuel/air mixture. He served as the provost of MIT from 1985 to 1990. As MIT's dean of science and provost, Deutch oversaw the disbanding of the department of applied biological sciences, including its toxicology faculty. Furthermore, in December of 2012, he was elected to the Board of Trustees for the MIT-Russia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology.[5]

CIA Director tenure[edit]

In 1995, President Bill Clinton appointed him Director of Central Intelligence. As Deutch was initially reluctant to accept the appointment, the position was conferred with Cabinet rank, a prerequisite ultimately retained by successor George Tenet through the end of the Clinton administration. As head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Deutch continued the policy of his predecessor R. James Woolsey to declassify records pertaining to U.S. covert operations during the Cold War.[6]

In 1996, Deutch took the unusual step of traveling to Locke High School in Los Angeles to address reports that the CIA had facilitated the introduction of crack cocaine into Los Angeles.[7][8] Speaking to a hostile crowd, Deutch denied any connection between the CIA and cocaine traffic in Los Angeles and vowed to open an investigation.[7][8] The meeting was prompted by allegations published by journalist Gary Webb that connected the CIA to the California cocaine trade and trafficker Danilo Blandón.[9][7][8]

Deutch fell out of favor with the Clinton administration because of public testimony he gave to Congress on Iraq. Specifically Deutch testified that Saddam Hussein was stronger than he had been four years earlier, and the CIA might never be able to remedy the issue. After he won reelection, Clinton replaced Deutch.[10][11]

Deutch meeting with President Clinton to discuss Bosnia in 1996

Deutch left the CIA on December 15, 1996,[2] and soon after it was revealed that several of his laptop computers contained classified information wrongfully labeled as unclassified.[12] In January 1997, the CIA began a formal security investigation of the matter. Senior management at CIA declined to pursue fully the security breach. Over two years after his departure, the matter was referred to the Department of Justice, where Attorney General Janet Reno declined prosecution. She did, however, recommend an investigation to determine whether Deutch should retain his security clearance.[13] Deutch had agreed to plead guilty to a misdemeanor for mishandling government secrets on January 19, 2001, but President Clinton pardoned him in his last day in office, two days before the Justice Department could file the case against him.[14][15]

In 1995, when Deutch became head of the CIA, The New York Times quoted long-time critical scholar and social activist Noam Chomsky as saying, "He has more honesty and integrity than anyone I've ever met in academic life, or any other life... If somebody's got to be running the C.I.A., I'm glad it's him."[16]

Deutch teaching at M.I.T., 2020.

Board memberships and fellowships[edit]

Deutch was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2007.[17] He has been a member of the National Petroleum Council since 2008 and the Secretary of DOE Energy Advisory Board, since 2010.[18] In 1988 Deutch was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.[19]

Personal life[edit]

In June 2003, his son Philip Joseph Deutch (from his first marriage) then a managing director and venture capitalist at Perseus LLC, married Marne Levine, who later served as the COO of Instagram.[20]

See also[edit]

Sources[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2017-02-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ a b c "John Deutch — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  3. ^ "The Trilateral Commission, September 2015 [membership list]" (PDF). The Trilateral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  4. ^ Smith, W. Thomas (22 March 2018). Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438130187. Retrieved 22 March 2018 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ https://www.skoltech.ru/sites/default/files/Sk_newsletter_print_version5.pdf#page=7
  6. ^ ""CIA's Historical Review Program", National Archives (NARA) electronic collections". Archived from the original on December 30, 2007.
  7. ^ a b c "CIA Head Speaks in L.A. To Counter Crack Claims". Los Angeles Times. 16 November 1996.
  8. ^ a b c Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (16 November 1996). "C.I.A. Chief Visits Watts to Counter Crack Talk". The New York Times.
  9. ^ Pierce, Charles P. (June 18, 2013). "Gary Webb And The Limits Of Vindication". Esquire. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  10. ^ Doyle McManus, "Clinton Appears Set to Pick Lake as CIA Director," Los Angeles Times (04 December 1996)
  11. ^ 'Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA’, by: Tim Weiner (paperback, 2008), p.535
  12. ^ Snider, L. Britt (February 18, 2000). "Improper Hnadling of Classified Information By John M. Deutch". Central Intelligence Agency Inspector General.
  13. ^ Central Intelligence Agency Inspector General Report of Investigation Improper Handling of Classified Information By John M. Deutch, February 18, 2000
  14. ^ Ross, Sonya, "Clinton Pardons More Than 100", Washington Post, January 20, 2001
  15. ^ Ex-CIA Head Planned Guilty Plea, "Washington Post", January 24, 2001
  16. ^ Weiner, Tim (December 10, 1995). "The C.I.A.'s most Important Mission: Itself". The New York Times.
  17. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  18. ^ "John M. Deutch". Harvard.edu. Retrieved 24 Apr 2014.
  19. ^ Incorporated, Prime. "National Academy of Public Administration". National Academy of Public Administration. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  20. ^ "WEDDINGS/CELEBRATIONS; Marne Levine, Philip Deutch". New York Times. 22 June 2003. Retrieved 14 February 2018.

External links[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
1994–1995 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Director of Central Intelligence
1995–1996 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_M._Deutch&oldid=1223490837"