Battlefield Earth (film)

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For the novel of the same name, see Battlefield Earth (novel).
Battlefield Earth
US theatrical one-sheet for Battlefield Earth.
Directed byRoger Christian
Written byL. Ron Hubbard (novel)
Corey Mandell &
J.D. Shapiro (screenplay)
Produced byJonathan Krane
Elie Samaha
John Travolta
StarringJohn Travolta
Barry Pepper
Forest Whitaker
Kim Coates
Sabine Karsenti
Richard Tyson
CinematographyGiles Nuttgens
Edited byPaul Covington
Robin Russell
Music byElia Cmiral
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release dates
May 12, 2000 (USA)
Running time
118 minutes
(theatrical cut)
119 minutes
(video version)
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$75,000,000 (declared); $44,000,000 (actual)[1]
Box office$21,471,685 (USA)[2]
$8,253,978 (Worldwide)[2]

Template:Infobox movie certificates Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000 is a 2000 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by L. Ron Hubbard. The film stars John Travolta, Forrest Whitaker and Barry Pepper. It was a notorious commercial and critical disaster and has been widely criticized as one of the "worst films ever made".[3][4]

The film depicts an Earth that has been under the rule of the alien Psychlos for 1,000 years. The Psychlos' greedy chief of security on Earth, Terl (Travolta), seeks to buy his way off what he regards as a backward planet inhabited by primitive "man-animals". He enslaves humans to mine gold for him in areas that the Psychlos cannot reach and puts one of his slaves, Jonnie Goodboy Tyler (Pepper), in charge of the mining project. Tyler is instructed in the use of Psychlo technology but turns his new-found knowledge against the Psychlos, leading a human uprising against the aliens. He forms an army of liberated slaves and trains them in the use of human weapons found in a thousand-year-old US military depot. The rebellion succeeds with the humans overthrowing the Psychlos and blowing up their home planet.[5]

Travolta, a long-time Scientologist, had sought for many years to deliver a big-screen adaptation of the novel by Hubbard, the founder of Scientology. He was unable to obtain funding from any major studio due to concerns about the film's script, prospects and the connections with Scientology. The project was eventually taken on by an independent production company, Franchise Pictures, which specialized in rescuing stars' stalled pet projects. Travolta signed on as a co-producer and contibuted millions of dollars of his own money to the production, which was largely funded by a German film distribution company. The investors later successfully sued and bankrupted Franchise after it emerged that the company had fraudulently overstated the film's budget by $31 million.[6]

Reviewers wrote scathingly of the film, criticizing virtually every aspect of the production. Audiences were reported to have greeted early screenings with derision and stayed away in droves after a lackluster opening weekend, causing the film's earnings to fall far short of its costs. Travolta had originally envisaged the film as being the first of two adapted from the book, as Battlefield Earth's screenplay only covered the novel's first half. However, the failure of the film meant that the planned sequel was not made.[6]

Plot synopsis

In the year 3000, Earth is ruled by the Psychlos, a brutal race of giant humanoid aliens who conquered the planet a thousand years previously. The remnants of humanity are either enslaved by the Psychlos and used for manual labor or survive in primitive tribes living in remote areas outside Psychlo control. Jonnie Goodboy Tyler (Pepper), a member of one such tribe, leaves his home in the Rocky Mountains on a journey of exploration. He joins forces with Carlo (Coates), a hunter. Before long, both men are captured by a Psychlo raiding party and transported to a slave camp at the Psychlos' main base on Earth, a giant dome built over the ruins of Denver.

Terl (Travolta), the Psychlo Security Chief on Earth, has been condemned by his superiors to remain indefinitely at his post as punishment for his greediness and incompetent plotting. Aided by his deputy Ker (Whittaker), Terl devises a plan to buy his way off the planet by making a fortune using human slaves to mine gold in radioactive areas, where Psychlos are unable to go due to the explosiveness of the gas that they breathe. Terl selects Jonnie as his "foreman" for the project and subjects him to a learning machine that educates him in Psychlo knowledge. Terl gives Jonnie a party of slaves and a Psychlo flying shuttle and orders him to go out and find gold.

Inspired to revolt by the sight of a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence which he finds in the ruins of Denver Public Library, Jonnie plots a human uprising against the Psychlos. He obtains gold from Fort Knox to satisfy Terl's demands, instead of mining gold as ordered. Jonnie and his followers find an abandoned underground US military base with working aircraft, weapons, fuel, and nuclear bombs. They use the base's flight simulators to train themselves in aerial combat.

After a week's training, the rebels launch a mass uprising against the Psychlos using Harrier jump-jets and other weapons. The hunter Carlo sacrifices himself to destroy the dome over Denver. The Psychlos inside suffocate on the Earth's atmosphere, which they are unable to breathe. Jonnie captures a Psychlo teleportation device and uses it to teleport an atomic bomb to the Psychlo home world. The ensuing detonation causes the entire Psychlo atmosphere to explode, wiping out the planet. Ker and Terl survive on Earth, but face different fates: Ker sides with the victorious humans, while Terl is imprisoned as a hostage. The film ends with the humans in control of Earth but facing an uncertain future.

Development

The first proposals for a film version of Battlefield Earth were mooted not long after the publication of the book. In February 1983 L. Ron Hubbard gave an interview to the Rocky Mountain News in which he told the reporter "I've recently written three screenplays and some interest has been expressed in Battlefield Earth, so I suppose I'll be right back in Hollywood one of these days and probably on location in the Denver area for Battlefield Earth when they film it." [7]

Hubbard's comments suggest that he saw himself being directly involved in the film; author Stewart Lamont suggests that Hubbard may even have envisioned directing it, given his previous work on Scientology training films.[7] In October 1983, the film rights were sold by the Church of Scientology's in-house literary agency, Author Services Inc., to Salem Productions of Los Angeles. Two films were envisaged, covering each half of the book and tentatively budgeted at $15 million each.[8] The veteran screenwriter Abraham Polonsky and the British director Ken Annakin were hired to produce a film breakdown, with production scheduled to begin in 1985.[9] A 30-foot (10 m) high inflatable figure of the film's villain, Terl, was erected by Scientology officials on Hollywood Boulevard in 1984 in an effort to promote the production and auditions were held in Denver. However, the low-budget project soon collapsed.[10]

John Travolta, who had converted to Scientology in 1975, received an autographed copy of Battlefield Earth from Hubbard when the book was first published in 1982. Hubbard reportedly hoped that Travolta would turn the book into a film "in the vein of Star Wars and Close Encounters of the Third Kind."[11] At the time, however, Travolta's influence in Hollywood was at a low ebb after a series of flops. The success of the 1994 movie Pulp Fiction, for which Travolta was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award, made him a major player again. He had not forgotten Hubbard's wishes to see the book on the big screen and so took on the task of making Battlefield Earth into a movie.[12] Travolta, a devoted Scientologist and one of the organization's most vocal supporters, described the book in interviews as "like Pulp Fiction for the year 3000"[13] and "like Star Wars, only better."[14] Travolta lobbied a variety of Hollywood figures and was reported to have recruited the aid of fellow Scientologists. According to Bill Mechanic, the former head of Twentieth Century Fox, "He had Scientologists all over me. They come up to you and they know who you are." This did not impress Mechanic: "Do you think in any way, shape, or form that weirding me out is going to make me want to make this movie?" [15]

Explaining his motivation, Travolta stated that "I have a special affection for this book. Hubbard was a great writer, and I had an idea of the movie's potential, a fantasy in my mind that lasted for years."[16] He told the New York Daily News that "Battlefield Earth is the pinnacle of using my power for something. I told my manager, 'If we can't do the things now that we want to do, what good is the power? Let's test it and try to get the things done that we believe in.' "[10]

Travolta's involvement in Battlefield Earth was first publicised in late 1995.[17] It was assumed from the start that he would star in and produce the film, which would be distributed by MGM; J.D. Shapiro would write the screenplay.[18] In 1997, Travolta's long-time manager Jonathan Krane signed a two-year deal with Twentieth Century Fox under which that studio, rather than MGM, would release Battlefield Earth.[19] However, the deal with Fox also fell through. The author James Robert Parish comments that both studios regarded the project as too risky, on several grounds.[6] Its heavy reliance on special effects would be very expensive, pushing the budget up to as much as $100 million; Hubbard's narrative was seen as naive and outdated; and the "Scientology factor" could work against the film, negating Travolta's star power. [6] As one studio executive put it, "On any film there are ten variables that can kill you. On this film there was an eleventh: Scientology. It just wasn't something anyone really wanted to get involved with." [20]

Finally, in 1998, the project was taken over by Franchise Entertainment. The company's head Elie Samaha, a former drycleaning mogul turned nightclub owner, specialized in rescuing stars' pet projects. Franchise sought out major stars whose projects were stalled at the major studios, bringing them aboard at reduced salaries. Samaha's approach made waves in Hollywood, earning him a reputation of being able to produce star vehicles more cheaply than the major studios.[1] However, his unorthodox deals raised eyebrows, with the entertainment industry magazine Variety commenting that they were "often so complex and variable as to leave outsiders scratching their heads." [21] As Samaha put it, "With my movies, the movie stars are my partners. If you give them 25 percent of the profits (while reducing their upfront payments), they get out of the trailer faster." He learned of Battlefield Earth via Cassian Elwes, an agent at the theatrical agency William Morris, and approached Travolta.[16] A deal was soon struck and financing was arranged; Travolta significantly reduced his normal fee of $20 million, lowering the film's cost from the $100 million that had previously been forecast, and costs were reduced further by utilizing Canadian locations and facilities.[11]

The film was set up as an independent production for Morgan Creek Productions which would, in turn, release the film through Warner Bros. in the U.S. under an existing distribution agreement. Travolta's company JTP Films was also involved,[22] with Travolta investing $5 million of his own money in the production.[23] Warner Bros. allocated $20 million for the film's marketing and distribution.[11] Franchise retained the foreign rights, licensing the European distribution rights to the German group Intertainment AG in exchange for 47% of the production costs, which were set at $75 million. The Intertainment deal later became the focus of a legal action that bankrupted Franchise.[1] Samaha forecast that the film would be a major hit: "My projected numbers on Battlefield Earth are really conservative. I'm already covered internationally, and there's no way I'm going to lose if the movie does $35 million domestically. And Travolta has never had an action movie do under $35 million." [16]

According to Samaha, he got around the "negative factor" of the Scientology connection by the simple expedient of "yell[ing] at everyone, 'This is a science-fiction film starring John Travolta!' again and again." [20] Samaha acknowledged that "everyone thought I was crazy or mentally retarded" for taking on the project, but pitched the film as "Planet of the Apes starring John Travolta".[24] He was bullish about the film's prospects, telling the Wall Street Journal that "it is going to make people in Hollywood take notice of Elie Samaha. I'm not going to be the laughing stock any more."[25] Others in Hollywood were still skeptical; an unnamed producer was quoted by the Los Angeles Daily News as saying that "Battlefield Earth has the stench of death. It should never have been made. It's an $80 million vanity project for Travolta." [10] Travolta's theatrical agency William Morris was also said to be unenthusiastic, reportedly leading to Travolta threatening to leave them if they did not help him to set up the film, and fellow Scientologist Tom Cruise was said to have warned Warner Bros. that he thought the movie was a bad idea (though this was later denied by his spokesperson).[10]

Travolta's manager Jonathan Krane denied that the Church of Scientology was playing any part in the production: "I've never even dealt with or talked to the church on this. This is an action-adventure, science-fiction story. Period. The movie has nothing to do with Scientology." [26] Krane stated that the film had been financed "without a dollar coming from the Scientologists."[10]

Production

Travolta and his manager, Jonathan Krane, took the lead in hiring the on-set personnel. They initially approached Quentin Tarantino to direct the film. When Tarantino declined, Roger Christian, a protégé of George Lucas, was recruited as the director.[16] He had most recently been the second unit director on Lucas' Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace.[27] Patrick Tatopoulos was signed to develop the production design and costume, including the design of the alien Psychlos,[26] and the Czech-American composer Elia Cmiral was signed to provide the film's score.[28] Travolta and Krane also signed the cinematographer and most of the principal actors.[16]

The cast included Travolta, Barry Pepper, Forest Whitaker, Kim Coates, Richard Tyson, Sabine Karsenti, and Michael Byrne. Travolta's wife Kelly Preston also appeared in one scene. Travolta originally saw himself in the role of Tyler, but by the time the movie was actually made, Travolta felt he was too old to play the role, and took the role of the main villain instead.[29]

The movie was filmed in Canada, with principal filming taking place in Montreal and several other Quebec locations during the summer and autumn of 1999.[30] It was reported to have been the most expensive production shot in Canada up to that point.[31] Even so, it was reported that the production costs would have been twice as high had the film been shot in the United States.[28]

In an ominous sign for the film's prospects, it was "plagued by bad buzz" prior to release[10] with the media speculating about the possible influence of Scientology and commenting on the production's tight security.[32][33] As the film was entering post-production, the alternative newspaper Mean Magazine obtained a copy of the screenplay. Mean's staffers changed the script's title to "Dark Forces" by "Desmond Finch" and circulated it to readers at a number of major Hollywood film production companies. The comments that came back were universally unfavorable: "a thoroughly silly plotline is made all the more ludicrous by its hamfisted dialog and ridiculously shallow characterizations", "a completely predictable story that just isn't written well enough to make up for its lack of originality." One reviewer labeled the screenplay "as entertaining as watching a fly breathe." [34]

Battlefield Earth was finally released in May 2000, just three days after the 50th anniversary of the publication of Hubbard's book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, a date celebrated by Scientologists worldwide as a major Scientology holiday.[35] Its premiere was held on May 10, 2000 at Mann's Chinese Theater on Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.[36]

By the time the film was released on DVD, it had been drastically edited from the original theatrical version. [37]

Box office and merchandising

John Travolta signing copies of the book Battlefield Earth during a promotional tour in 2000

Released on 3,307 screens, Battlefield Earth grossed $21,471,685 in the United States and a total of $29,725,663 worldwide, falling well short of its $73 million production budget and $20 million in estimated marketing costs.[2] Financially, it is regarded as one of the most expensive flops in film history.[38]

The film's exceptionally bad reviews and poor word-of-mouth led to a precipitous falling-off in its grosses. Having earned $11,548,898 from 3,307 screens on its opening weekend, its take collapsed by 67% to $3,924,921 the following weekend, giving an average take of only $1,158 per screen.[38] The film made 95% of its entire domestic gross in the first two weekends and flatlined thereafter, with earnings dropping a further 75% by the end of its third week to only $1 million.[11]

The following week, facing earnings of just $205,745, Warner Bros. attempted to cut its losses by slashing the number of screens at which the film was being shown. The number was reduced from 2,587 to only 641.[39] By its sixth weekend on release, the film was showing on only 95 screens and had made just $18,993 in a week - less than $200 per screen. [40] International earnings were equally dire. The film finished with a gross of $21.4 million in the US and just $8.2 million from the rest of the world.[11]

A limited range of merchandising was produced for the film, including posters, a soundtrack CD by Elia Cmiral recorded by the Seattle Orchestra,[41] and a re-released version of the novel with a new cover based on the film's poster.[42] Trendmasters also produced a range of action figures of the main characters,[43] including an 11-inch figure of Travolta as Terl voicing lines from the film such as "Exterminate all man-animals at will", "You wouldn't last one day at the academy", "Man is an endangered species" and "Ratbastard".[44]

Critical reception

Entertainment Weekly published a spoof poster for Battlefield Earth quoting the film's bad reviews.[45]

Critically, the movie was also a disaster and reviews were nearly unanimously bad. Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film the rating of half a star out of four and described it as "something historic, a film that for decades to come will be the punch line of jokes about bad movies."[46] Leonard Maltin gave the film a rating of "BOMB" in his book Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide, writing "Clumsy plot, misplaced satire, unbelievable coincidences and a leaden pace trample Travolta's weird but amusing performance."[47] Rita Kempley of The Washington Post commented that: "A million monkeys with a million crayons would be hard-pressed in a million years to create anything as cretinous as Battlefield Earth."[48] Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times wrote that "it may be a bit early to make such judgments, but Battlefield Earth may well turn out to be the worst movie of this century" and called it "Plan Nine From Outer Space for a new generation".[49][3] The British film critic Jonathan Ross offered a particularly unsparing critique "Everything about Battlefield Earth sucks. Everything. The over-the-top music, the unbelievable sets, the terrible dialogue, the hammy acting, the lousy special effects, the beginning, the middle and especially the end. God above, it's bad. Sweet baby Jesus, it's bad. By all that is holy and sacred on the Earth, this is a bad, bad, bad film." [50]

The Hollywood Reporter summarised the film as being "a flat-out mess, by golly, with massive narrative sinkholes, leading to moments of outstanding disbelief in the muddled writing and shockingly chaotic mise en scene that's accompanied by ear-pummeling sound and bombastic music."[51]

Critics noted Battlefield Earth's overuse of odd camera angles and luridly tinted scenes

Particular points that critics held up for censure included its overuse of angled camera shots [52] (which, according to the director himself in different reports, are used in all but one frame of the film[53] or even in every single frame[54]), derivative special effects, and unbelievable plotting. The Rhode Island Providence Journal newspaper also highlighted the film's unusual colour scheme: "Battlefield Earth's primary colors are blue and gray, adding to the misery. Whenever we glimpse sunlight, the screen goes all stale yellow, as though someone had urinated on the print. This, by the way, is not such a bad idea." [55]

The film was reported to have been greeted with widespread derision in preview screenings for the public and critics. An audience of Los Angeles entertainment journalists, critics and others greeted the film with "guffaws and hoots" at a screening in Century City, while other viewers in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore responded with "derisive laughter" or simply walked out. At a post-launch publicity event, Travolta asked the assembled journalists if they had enjoyed it but received no reply.[56] He later asserted that other film-makers had enjoyed the movie: "When I felt better about everything was when George Lucas and Quentin Tarantino and a lot of people that I felt knew what they were doing, saw it and thought it was a great piece of science fiction."[57]

Responding to the criticism, the film's producer Elie Samaha complained that, "(The) critics were waiting for us to ... chop our heads off. Everybody hated Scientology for some reason. I didn't know people were so prejudiced." He argued that despite the film's poor performance it would cover its costs in due course: "Maybe (in) the second cycle with Internet, and HBO, and DVD, you always make your money ... so I'm not going to lose sleep over one movie that did not perform for us." [58]

Battlefield Earth frequently appears on worst film lists, such as the Internet Movie Database's "Bottom 100" list, where patron voting has continuously kept it listed as one of the 100 worst films of all time.[59] As of January 16, 2008, it held the position of #65 on the list. It received an exceptionally low 3% Rotten Tomatoes ranking [60] (by comparison, 60% is considered "Fresh", i.e. good), and hit #14 on their "100 Worst Of The Worst Movies" list[61].

The movie achieved a new level of notoriety in 2001 when it swept the 2000 Golden Raspberry Awards and received seven "Razzies", including Worst Movie of the Year, Worst Actor (Travolta), Worst Supporting Actor (Pepper), Worst Supporting Actress (Preston), Worst Director (Christian), Worst Screenplay (Mandel and Shapiro) and Worst Screen Couple (Travolta and "anyone sharing the screen with him"). This tied for the highest number of Razzies "won" by a single film at that time, with Showgirls achieving seven "wins" in 1995.[62] Battlefield Earth was later awarded an eighth Razzie for "Worst Drama" of our First 25 Years".[63]

As Travolta did not attend to collect his trophies, an action figure of Terl, his character, accepted them in his place. Travolta responded a week later to the awards: "I didn't even know there were such awards. I have people around me whose job it is to not tell me about such things. They're obviously doing their job. ... Not every film can be a critical and box office success. It would have been awful only if Battlefield Earth was neither. That's not the case. It is edging toward the $100m mark which means it has found an audience even if it didn't impress critics. I'd rather my films connect with audiences than with critics because it gives you more longevity as a performer." [64] He later insisted that he still felt "really good about it. Here I was taking big chances, breaking a new genre."[11]

Pepper said that he regretted not having been invited and blamed the movie's failure on "a weak script and poor production values."[65] J.D. Shapiro, the writer of the film's screenplay, did attend in person to receive his trophy; he commented that Travolta had declared the script to be "the Schindler's List of science fiction."[11] The film's producer, Elie Samaha, declared that he welcomed the "free publicity", as "the more the critics hit Battlefield Earth, the more DVDs it sells. It is the kind of film that makes a movie legend and we feel we have enough staying power to last long after the critics have quieted down." [66]

Controversies

Scientology

Before the film was released, rumors and allegations began to circulate that Battlefield Earth contained subliminal messages promoting Scientology.[67] Former Scientologist Lawrence Wollersheim, in a press release issued by his group FACTnet, said that the Church of Scientology "has placed highly advanced subliminal messages in the Battlefield Earth film master to surreptitiously recruit new members from the movie audience and to get the audience to develop a revulsion for psychiatry and current mental health organizations and practices."[68][33] Warner Bros. dismissed the claims as "silly nonsense", the Church of Scientology denounced them as "hogwash" and the media reacted with skepticism; as the British journalist Duncan Campbell put it, "the only subliminal voice I could detect came about 10 minutes into this 121-minute film and it seemed to be saying "Leeeaaave thisssss cinemmmaaa nooow."[3]

In 1999, Author Services Inc. said that it was "donating its share of the profits from the film to charitable organizations that direct drug education and drug rehabilitation programs around the world".[69] It was reported that the merchandising revenues would be passed on to the Scientology-linked "social betterment" groups Narconon and Applied Scholastics, with movie-related sales of the book funding the marketing of Hubbard's fiction books and the L. Ron Hubbard Writers of the Future contest.[24] The size of the revenue deal was not disclosed by the parties; Trendmasters, the makers of the Battlefield Earth range of toys, stated that its deal was strictly with Franchise Pictures, which declined to comment, and Warner Bros. stated that its role was limited to distribution and had nothing to do with the associated merchandising deals.[44]

Fraud

Following the failure of Battlefield Earth and other films independently produced by Franchise Pictures, the Wall Street Journal reported that the FBI was probing "the question of whether some independent motion picture companies have vastly inflated the budget of films in an effort to scam investors."[70] In December 2000 the German-based Intertainment AG filed a lawsuit alleging that Franchise had fraudulently inflated budgets in pictures, including Battlefield Earth, that Intertainment had helped to finance.[71] Intertainment had agreed to pay 47% of the production costs of several films in exchange for European distribution rights but ended up paying for between 60%-90% of the costs instead. The company alleged that Franchise had defrauded it to the tune of over $75 million by systematically submitting "grossly fraudulent and inflated budgets".[72]

The case was heard before a jury in a Los Angeles federal courtroom in May-June 2004. The court heard that Franchise's bank records revealed that the real cost of Battlefield Earth was only $44 million, not the $75 million declared by Franchise. The remaining $31 million had been fraudulent "padding". According to Intertainment's head Barry Baeres, he had only agreed to make Battlefield Earth because it was packaged as a slate that included two more commercially attractive films, the Wesley Snipes vehicle The Art of War and the Bruce Willis comedy The Whole Nine Yards.[1] Baeres testified that "Mr. Samaha said, 'If you want the other two pictures, you have to take Battlefield Earth - it's called packaging'" Baeres commented that, "We would have been quite happy if he had killed [Battlefield Earth]." [73]

Intertainment won the case and was awarded $121.7 million in damages, bankrupting Franchise Pictures. Samaha himself was declared by the court to be personally liable for $77 million in damages.[6][74] However, the jury rejected Intertainment's claims under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) statute, which would have trebled the damages if Franchise had been convicted on that charge.[75]

The failure of the film was also reported to have led in 2002 to Travolta sacking his manager Jonathan Krane, who had set up the deal with Franchise in the first place.[76]

Followups and sequels

Battlefield Earth is significantly shorter than its source novel, covering only the first 436 pages of the 1,050-page book.[77] A sequel covering the remainder of the book was originally planned at the outset.[77] Corey Mandell, the scriptwriter for the first film, was commissioned to deliver the script for the sequel and Travolta, Pepper and producer Krane were all signed up to the sequel in their contracts for the first film.[77] Christian and Whitaker were also approached to reprise their respective roles, and a release date in 2002 was envisaged.[77] However, the disastrous performance of Battlefield Earth and the collapse of its financial backers has made it very unlikely that a live-action sequel will be made.[6]

Author Services announced in 2001 that Pine Com International, a Tokyo-based animation studio, would produce thirteen one-hour animated television segments based on the book and rendered in a manga style. [78] Dan Haggerty was signed to provide the voice of Terl and Tim Kearns was to play Ker.[citation needed] The plans appear to have fallen through and, according to author James Robert Parish, "little has been heard of the series since."[6]

Parodies

South Park has parodied the film twice, first in a spoof at the 2000 MTV Movie Awards, and then in the episode "Trapped in the Closet".[79][80]

The MTV short was the first time South Park had satirized Scientology, in a piece entitled: "The Gauntlet". Though the short was primarily a Gladiator parody, with the characters fighting Russell Crowe in the Roman Colosseum, it included "John Travolta and the Church of Scientology" arriving in a spaceship to defeat Crowe and attempt to recruit the boys into Scientology. Travolta, along with his fellow Scientologists, was depicted as a Psychlo, as he appeared in the film.[80]

A commentary for this film was released by RiffTrax in on January 28, 2007.[81] The RiffTrax includes audio commentary from Michael J. Nelson, Kevin Murphy, Bill Corbett.[81]

Cast

Scene from Battlefield Earth, showing (left to right) Barry Pepper, John Travolta and Forest Whitaker.
Psychlos
  • John Travolta as Terl, the Psychlo head of security on Earth. Greedy and treacherous even by Psychlo standards, Terl detests his posting to what he regards as a miserable backwater inhabited by primitive "man-animals" and constantly plots to double-cross his superiors.
  • Forest Whitaker as Ker, Terl's long-suffering, obsequious and somewhat simple-minded deputy who endures his boss's machinations but secretly plots to gain "leverage" over his own superiors.
  • Christopher Freeman - Processing Clerk
  • Shaun Austin-Olsen - Planetship
  • Kelly Preston - Chirk
Humans
  • Barry Pepper as Jonnie Goodboy Tyler, a tribesman turned rebel leader. After being captured by the Psychlos, Jonnie turns his newly acquired knowledge of the aliens against them and leads a human uprising to an unlikely victory.
  • Kim Coates as Carlo, a hunter who becomes Jonnie's friend and ally in the revolt against the Psychlos.
  • Michael Byrne - Parson Staffor
  • Christian Tessier - Mickey
  • Richard Tyson - Robert the Fox

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Shprintz, Janet (May 10, 2004). "Legal eagle says Eli fudged budgets". Variety. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ a b c Battlefield Earth at Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c Campbell, Duncan (May 31, 2000). "Cult classic: Does John Travolta's Battlefield Earth contain subliminal messages recruiting Scientologists? Amid a flurry of bizarre claims and counterclaims, only one thing is certain: it is one of the worst movies ever made". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2008-01-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ Farache, Emily (2000-10-18). "Travolta Sets Sights on "Battlefield Earth 2"". E! Online. Retrieved 2007-03-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "Battlefield Earth". Sight & Sound. British Film Institute. May 2000. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Parish, James Robert (2007). Fiasco: A History of Hollywood's Iconic Flops. Wiley. pp. 275–291. ISBN 0470098295.
  7. ^ a b Lamont, Stewart (1986). Religion Inc. London: Harrap. p. 156. ISBN 0245543341.
  8. ^ Author Services Inc. (October 14, 1983). "Press Release". Business Wire. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ Author Services Inc. (April 18, 1984). "Press Release". Business Wire. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  10. ^ a b c d e f Whipp, Glenn (2000-05-12). "The Battle For 'Earth': Travolta's Scientology Ties Raise Controversy Over New Film". Los Angeles Daily News.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "Science Friction". Herald Sun. 2006-04-12.
  12. ^ Pearlman, Cindy (2000-05-07). "Travolta Wins His Fight To Film 'Battlefield Earth'". The Plain Dealer (newspaper).
  13. ^ Lee, Patrick (2000-05-15). "Uphill Battlefield for John Travolta and Roger Christian". Sci Fi Weekly. SciFi.com. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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External links

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