Old Castle (Neustadt an der Waldnaab)

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Old castle of Neustadt an der Waldnaab

The Old Castle in Neustadt an der Waldnaab was built in the 16th century as the Heidecker castle by Johann Georg von Heydeck (1545–1564) on the basis of a previous building by the Counts of Altendorf (probably from the 13th century).

history

Through his marriage to Berta, one of the heirlooms of Count Gebhard von Sulzbach , Count Heinrich II von Altendorf came into the possession of the lordship of Neustadt an der Waldnaab. In 1232, the old and new towns on the Waldnaab were pledged by Count Heinrich IV. Von Altendorf to his cousin Heinrich I von Ortenburg for 1000 pounds of Regensburg coins ; this deposit was no longer triggered. The daughter of Count von Ortenburg married Friedrich von Trüdingen and after the death of her husband in 1261 the widow sold the Neustadt estate to the Duke of Bavaria, the Wittelsbacher Ludwig der Strenge . According to the Salbuch of 1270, Ludwig the Strict also acquired Störnstein Castle and the possessions that belonged to it. The property of the Wittelsbacher an der Waldnaab consisted of the rule Störstein including Neustadt an der Waldnaab ( redditus Antique sive Nove Civitatis ) and the manor Rothenstadt ( Redditus bonorum in Rotenstat ) at the end of the 13th century . His successor, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian , pledged Neustadt and Störnstein to Landgrave Ulrich von Leuchtenberg .

Due to the Wittelsbach house contract from Pavia of 1329, Neustadt an der Waldnaab came together with Störnstein to the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbach family . At that time Neustadt and Störnstein were still a Leuchtenburg pledge. Because of the financial support that Emperor Karl IV. Had given in the liberation of Rupert II. , Who was captured in Saxony in 1348 or in the captivity of the false Waldemar , he received various items for 12,000 silver marks against redemption within a year in 1353 Properties in the Upper Palatinate (including Neustadt, Störnstein, Hirschau, Waldeck, Murach and Dreswitz) pledged. Since the redemption was not possible due to the high debt of the Palatinate , Ruprecht I. joined Neustadt an der Waldnaab and Störnstein on October 29, 1353, Hirschau, Lichtenstein, Sulzbach, Rosenberg, Hertenstein, Neidstein, Thurndorf, Hilpoltstein, Hohenstein, Lichteneck, Frankenberg, Lauf, Eschenbach, Hersbruck, Velden, Pegnitz and Plech with all the villages to the Bohemian King Charles IV and this region became part of New Bohemia . The area was initially administered by various officials of the emperor. In 1382 Hintzik Pflug zum Rabenstein was carer in Störnstein. In 1391 Neustadt and Störnstein were given as pledge for 13,500 Rhenish guilders from the Bohemian Crown to Hintzik Pflug zum Rabenstein . About Ameley Kagerin to Störnstein , mother of Hintzik plow , the 1410 Hans von Parsberg married († 1469) his third wife, the possessions come to the Parsberger . But as early as 1463 Neustadt and Störnstein are again in possession of the plow , as can be seen from a fief deed by the Bohemian King Georg von Podiebrad for Sebastian Pflug . In 1487, King Vladislav II confirmed this pledge for the Hansen plow to the Rabenstein . Possibly in connection with the Löwlerbund , which Sebastian Pflug headed as captain until 1491, the rule of the plow comes to an end here. On New Year 1504 is in the oven , the pledge shaft about "Neustädtlein" and Störnstein to the King Vladislav II. Getrzichen of Guttenstein to Petersburg and Kysch transmitted. This took place in agreement with Sebastian Pflug , who was still sitting on the Störnstein. A wolf from Guttenstein appears for the last time in a document in 1539 in a letter.

From 1540 the rule of "Neustädtl" and Störnstein is owned by Johann Georg von Heideck . Georg von Heideck († 1551) has this pledge according to a document dated October 4, 1562 as "irredeemable pledge" in his possession. He was followed by his son Johann Ulrich († 1554 or 1555). His cousin Wilhelm von Heideck is the next owner according to the aforementioned certificate from Emperor Ferdinand . Since he was still a minor, the widow of Georg von Heideck , a born Countess von Rappoltstein , took over the rule. In addition, Wilhelm von Heideck was under the tutelage of Bishop Erasmus of Strasbourg and Count Philipp von Hanau and Lichtenberg . From the Lords of Heideck, Ladislaus von Lobkowitz , Supreme Court Master in the Kingdom of Bohemia, replaced the Störnstein pledge on October 4, 1562; the final transfer of ownership did not take place until 1571, after an agreement had been reached on the Heideck property. First the rule was handed over for ten years. On September 25th, 1575, Emperor Maximilian II inherited Störnstein to Ladislau von Lobkowitz with the consent of the Bohemian estates . In 1641 this was elevated to the state of the princes of Störnstein and Neustadt and Störnstein remained in the possession of the Lobkowitz family until 1807.

Construction

The rule of Neustadt and Störnstein naturally required a seat of power and administration. It is assumed that a previous building of the "Old Castle" was built in the 12th and 13th centuries. Century was built by the Counts of Altendorf. After the Heidecker had relocated their administrative headquarters to Neustadt and the castle stable was Störnstein öd, the “Old Castle” in the late Gothic style must have been built in Neustadt before that time . Since the year 1543 can be found in the remarkable roof structure of the "Old Castle" (a self-supporting purlin roof structure with three intermediate floors), one can assume that the "Old Castle" was partially rebuilt at that time. In 1567 Ladislaus II von Lobkowitz had promised the residents of Neustadt that they would build a new castle. In the building there is still an important beamed ceiling from the Renaissance period , which is dated from 1500–1600. In a description of the Neustadt rulership in 1620, there is already talk of a "wool-built castle" that had large rooms. This was a three-storey gable building with bay windows. In 1665 the upper floor of the front building was increased (there is still a rococo plaster ceiling with vedute painting ). In 1818 a covered staircase was added.

Former office complex to the right of the "Old Castle" of Neustadt an der Waldnaab

The former office complex also belonged to the "Old Castle"; this is a south-facing three-storey gable building from the second half of the 16th century. It was attached to the "Old Castle" with a stair tower above the preserved foundations of the city wall. In the land register it says: “The castle is located at the corner of the city on the top towards the raft , has a forecourt not too big, at the entrance a large stick, on this high stick a slightly lower stick and on it a fairly high fortress with a broken one Tower; Again a stick at the city gate against the raft, but in front of the big stick there are 3 other floors, mostly raised from scratch, which then make up the quartered courtyard, in it very good cellars, vaults, kitchens, a pipe well, 22 rooms, several Chambers, 3 halls and other furnished rooms. Above, quite a few nice Taidt dumps. ... In addition to this, the nearest house to the castle ... has been swapped, including 4 beautiful rooms, in which 2 the offices and 2 others the young people live. There is also a stone cellar and a grain floor. "

Between the years 1571 and 1698 the "Old Castle" served as the residence of the princes of Lobkowitz. The upper floors were inhabited by the princely family. On the ground floor there were wine and beer bars and later shops. The guards also stayed in the lower rooms. As evidence of this, there is still a small prison in one room today. Here the prisoners were incarcerated in a cellar dungeon through a hole in the floor. A model of Prague's New Town, as designed by Emperor Charles IV, can be viewed on the second floor. It was given to Neustadt as a permanent loan after the anniversary exhibition at the Nuremberg Imperial Castle . In the "Old Castle" there was still a separate chapel, which was of great importance for Augusta Sophie , who remained Protestant . The so-called hunger tower can also be attributed to the old castle . After 1684, parts of the old city fortifications, into which the old castle was integrated, and the old gate tower were demolished in order to be able to build the new castle . However, the princes Lobkowitz left Neustadt in 1707 and withdrew to Bohemia .

The old castle was reported very derogatory in the 19th century; It said, “is… an ancient, but rather tasteless building with huge chimneys… Two neighboring houses… were drawn to the castle and were united with it. The old castle is currently (1866) the property of the royal. Lawyers and members of the state parliament Mr. Wenzel Wiedenhofers; the neighboring house to the west, the former Lobkowitzsche Weinschänke, now belongs to the merchant Pfeffinger. The Lutheran chapel of the Princess von Sulzbach Augusta Sophie , which used to be in this house, has now been converted into a private apartment. Until the end of the Lobkowitz rule, the current Wiedenhofer house was home to the offices and chancelleries of the same as well as the private apartment of the princely governor. After the District Court of Parkstein had moved, the chapel was demolished and the district judge's apartment, offices, registries, the court itself, as well as the festivities and the bailiff's apartment were moved to these large rooms ” . After the end of the Lobkowitz rule, the old castle visibly deteriorated.

The Neustadt post office was located in the building from 1870 to 1927. In 2007 the "Old Castle" was also renovated. Today parts of the district office of Neustadt an der Waldnaab are located in the "Old Castle". The baroque garden can be viewed at the rear. In addition, an extension was built for the district office and connected to the monument ensemble. The Upper Palatinate Forest tourist center is also located in the “Old Castle”.

literature

  • Wilhelm Brenner-Schäffer: History and topography of the city of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, and his rule of the former lordly county of Störnstein. Negotiations of the historical association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, Volume 24, 1866 (reprint from 2000).
  • Our district: home book of the district Neustadt an d. Waldnaab. Home register of the district of Neustadt an d. Waldnaab. Michael Lassleben, Kallmünz 1960.

Web links

Commons : Altes Schloss (Neustadt an der Waldnaab)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 75 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Felix Mader (arrangement): The art monuments of Upper Palatinate & Regensburg, Volume IX, District Office Neustadt an der Waldnaab. 1907 (reprinted by R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1981), p. 234.
  3. ↑ Old Castle in Neustadt / Waldnaab
  4. ^ Kulturpool - "Institute for Medieval Realienkunde Austria" (IMAREAL) Altes Schloss - Neustadt an der Waldnaab , accessed on January 1, 2020.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Brenner-Schäffer, 1866, p. 96.
  6. ^ Wilhelm Brenner-Schäffer, 1866, p. 9.
  7. ^ Aloysia Rebl (ed.): Neustadt an der Waldnaab: Heimatbildband with notes. Verlag Hölzl, Vohenstrauß 1982, p. 72.
  8. ↑ Old Castle in Neustadt an der Waldnaab , accessed on December 31, 2019.

Coordinates: 49 ° 43 ′ 51 ″  N , 12 ° 10 ′ 20.6 ″  E