All man's armor

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All man's armor
Allermann's harness (Allium victorialis)

Allermann's harness ( Allium victorialis )

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily : Leek family (Allioideae)
Tribe : Allieae
Genre : Leek ( allium )
Type : All man's armor
Scientific name
Allium victorialis
L.

The Allermannsharnisch ( Allium victorialis ), also gladioli leek , mountain garlic , Sigmar leek , victory Mars Männlein , Gladiolus , Rauwolfia called, is a plant from the genus allium ( Allium ) in the subfamily of the leek plants (Allioideae). It is common in the high mountains of Eurasia .

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora
inflorescence
Fruit cluster with ripe capsule fruits
Stock at the location in the Allgäu Alps

Vegetative characteristics

The Allermannsharnisch is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 60 centimeters. This (net-rooted leek) geophyte has a sloping, almost cylindrical onion with outer and fleshy, garlic-like smelling and tasting inner onion skins that are dissolved in a network of fibers.

The leaves are divided into short petioles and a leaf blade. The simple, entire leaf blade is 10 to 20 centimeters long and 3 to 6 centimeters wide and lanceolate or elliptical.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. The numerous flowers stand in dense, spherical, golden inflorescences , without bulbs; the bracts do not tower over them. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The yellowish-green to white tepals are about 5 millimeters long.

The capsule fruits usually contain six seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

The Allermannsharnisch is in the high mountains of Eurasia from the Pyrenees through the Alps , the Caucasus , the Urals and the Altai Mountains to the already North America counting Aleutian common.

The locations of the Allermannsharnisch in Germany , Austria and Switzerland are in the mountains on grassy and rocky slopes, mountain meadows and tall herbaceous meadows in the (montane to) subalpine to alpine altitudes at altitudes of 1000 to 2600 meters. In the Alps it is a character species of the Allietum victorialis from the association Adenostylion, in the Black Forest and in the Vosges it is a character species of the Sorbo-Calamagrostietum arundinaceae from the association Calamagrostion. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises from 830 meters between Renksteig and Gerstrubenam to an altitude of around 2100 meters.

Healing effect

For internal use, the leaves of the all-man armor are put in alcohol to be used as a supposed blood purifier. According to this, the drug should be used in spring to effect a so-called purification of the toxins that have accumulated in winter. Studies on the actual effectiveness of this home remedy are not available.

Common names

Other names for the Allermannsharnisch, some of which are only regionally used, are or were: Allermannshaken ( Middle High German ), Allermannsmännlich (Middle High German), Allermannsheken ( Rendsburg pharmacy), Allermannsharensch ( Transylvania ), Aller Menschen Annoyance, Allermannswurzel ( St. Gallen ), Almanachharnisch ( Pinzgau) ), Alpine garlic, Alraun ( Lungau ), wild mandrake ( Silesia ), Bergalraun (Silesia), Ereus, Erunsichwurz, Fähnle ( Augsburg ), Gloge, Glücksmännel ( Giant Mountains ), Hamkorn, Johanniswurz ( Salzburg ), wild garlic, short and long, Mandel root (Lungau), Munhemmler ( Uri ) Neunhammerlin, Neunhäuterwurz (Lungau), Neunhemderwurz ( Entlebuch ) Neunhemmeler ( Lucerne ), Nienhämmele (upper Wasgau ) Nünhömmlern (Entlebuch, Bern ), upper harness (Silesia), snake herb , snake garlic, Siebenhämmerlein (Silesia), Siebenhamkorn (Silesia) and Siebenhemlern ( Switzerland ).

Superstition

The onion of the Allermannsharnisch (also Siegwurz, wild mandrake) was used as protection against wounds, accidents, sorcery for humans and animals and was often brought into human-like form by barkers, dressed and sold at high prices.

In his little distilling book from 1500 Hieronymus Brunschwig first mentioned the Allermann's armor and the common Siegwurz .

He compared the Indian nard with the all-man armor:

"Spica nardi iſt a bloom or change in the form of the long ſig wurtz called herba victorialis by the Latin."

In the chapter on maidenhair fern he wrote:

“Beloved by simple men [... if ſie Goldenes Frauenhaarmoos ] with one kruts roots from the Latin herba victorialis wear on the neck ſind in bag tongues long ſyg wurtz do not get sore and I find over it ſint. That's why ſigwurtz od aller man harnſch called Würt vmb dz ir Wurzzel over dug like herlin in geſtalt des pantzers. The shape is round and long. Around at one finger. Often both can be used in ſollicher measure. ... "

Otto Brunfels quoted Brunschwig's remarks in his German herbal book.

An apotropaic use of the Allermann's armor was described by Tabernaemontanus in his book of herbs in 1588:

"The ſiegwurtz is genent / meanwhile the miners use the same / to drive away the ghosts and evil spirits / by whom ſie ſ are very challenged."

At the time of the Thirty Years War , the all-man armor (literally: a harness for everyone) was recommended as a means of protection against injuries, as Grimmelshausen reports in his work " Der Abentheuerliche Simplicissimus Teutsch ", when the protagonist roams the country as a supposed Swiss doctor:

“But don't worry! There is nothing needed but this root or herb, the all-man armor. [...] no dega or bullet will go through your body if you are standing behind an old wall or wall. Tried it myself and this single piece is worth twice the money. "

swell

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 , p. 20 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 1061 .
  • Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. 2nd Edition. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-258-05735-4 , p. 1466.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  128 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 344.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 20, online.
  4. ↑ Kurt Heyser: The allium species as a medicine in the use of Western medicine. In: Kyklos 1, 1928, pp. 64-102.
  5. ↑ = everyone's armor
  6. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig : Small distilling book . Strasbourg 1500, sheet 107r, Spicanardi water (digital copy )
  7. ↑ = everyone's armor
  8. ↑ = common Siegwurz
  9. ↑ = everyone's armor
  10. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig: Small distilling book. Strasbourg 1500, sheet 120r, Wider tod krut water (digital copy )
  11. ^ Otto Brunfels : Contrafeyt Kreüterbuch. Strasbourg 1532, p. 240 (digitized version)
  12. ↑ Tabernaemontanus : New Kreuterbuch. Edition Frankfurt / Main 1588, p. 875 Edition Frankfurt / Main 1613, Vol. 2-3, p. 203, (digitized version)
  13. ↑ Further documents from folklore about the use of roots contrary to magic in Heinrich Marzell : Allermannsharnisch. In: Concise dictionary of German superstition . 1927, Volume 1, Col. 266.

Web links

Commons : Allermannsharnisch ( Allium victorialis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Allermannsharnisch  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations