Oberdieten

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Oberdieten
community Breidenbach
Former municipal coat of arms of Oberdieten
Coordinates: 50 ° 51 ′ 29 ″  N , 8 ° 24 ′ 55 ″  E
Height : 351 m
Area : 5.47 km²
Residents : 781  (Jun 30, 2013)
Population density : 143 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35236
Area code : 06465
Aerial view of Oberdieten
Aerial view of Oberdieten

Oberdieten is a district of the municipality of Breidenbach in the district of Marburg-Biedenkopf in Central Hesse .

Geographical location

The place is about in the middle between Biedenkopf and Dillenburg on the federal road 253 , which runs through the place. As early as 1843, the current federal road was expanded as a state road. The state road 3043 coming from Achenbach joins the town center. At the southern end of the village, in the direction of Dillenburg, you can reach the neighboring towns of Oberhörlen and Niederhörlen via the state road 3331 .

history

Oberdieten was first mentioned in a document around 1299 as Didinahe .

There are no reliable indications for the exact origin of Oberdieten. Presumably, however, there was already a first settlement here in the 9th century at the latest. The place is named after the Bach Diete .

A first documentary mention of a settlement in the Dietal comes from 1299. This document mentions a Wiegand von Didenau. Therefore, as in neighboring Niederdieten, this year is the official year of foundation.

Since 1395 Oberdieten has belonged to the Melsbach court, which around 1500 was combined with the Breidenbach and Wallau courts. From 1577 Oberdieten was part of the court (office) Breidenbacher Grund .

In other documents the place was mentioned under different names ( Dydena (1395), Oberndiedena (1395), Obirdydin (1452), Obern Diden (1487), Uberndedennau (1492), over Oberndiedn (1677), Ober-Dieten ).

In the Middle Ages, the civil population of the then small Oberdieten (there were 10 houses here in 1577) had to struggle with the difficulties and fears common for the time. During the Thirty Years' War , the village population suffered from the chaos of the war and the plague . Almost every fourth resident died of this epidemic and entire families were exterminated. Between the end of 1635 and the end of 1636, at least 34 people died in Oberdieten alone.

So there was a time of horror after a time of horror, no sooner had war debts been paid off and the farmsteads repaired than new burdens and wars were added.

Four young men from Oberdieten took part in Napoleon's battles in Spain and Russia and fell in the east. The two world wars of the 20th century claimed the greatest casualties . During the First World War , 20 men from Oberdieten were killed, two were missing; 25 soldiers from Oberdieten died in World War II and 13 men were missing. Furthermore, a civil person died and a woman perished in a concentration camp.

In 1817 there was a major fire in Oberdieten in which ten houses were destroyed and a young man died. This fire also destroyed the house of the mayor at the time , as well as a lot of historical documents. Another major fire in June 1981 caused property damage of DM 3,000,000 at a sawmill.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports about Oberdieten in 1830:

"Oberdieten (L. Bez. Battenberg) evangel. Branch village; is 6 1 / 4  St. Battenberg, and belongs to the Baron Breidenstein. The place has 39 houses and 249 Protestant residents, as well as 2 grinding mills. There is a control room nearby, the 2106 Hess. (1620 par.) Is raised feet above the sea level. - Oberdieten used to be called Obbern – Dydena . In 1756 mining was carried out on the Hellerberg. "

It was not until 1920, a little later than most of the neighboring towns, that the citizens of Oberdieten were able to overcome their concerns about electric light - it wasn't until September 17, 1920 that electric light shone in the village for the first time.

On July 1, 1974, the previously independent community upper Dieten was in the course of administrative reform in Hesse by state law in the community Breidenbach incorporated , last mayor was Henry Weigel.

Quarry

In Oberdieten there was a now disused diabase quarry. The use of this hard rock goes back to earlier centuries. The commercial mining of stone material began around 1900, and the company closed in 1993.

Two small lakes were created in the quarry by blasting, including the Silbersee . The other, smaller lake was filled in.

school

The first mentioned Oberdieten school was located near the old church building. Exactly when the school started teaching is uncertain, but probably around at least 1750, or earlier.

From 1828 Oberdieten had a “double school” together with Achenbach. Mornings were taught in one place, and in the afternoon in the other.

In 1842 the old, dilapidated school building was demolished and sold to Biedenkopf. In 1846 a new school building was completed, in which lessons were held for over 100 years and which also housed the teacher's apartment.

From 1930, efforts were made to build a modern new building. The increasing number of children and therefore a too small school yard, increasing repair costs due to old age, inadequate hygienic conditions and other factors led to the consideration of a new building. Due to the turmoil of the war and a lack of financial opportunities, it took until the end of 1953 for the new school to be inaugurated. In addition to the classrooms, this also had a workroom and a kitchen, which until 1960 was the "cooking school".

After the end of the Second World War, when the children of the displaced persons also attended school, three teachers taught at the school for a time.

Since 1966, students from grade 5 onwards have been attending the Breidenbach center school or other secondary schools. After the primary school in neighboring Achenbach was completely closed at the end of 1969, the Achenbach children have also been attending the primary school in Oberdieten since 1970. A small sports hall has been located at the school since 1993, and the school was completely renovated in 1997/98.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Oberdieten was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 010 house seats
• 1630: 015 house seats (6 two-horse, 7 single-horse farm workers, 2 single-horse  people ).
• 1677: 021 men, 2 widows, 9 young teams, 11 single teams.
• 1742: 028 households
• 1791: 205 inhabitants
• 1800: 205 inhabitants
• 1806: 216 inhabitants, 34 houses
• 1829: 249 inhabitants, 39 houses
Oberdieten: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 205
1800
  
 205
1806
  
 216
1829
  
 249
1834
  
 275
1840
  
 286
1846
  
 309
1852
  
 303
1858
  
 304
1864
  
 283
1871
  
 265
1875
  
 278
1885
  
 292
1895
  
 325
1905
  
 363
1910
  
 382
1925
  
 426
1939
  
 481
1946
  
 664
1950
  
 648
1956
  
 603
1961
  
 613
1967
  
 649
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 768
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 249 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1885: 292 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 491 Protestant (= 80.10%), 66 Roman Catholic (= 10.77%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1867: Labor force: 131 agriculture, 1 forestry, 2 mining and metallurgy, 9 trade and industry, 8 transport, 1 personal services, 1 education and teaching.
• 1961: Labor force: 156 agriculture and forestry, 163 manufacturing, 15 trade and transport, 23 services and others.

religion

In the 15th century, the place was under the Dean's Office Breidenbach of the Archdeaconate St. Stephan zu Mainz. After the Reformation was introduced in the second half of the 16th century, Oberdieten belonged to the parish of Breidenbach. Because of the size of the parish (a total of nine villages), the Evangelical parish of Oberdieten broke away from Breidenbach in 1665. The parish of Oberdieten has existed since 1965 with the branches Achenbach and Niederdieten.

Evangelical Church from 1879

Very little is known about the old church building; it was located at a different location than today's church, "Am Rain", on the northern edge of the village. This was so dilapidated in the 1840s that the repair costs could not be compared to a new building. A dispute arose within the community as to whether a planned new building should take place in the same place or rather in the middle of the village, on the main road. In 1876 the decision was made to take the latter step, and in 1879 the new building was inaugurated. The church was built entirely, from the outer walls to the roof structure, from diabase blocks from the local quarry.

The inhabitants of the Roman Catholic faith, whose number had increased significantly after the Second World War, belong to the parish "Maria Himmelfahrt" in Breidenbach.

There is also a Christian assembly in the village and members of the Free Evangelical Congregation .

coat of arms

The basis for the coat of arms approved by the Hessian Minister of the Interior on December 14, 1959 is a local legend about the so-called "war water" of the Dietebach. According to this, this brook is said to have been contentious between the inhabitants of Ober- and Niederdieten and the inhabitants of the neighboring Simmersbach . The residents of Simmersbach are said to have tried to derive the Diete for their own purposes. The inhabitants of Ober- and Niederdieten, however, just as violently defended themselves against this violent intervention and thus forced the Diete to be returned to her old bed.

The coat of arms is based on this legendary material, depicting the splitting up of the stream and the dispute over it by the pair of swords symbolically crossing the split stream bed.

Blazon : In gold, a fork-shaped split blue wavy bar, covered on the right, underlaid on the left by the respective blade of two crossed red swords.

societies

Although it is not a large village, Oberdieten is a village with many associations. There is the YMCA , a DRK senior gymnastics group, the evangelical women's choir, a fire brigade association , the volunteer fire brigade , a mixed choir of the Evangelical parish, together with Niederdieten a gymnastics group, the youth club 09 Oberdieten, a youth fire brigade , a men's choir of the YMCA, a men's gymnastics group, the children and youth choir "Musikflöhe", the association of friends and sponsors of the elementary school and the association of friends and sponsors of Oberdietens.

There are also other clubs that have merged with clubs from the local area.

Economy and Infrastructure

Originally Oberdieten was a village dominated by agriculture and forestry. Both now only play a subordinate role. With the beginning of industrialization in the 20th century, various small and medium-sized businesses developed in Oberdieten.

Established businesses

AGRO-Grebe (wood goods, founded in 1872 as a wheelwright and wheelwright), Dilling construction company (founded in 1930), Dilling-Weigel construction company (founded in 1992), Schneider (transport and storage containers, founded in 1963), natural stone works Gebr. Müller (stonemason and sculpting, founded in 1930), natural stone works Rau (stone masonry, founded in 1928), car dealership Gebr. Reitz (since 1985, originally founded as a blacksmith's shop in 1878) and Rein und Singer (carpentry and timber engineering, founded in 1872). Since the beginning of the 21st century, more companies have been founded in the new industrial area south-west of Oberdieten. a. the Solar Center Central Hesse (founded in 2005) and the Heinz company (carousel construction). There are also some craft businesses (butcher, bakery, groceries) in the village.

energy

Construction of the third wind turbine, two of the earlier wind turbines on the right

In 1995 three wind turbines were built on the site of the Oberdieten quarry. Two of them were dismantled in 2011/2013 and each replaced by a large 3-megawatt system with a hub height of 135 m as part of repowering . Both new systems produce an estimated 14 million kWh annually, which can supply around 3000 households. They are of the Enercon E-101 type . The systems are operated by the Strauch & Strauch company.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Until 1823 the patrimonial court of Grund Breidenbach; 1923: Separation of the judiciary ( Biedenkopf Regional Court ) and administration.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Oberdieten, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 195 ( online at google books ).
  3. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 15 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 351 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ^ The affiliation of the office Blankenstein based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  8. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7, 340 ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  246 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 416 ( online at Google Books ).
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  190 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  203 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  15. ↑ Oberdieten coat of arms ( memento from July 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  16. ↑ Rotor blades up to 50 meters long. derWesten , September 6, 2011, accessed May 31, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Oberdieten wind farm. proplanta.de, accessed on May 31, 2015 .