12th century BC Chr.

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The 12th century BC Chr. Began v on January 1, 1200. And ended on December 31, 1101 BC. Chr.

Ugarit ruins

Calendar / time calculation

• January 1, 1166 BC Chr .: beginning of the year counting in the Discordian calendar

Age / Epoch

• The Middle Vedic period begins in India . The Vedic religion (forerunner of Hinduism) experienced its first heyday.

Events / developments

"The Fire of Troy"

Ruins of Ḫattuša , capital of the Hittite Empire

• Early 12th century BC Chr .: Destruction of many Mycenaean palace centers on the Greek mainland (including Pylos , Mycenae , Tiryns , Thebes ); connected with this is the collapse of the palace economy in Greece and apparently a sharp decline in the population in some regions.
• 12th century BC BC: Foundation of the city of Artacoana (today's Herat ) by the Iranian Aria
• Between 1194 and 1186 BC Chr .: Destruction of the important trading center Ugarit in Syria , probably by enemies operating on ships, presumably to be assigned to the so-called sea ​​peoples .
• Around 1190/80 BC Chr .: collapse of the Hittite empire, abandonment of the Hittite capital Ḫattuša .
• Around 1177 BC Chr .: Ramses III. defeat the sea people.
• Around 1175 BC Chr .: The Philistines are settled in the Palestinian coastal plain (see 1. Book of Samuel , 2. Book of Samuel , inscriptions Ramses III. In Medinet Habu , Great Papyrus Harris ).
• Between 1159 and 1141 BC The summer growth of the swamp oak in Ireland was severely disturbed. Similar, but later dated, abnormalities in the Middle East, such as Gordion , could be explained by volcanic eruptions (especially the H3 eruption of Hekla ).
• 1180 BC BC or a few decades later: Destruction of Troy VIIa, probably through enemy action
• Around 1159 BC Chr .: Under Ramses III. the grave workers strike
• Waves of immigration from Greece (?) To Southeast Anatolia and Cyprus : several cities emerge or are shaped by the Mycenaean.
• Phrygians spread towards central Anatolia.
• Around 1114 BC Chr .: The muski be in the Battle of Mount Kaschiari from the Assyrian king I. Tiglathpileser beaten.
• Around 1105 BC Chr .: Ramses XI. succeeds his father Ramses X as Pharaoh . He is the last pharaoh of the 20th Dynasty ( New Kingdom ).

Personalities

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Pharaohs of Egypt

Ramses III statue in Luxor

Presumed portrait of Ramses VI.

• Seti II (1204–1198 BC)
• Siptah (1198–1193 BC)
• Tausret (1193–1190 BC)
• Sethnacht (1190–1188 BC / founder of the 20th dynasty )
• Ramses III. (1187–1156 BC)
• Ramses IV (1156–1150 BC)
• Ramses V (1150–1145 BC)
• Ramses VI. (1145–1137 BC)
• Ramses VII (1137-1129 BC)
• Ramses VIII (1128 BC)
• Ramses IX. (1127–1109 BC)
• Ramses X. (1109–1105 BC)
• Ramses XI. (1105-1070 BC)

Tiglat-Pileser I.

Kings of Assyria

• Tukulti-Ninurta I (1233–1197 BC)
• Aššur-nadin-apli (1196–1193 BC)
• Aššur-nirari III. (1192–1187 BC)
• Enlil-kudurrī-uṣur (1186–1182 BC)
• Ninurta-apil-ekur (1181–1179 BC)
• Aššur-dan I (1178–1133 BC)
• Ninurta-tukulti-Aššur (1134 BC / Co-regent of Aššur-dan I.)
• Mutakkil-Nusku (1134 BC / co-regent of Aššur-dan I.)
• Aššur-reš-iši I (1132–1115 BC)
• Tiglat-Pileser I (1114-1076 BC)

Šuppiluliuma II.

Kings of Babylonia

• Adad-šuma-uṣur (1216–1186 BC)
• Meli-Šipak (1186–1171 BC)
• Marduk-apla-iddina I (1171–1159 BC)
• Zababa-šuma-iddina (1159–1158 BC)
• Enlil-nādin-aḫi (1158–1155 BC)
• Itti-Marduk-balāṭu (1137–1129 BC)
• Nebuchadnezzar I (1123–1101 BC)
• Enlil-nādin-apli (1101-1097 BC)

Kings of china

• Wu Ding (1250–1192 BC)
• Qie Geng (1191 - ???? BC)
• Qie Jia (???? - ???? BC)
• Lin Xin (???? - ???? BC)
• Kang Ding (???? - 1148 BC)
• Wu Yi (1147–1113 BC)
• Wen Ding (1112–1102 BC)
• Di Yi (1101-1076 BC)

Kings of Elam

• Hallutuš-Inšušinak (1205–1185 BC)
• Šutruk-Naḫḫunte II. (1185–1155 BC)
• Kutir-Nahhunte III. (1155–1150 BC)
• Šilḫak-Inšušinak I (1150–1120 BC)
• Hutelutuš-Inšušinak (1120–1110 BC)
• Šilhina-Hamru-Lagamar (1110 - ???? BC)

King of the Hittite Empire

• Šuppiluliuma II. (1214–1190 / 80 BC)

King of Ugarit

• Ammurapi III. (1215–1194 / 88 BC)

Inventions and discoveries

• Around 1200 BC The oracle bones originated in the Shang Dynasty in China, under the government of Wu Ding . It is the first evidence of Chinese writing .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Axel Michaels : The Hinduism: Past and Present. CH Beck, 2006, ISBN 3-406-54974-8 , p. 48
2. ↑ Ludwig David Morenz : Image letters and symbolic signs: the development of writing in the high culture of ancient Egypt. Saint-Paul, 2004, ISBN 3-525-53062-5 , p. 55

Web links

Commons : 12th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files