Achenbach (Breidenbach)

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Achenbach
community Breidenbach
Former municipal coat of arms of Achenbach
Coordinates: 50 ° 51 ′ 44 "  N , 8 ° 23 ′ 32"  E
Height : 373 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.32 km²
Residents : 480  (Jun 30, 2013)
Population density : 76 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35236
Area code : 06465
Aerial view of Achenbach
Aerial view of Achenbach
Achenbach from the north

Achenbach is a district of the municipality of Breidenbach in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf . The type of settlement in the village is called a closed cluster village .

geography

location

The place is west of Oberdieten and east of Almonds . It can be reached via state road 3043, which ends in federal road 253 in Oberdieten .

climate

Climatically, Achenbach, like the entire Breidenbacher Grund, lies in the border area of ​​the two climatic areas of north-west and south-west Germany, which separate in the area of central Hesse . That said, there are both maritime and mainland influences. The climate is therefore characterized by relatively cooler summers, but also non-alpine winter temperatures, with rainfall averaging 800–900 mm all year round.

geology

The layers of the Lower and Upper Middle Devon and the Upper Devon shaped the geological structure of Achenbach. Dark, red and also green clay slate and dark fire slate , quartzite and sandstone occur as bedrock.

The soils are mostly stony and poor in nutrients.

history

The exact age of Achenbach is not known. The first settlement probably took place in or around the 10th century. The first documentary mention dates back to 1307 in the "Hessian document book by A. Wyss". There the village name is written as "Achinbach". "Achimbach" (1395), "Hachenbach" (1429) and, since 1783, Achenbach can also be found in records from the following centuries. Achenbach was owned by the von Romrod family in 1360; since 1395 it was the Hessian fief of the von Breidenbach family and at that time it belonged to the Melsbach court.

In 1761, Achenbach was almost completely destroyed by a fire. A fairly precise picture of the accident can be conveyed from the files of the authorities, interrogation protocols and reports that are still in the Marburg State Archives today :

At noon on April 25th, a fire broke out in the kitchen of a house. Most of the residents were engaged in field work. Since it had been very dry some time before and, to make matters worse, a strong wind set in, the fire quickly spread to the thatched half-timbered houses in the neighborhood. French soldiers who were in Breidenbacher Grund at the time because of the Seven Years' War took part in the fire fighting. In spite of this, no fewer than 23 houses of the 30 courtyards in the village, plus the church with two bells, 24 barns, 19 stables, three sheds and four blacksmiths' workshops burned down. Almost all of the cattle were saved, and there was no life to complain about, but most of the residents' belongings, clothing, etc. were also burned. According to estimates at the time, the building damage amounted to 12,000 guilders . Because of the high war loads that Achenbach had to bear at that time, the community was already excessively burdened. For this reason, the Darmstadt government at the time allowed those affected to cut timber from the stately forests free of charge. In addition, a collection was made in the Hesse-Darmstadt offices, which brought in 768 guilders.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Achenbach in 1830:

"Achenbach (L. Bez. Battenberg) evangel. Branch village; is 6 3 ⁄ 4  St. von Battenberg, belongs to the Baron von Breidenstein. has 39 houses and 284 evangelists. Pop. You can find 1 grinding and oil mill and a slate quarry in the area. In 1395 Gerlach and Johann von Breidenbach gave Landgrave Hermann, among other things, the court of Melsbach, to which Achenbach belonged, as a fief. Mining was carried out here early on: two Achenbach mines are thought of in 1567, and in 1584 the local ores are mentioned in Ludwig von Marburg's mining patent. "

Another disaster year was 1895. On the night of June 30th to July 1st, a violent storm with thunderstorms and strong hailstorms destroyed the entire annual harvest. The three-minute hailstorm destroyed the entire summer fruit. The rye harvest was destroyed, the potatoes that had already been sprouted sprouted again and thus brought hardly any harvest, only the hay harvest that had already been brought in saved the lives of the cattle.

Achenbach has had a central water supply since 1909; on November 25, 1919, electric lights were on for the first time in Achenbach.

The two world wars also brought Achenbach the losses and horror reports that were common for the territory of the time. After the Second World War, many refugees, especially from what was then Czechoslovakia and Hungary, were taken in Achenbach.

1 July 1974 at Achenbach was in the course of administrative reform in Hesse powerful state law in the community Breidenbach incorporated .

Mining

In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries there were a total of six copper ore mines in Achenbach . Some of them were opened again in 1856, but no supplies were found. Lead ores also appeared in the King Wilhelm grave .

Until before the Second World War, the Erdel company from Heppenheim operated a green quarry.

school

In Breidenbach there was an independent "summer and winter school" as early as the beginning of the 17th century. It is not known exactly when Achenbach first had its own school. In 1778 Pastor Beisenherz von Breidenbach reported about a "schoolmaster Johann Henrich Wagner zu Achenbach, who has been in office there for 10 years". In the 19th century, Achenbach had a "double school" with Oberdieten. Mornings were taught in one place, and in the afternoon in the other. The primary school building erected in 1876 was replaced by a new building in 1955. The old building served as the town hall after 1945 and as a village community center from 1963. After the pupils from grade 5 had been attending the Breidenbach Middle School or other secondary schools since 1966, the Achenbach elementary school was closed on December 31, 1969 due to the decreasing number of pupils and the Hessian school reform at the time; last teacher was Karl Gottfried Förster. All (elementary) students have been attending the school in Oberdieten since then.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Achenbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 022 house seats
• 1630: 021 house seats (1 two-horse, 17 single-horse farmers, 2  single-horse ).
• 1677: 014 men, 3 widows, 2 young teams, 12 single teams.
• 1742: 034 households
• 1791: 218 inhabitants
• 1800: 218 inhabitants
• 1806: 224 inhabitants, 37 houses
• 1829: 284 inhabitants, 39 houses
Achenbach: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 218
1800
  
 218
1806
  
 224
1829
  
 284
1834
  
 301
1840
  
 311
1846
  
 322
1852
  
 322
1858
  
 303
1864
  
 281
1871
  
 264
1875
  
 310
1885
  
 352
1895
  
 337
1905
  
 321
1910
  
 361
1925
  
 398
1939
  
 393
1946
  
 541
1950
  
 547
1956
  
 500
1961
  
 518
1967
  
 529
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 522
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 284 Protestant residents
• 1885: 313 Protestant, no Catholic, 39 other Christians
• 1961: 399 Protestant and 33 Roman Catholic residents

Gainful employment

Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1867: Labor force: 152 agriculture, 1 forestry, 3 mining and metallurgy, 17 trade and industry, 7 personal services, 1 health care, 1 army, 1 local government, one person without occupation.
• 1961: Labor force: 137 agriculture and forestry, 117 manufacturing, 27 trade and transport, 18 services and other.

religion

Achenbach has been a parish of Breidenbach since the 15th century. Most of the residents are of Protestant religion. The “old chapel” was destroyed in the major fire in 1761, and in 1769 the community built a new church . The tent roof of the octagonal central building merges into a bell tower in the middle, which is intended for two bells. At present, Achenbach, together with Ober- and Niederdieten, forms the “Ev. Parish of Oberdieten ”. The inhabitants of the Roman Catholic faith, whose number increased significantly after the Second World War, belong to the parish "Maria Himmelfahrt" in Breidenbach.

In addition, there has been a Free Evangelical Church in the village since 1893 . She has her own meeting house like the members of the Christian Congregation .

coat of arms

The coat of arms connects the past with the name of the place. The course of the stream is supposed to represent the place name. On December 15, 1958, the Hessian Minister of the Interior approved the coat of arms with the following description:

Blazon : In silver, a blue wavy bar (brook) running obliquely to the left, covered with six black wavy threads and accompanied by two red roses with green sepals and golden clusters.

Culture and sights

societies

There are many clubs in Achenbach. There is the “Grün-Weiß” fraternity , the fire brigade association , the volunteer fire brigade , the association for local history and the male singing group of the Free Ev. Local community.

Other associations, such as the SSV of 1923 or the fruit and horticultural association as well as z. B. the VdK have merged with the same clubs from the neighboring villages.

Cultural monuments

Economic structure

Achenbach was originally shaped by agriculture and forestry, which now only plays a subordinate role. Most of the workers work in companies in the surrounding villages.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Web links

Commons : Achenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Until 1823 the patrimonial court of Grund Breidenbach; 1923: Separation of the judiciary ( Biedenkopf Regional Court ) and administration.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Achenbach, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 1 ( online at google books ).
  3. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 15 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 351 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ^ The affiliation of the office Blankenstein based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  8. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7, 430 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  246 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  190 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  202 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  14. ↑ Free Evangelical Congregation Achenbach