Treswitz Castle
| Treswitz Castle | ||
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 Entrance to Treswitz Castle |
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| Creation time : | 12th Century | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Moosbach - Burgtreswitz | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 35 '42.2 " N , 12 ° 23' 23.6" E | |
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The castle Treswitz lies near the village Burgtreswitz , now a part of the Upper Palatinate market Moosbach . The medieval castle is registered as a monument (D-3-6440-0048) in Moosbach's list of monuments.
history
As the name Treswitz suggests, the area in which Treswitz Castle is located was first settled by Slavs . In the High Middle Ages the Nordgau came to the Counts of Sulzberg , who possibly founded this castle in the early 12th century. With Gebhard III. von Sulzbach , this important line died out in 1188 in the male line . On the marriage route, Gebhard's daughter Elisabeth married Count Rapoto , these properties came to the Ortenburgers . This also included Murach , the local branch of the Ortenburgers called von Ortenburg-Murach.
In a document dated March 8, 1232, a “Pernold the Younger, son of Pernoldus von Draeswitz” is named as the Ortenburg Ministeriale . In another document from 1255, “Siboto von Dreswitz” is mentioned as a witness. Pernold the Younger died before November 20, 1256. His sons Otto, Jordanus, Pernoldus, Martinus and Zezerna de Dreswitz are by donations to the monastery of St. Emmeram and the provost Böhmischbruck occupied. The Regensburg Cathedral Chapter took these brothers under its protection.
The Lords of Treswitz had their first seat in Altentreswitz ; the castle stable there dates from the 11th century and was later built over by the church of St. Matthew . The Treswitz family moved their residence to nearby Burgtreswitz . Bernold von Treswitz donated the properties in Altentreswitz and Burgtreswitz to the Church of the Assumption of Mary in Böhmischbruck around 1256 . In the same year Bernoldus miles de Dreaswitz donated his property in Böhmischbruck to the Regensburg Cathedral Chapter ; his sons Otto, Jordan, Pernold, Martin and Zezerna von Treswitz ceded their bailiwick to the St. Emmeram monastery via Böhmischbruck . After the sale to the Wittelsbachers, the Treswitzers moved to Hohentreswitz , but still owned land in Burgtreswitz. This family died out in Rothenstadt in the 16th century .
On November 6, 1272, Count Rapoto IV of Ortenburg-Murach sold his possessions between the Danube and the Bohemian Forest to Duke Ludwig II of the Wittelsbach family . From the Duke's Surbar from around 1280 on the vice office “across the Danube” it emerges that Treswitz was one of them. Even in the second half of the 13th century are income from the castle Draeswitz (the "returned castle in Treswitz" lat. Redditus castri ) in Urbar of Viztumamtes Lengenfeld called. The villages Moosbach , Ödpielmannsberg , Tröbes , Burgtreswitz, Gebhardsreuth , Ragenwies and Waltenrieth are shown as belonging to the castle . 1304 was the first nurse Konrad II. Of Paulsdorf called.
In the house contract of Pavia of 1329, Treswitz Castle is also mentioned, which fell to the Palatinate County near the Rhine in this partition contract . After the death of Count Palatine Rudolf II. Count Palatine Ruprecht II pushed for a principality of his own, as it was due to him after his father Adolf von der Pfalz ; this was confirmed to him on February 18, 1338 by Emperor Karl IV and Treswitz came to him with other villages ( Nabburg , Neunburg vorm Wald , Murach ). During this time, the Treswitz nursing office was set up , to which the land registry offices Eslarn , Waidhaus and Treswitz were assigned. On the Princely Day of Passau on July 17, 1353, Treswitz Castle was pledged to Emperor Charles IV. 1353 is proven as the first judge Otto the Zenger . With a renewed division of the country among the sons of the successor Ruprecht III. From the Palatinate , the Treswitz administration office fell to the Count Palatine Johann von Pfalz in 1410 . After his death († 1443) his son Christoph III. who was also King of Sweden (1441), Denmark (from 1440) and Norway (from 1442) by marriage, his successor. He appoints Hans von Parsberg and Hans von Wildenstein as care administrators . The Treswitz keepers only exercised the lower jurisdiction , the blood jurisdiction was exercised by the district court Nabburg and from 1441 by the district court Neunburg vorm Wald. Treswitz belonged to the Duchy of Palatinate-Neumarkt until 1499 . After the sudden death of Christopher III. the Upper Palatinate came to Otto I. He pledged the castle and office of Treswitz to the former caretaker Hans von Pleystein . Under Otto II , the new caretaker Georg Zenger had to confirm in writing that he had paid the debt of 800 guilders to the widow of the deceased Hans von Pleystein. From 1520 onwards, under the supervision of Hans Degenreuter, the building account for the castle began.
1518 had the Burghut in Treswitz Kaspar Grunschilt, who is also the country Aces freedom possessed. His successors were hammer master Hermann Eschenbegk and then his five sons Balthasar, Hans, Hans, Sebastian and Jörg. In 1545 the castle hat came to Paul Ott, who was no longer entitled to the freedom of the citizens of the country. In 1543 Frederick II gave the nursing office a coat of arms, which is now the coat of arms of Moosbach in the Upper Palatinate.
From 1585 the Treswitz office was also given high jurisdiction ; this was then approved by the administrator of the Electoral Palatinate, Count Palatine Johann Casimir , to all the caretakers and judges. The place of execution was located northeast of Burgtreswitz on the gallows fields. In 1594 the Treswitz and Tännesberg nursing offices were merged with their headquarters in Burgtreswitz. The association of offices referred to the high judiciary, which was exercised by the Oberamtmann in Burgtreswitz, a judicial office continued in Tännesberg, as well as in Eslarn and in Waidhaus. In 1610 Christoph von Crailsheim was a nurse. On July 1, 1620, Georg Friedrich von Landersheim zu Eigelberg was appointed captain of the Treswitz Fähnleins.
Under the Palatinate general Philipp von Mansfeld , the advance of Bavarian troops under Field Marshal Tilly was supposed to be stopped, which did not succeed. In 1623 the Upper Palatinate and thus also Treswitz was pledged to Elector Maximilian and granted him permanently in 1628. Treswitz therefore became a cure-Bavarian nursing office and court. In 1622 two companies of Spanish horsemen were quartered in the castle and caused great damage, the offices were devastated and the archive was set on fire. At that time the son of Kötzting's caretaker, Mathias Rosenhammer, became the local carer. In 1632 the nurse Hans Jacob Schad, who had been in office since 1628, reported that 30 men of the Eckmühl's Fähnlein were quartered in the castle under his command. At that time the stables were repaired, the gate system improved and an additional palisade fortification was created. In 1634 the castle was completely burned down on the orders of Count von Wahl (see below). In 1641 the caretaker Georg Weyermüller was able to move into the cattle house in the not completely burned down outer bailey. In 1650 the keeper Christoph Albrecht von Sazenhofen complained that he had to live in the castle like a farmer, the kitchen was in the area of the cattle house and that was not worthy of a keeper. In 1652 the caretaker Albert von Sazenhofen urged the government for funds for the reconstruction of the castle, supported by his brother-in-law Nothracht von Weißenstein , who was then rent master in Amberg.
Treswitz experienced a great boom under the barons of Lichtenstern, who worked as nurses in the 18th century, which culminated in the creation of a regional court (1799). The Lichtenstern were raised to the baron status on March 9, 1753. In 1708 ranz Christoph Reisner von Lichtenstern (married to Anna Korona Katharina Freiin von Asch) from Hauzendorf became the first incumbent of this family. In 1738 he handed over his office to his son Franz Ferndinand (* 1710 in Burgtreswitz; † 1763; married to Baron Rummel von Waldau); this was by Elector Maximilian III. Joseph raised to the status of imperial baron in 1753. In 1763 Franz Emanuel von Fernberg was appointed carer on Gröbenstädt, the then court clerk Giehrl von Sonnenberg had the statue of Saint Nepomuk erected at the Pfreimd Bridge. In 1770 Johann Michael Franz von Wildenau was the care administrator at Köblitz. During his tenure, large parts of the wall collapsed at the gate entrance.
Franz Marquard von Lichtenstern (* 1748; † 1807 in Nabburg; married to Baroness Meichsner von Alkofen), son of Franz Ferndinand ', was a carer in Treswitz from 1772 to 1802. The catchment area of the regional court at that time included the places Vohenstrauß , Moosbach, Pleystein , Eslarn , Waidhaus , Tännesberg , Waldthurn and Leuchtenberg .
Also worth mentioning is Karl Franz Reiser Freiherr von Lichtenstern (born August 14, 1776 at Treswitz Castle; † May 24, 1864 in Amberg ), who at the age of 27 became district judge (1803–1861) in Nabburg and then in Parkstein ; there he took over a high court , he was also a colonel in the Landwehr . His tomb is in Neustadt an der Waldnaab . He became known for his idiosyncratic jurisprudence: for example, he handed a man convicted of manslaughter over to the widow of slain to do the field work; He was also generous when the needy had stolen crops, but he did not want to abolish the flogging, even if he was reprimanded for it by the higher authority. He is also known for the rebuilding of Floß he ordered after the fire of 1813: Since the citizens could not agree, he had the land expropriated without further ado and ordered large and wide streets to be built and all the Städel to be moved to the outskirts, to prevent another fire. This gave Raft an urban character with cobbled streets and squares planted with linden and chestnut trees.
In 1803 the Treswitz Regional Court was reorganized by the Electoral Regional Directorate in the Upper Palatinate in Amberg, but with the rescript of State Minister Maximilian von Montgelas on March 16, 1809, the Treswitz Regional Court was relocated to the nearby Vohenstrauss in Friedrichsburg .
On November 12, 1810, the castle was acquired by the market town of Burgtreswitz, who in 1813 sold the northwest wing and the castle chapel to the prelate of the secularized monastery of St. Mang Magnus Singer of Regensburg. The sold valuable inventory of the church . In 1814 the innkeeper Adam Ulrich bought the caretaker's apartment in the eastern part of the castle and the prelate's share of the castle. He transferred the communal brewery he had previously acquired to the castle. In 1819 the building was sold to the innkeeper Johann Bodensteiner and his son Georg. In the following century the castle was used as a farm, brewery and inn. On August 4, 1819, son-in-law Wolfgang Schön from Biberach acquired the castle and built a brewery there. In the southern wing of the building he had a storage cellar built for the beer. His son Michael took over the business as his successor. He was followed again by his son Johann, who in 1918 had an ice cellar built under the former castle chapel. The castle brewery supplied sixty inns in the area with beer, the cold stone cellar, two floors below the castle, ensured that beer was always cool . On September 15, 1928, son-in-law Georg Kick took over the property. After Adelheid and Georg Kick were evacuated, this property passed back to Mathilde Schön (née Gressmann) in 1937. In 1938 the family firm Schön closed the brewery. In 1942 the Berlin lawyer Karl Alfred Krüger bought the castle. On May 26, 1983, Markt Burgtreswitz was able to purchase the badly dilapidated building with the right of first refusal.
From 1986 onwards, extensive renovation work was initiated with the support of a local development association. The restored castle is being revitalized through a number of events such as castle festivals, wine festivals, singers' meetings, concerts, folk music evenings, silent film evenings and children's holiday programs. The events take place either in the courtyard or in the Fletz inside the building. A public museum has been set up in the gateway.
Castle and chateau building
The building history tradition begins in the early 16th century. In 1520 the caretaker Hans Degenreutter presented an official invoice that is still preserved today; the Degenreutter (also called Tedenreuter) were previously located in Hopfenohe and Hans Degenreutter is also known in 1497 because of a dispute between the Pfraumberg rule over fishing rights in the Pfrentschweiher . Renovation work between 1522 and 1528 is also known under the caretaker Jörg von Brand . These were in connection with the visit of the Palatinate governor in the Upper Palatinate, Friedrich II. , And his brother Johann on the trip to Prague in 1525. In their entourage were 138 riders who were accommodated and fed in the community and in Moosbach had to be. The invoices mention repairs to the main castle, stables, forecourt, drawbridge and moat; a fish chest and a drinking trough were purchased. In 1520 the gate was equipped with oak sleepers, a portcullis and a new chain for pulling the drawbridge and new hinges. 1524 is also called the "high tower" on which the "Schlengl" (a small field snake ) stood; the iron for the cannon balls was supplied by the Altentreswitz hammer mill. In 1529 there is a battlement. In 1523 there was evidence of a castle prison and the installation of a loopholes. The windows of the castle buildings are glazed with "Venetian panes". The outer gate was laid out in 1525. In 1529 the registry was vaulted for better fire safety and provided with window bars and better doors. In 1591 the government in Amberg demanded proof of built-up “Paugelder”; this construction work was possibly in connection with the amalgamation of the offices of Treswitz and Tännesberg.
During the Thirty Years War , the castle was largely destroyed along with all the supplies stored there in 1634 on the orders of the Amberg city commandant, Count von Wahl . In 1633 troops of the Protestant Union under the command of Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar invaded the Treswitz office. On the orders of Graf von Wahl it was to be made impossible for the advancing enemy troops to go to the winter quarters in Treswitz. The keeper Schad could no longer use the castle and had to move to Moosbach for several years. On April 16, 1653, the government in Amberg approved the restoration of the front floor, where the walls were still standing, in order to build a registry on the ground floor, an office and interrogation room in the middle of the upper floor and above a box for the grain . The reconstruction then dragged on in several stages over decades. In 1664, under the care administrator Bartholomä Göring, a 38 m long and 14 m high masonry collapsed ; it was not possible to erect it again until 1669 (“new building”). In 1674 an oven was installed. In 1684/85 the next construction phase took place under the care administrator Christoph von Wolfeisen with the completion of a 54 m long and 10 m wide roof. In 1690 the first St. Mass celebrated in the new castle chapel "At the Immaculate Conception". In 1698 the castle was improved by the construction of a horse stable and the installation of vaults. In 1701 the castle stadel was demolished and completely rebuilt.
At the beginning of the 18th century the palace was in poor condition again, but it was not until 1732 that the court chamber in Munich permitted roof repairs; due to lack of money, the population had to hunt . Due to the increased construction costs from 1636 to 3381 guilders , the caretaker Franz Christoph Reisner von Lichtenstern got into trouble. A hurricane (1756) and hail damage (1767) soon caused great damage again. In 1786 construction work was permitted, in the course of which the tower was demolished and a new arched doorway (today still marked with the year 1786) was built. In addition, 24 dormers were installed and flat tiles were placed. However, there were further storm damage in 1791/92, which is why the General Commissariat of the Naabkreis decided on March 16, 1809 to move the official seat to the Friedrichsburg von Vohenstrauss and to sell the Treswitz Castle to the Burgtreswitz market.
Building description
The castle is a two-storey, roughly three-winged building with a gable roof around a closed inner courtyard. One side of the gatehouse to the north, which is covered with a hipped roof, is bent so that the inner courtyard forms an irregular trapezoid. The castle was secured to the south by a steep slope, to the west and northwest a moat was dug . The former keep was at the southern tip . The gate protrudes about 3 m from the wall. The entrance gate is a wooden star gate with the initials of the Lords of Lichtenstern. Above the archway (dated 1786) there is a Gothic, Electoral Palatinate coat of arms relief from approx. 1340. The western wall dates from the time the castle was built, the eastern wall can be assigned to the baroque construction phase (around 1650). To the left of the gate tower you get to the former dining room with groined vaults and a keystone of the Lichtensterner (six-pointed star). The castle chapel was housed in this area before the destruction in the Thirty Years' War . The chapel was moved to the southern part of the castle at the end of the 17th century. In the 19th century this chapel “To our dear lady” was also used for brewery purposes. The south-west corner collapsed in 1930 and was rebuilt with bricks (Gothic wall remains in the base).
literature
- Held, Ambros: Guide in and around Treswitz Castle. Burgtreswitz, self-published 1991.
- Held, Ambros: Burgtreswitz: from the history of the office and the castle - a small guide. Burgtreswitz, self-published 1996.
- Garreiss, Peter: Burgtreswitz Castle: Upper Palatinate Forest. Burgtreswitz, Friends of Burgtreswitz Castle 2003.
- Friends of Burgtreswitz Castle: Burgtreswitz Castle in the market town of Moosbach: History of Burgtreswitz Castle (1200–1987). Self-published, Moosbach 1988.
Web links
- Aerial photo Laumer: Burgtreswitz
- Entry on Burgtreswitz Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
- Oldest representation of Trewitz Castle
Individual evidence
- ^ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments : Moosbach Baudenkmäler . (PDF) In: geodaten.bayern.de. July 3, 2018, accessed June 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 41 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner ; Gustav Adelbert Seyler : The coat of arms of the Bavarian nobility. Repro. J. Siebmacher's large book of arms. II. Volume. Nuremberg 1856 Volume 22, Dead Bavarian families. Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1971, ISBN 3-87947-022-7 .
- ^ Adam Wolfgang Schuster: 100 years of the float. For the local festival of the Floß market in the Upper Palatinate Forest. Marktgemeinde Floß, Floß 1976, pp. 291-292.
Castles and castle ruins: Flossenbürg | Leuchtenberg | Neuhaus | Oberbibrach | Park stone | Schellenberg | Treswitz | Waldau
Castles and castle ruins: Altenhammer (Schlössl) | Burggrub | Burgtreswitz | Dießfurth | Dietersdorf | Enzenrieth | Ernstfeld | Eschenbach | Feilershammer | Filchendorf | Raft (Old Castle) | Raft (New Castle) | Frankenreuth | Friedrichsburg | Hammergmünd | Illsenbach | Kaimling | Kalmreuth | Neuenhammer | Neustadt an der Waldnaab (Old Castle) | Neustadt an der Waldnaab (New Castle) | Pirk | Püchersreuth | Rye stone | Röthenbach | Rupprechtsreuth | Schlammersdorf | Schlossfrankenohe | Stone rock | Tagmanns | Trippach | Troschelhammer | Lower jacket | Waldau | Waldthurn | Waltenrieth | Weihersberg | Zintl hammer
Further castles and palaces, including those that have been removed: List of castles and palaces in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district