Archea Epidavros
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Local community Archea Epidavros Τοπική Κοινότητα Αρχαίας Επιδαύρου (Αρχαία Επίδαυρος) |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country |
 Greece
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| region | Peloponnese | ||
| Regional district | Argolis | ||
| local community | Epidavros | ||
| Parish | Epidavros | ||
| Geographic coordinates | 37 ° 38 ' N , 23 ° 9' E | ||
| Height above d. M. |
11 m |
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| surface | 29.404 km² | ||
| Residents | 1932 (2011) | ||
| Population density | 65.71 inhabitants / km² | ||
| LAU-1 code no. | 41030201 | ||
| Local division | 7th | ||
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Archea Epidavros ( Greek Αρχαία Επίδαυρος ( f. Sg. ), Ancient Epidauros') is a local community in the Greek municipality of Epidavros . The main town is the small port town of Palea Epidavros ( Greek Παλαιά Επίδαυρος ( f. Sg. ), Old Epidauros'), which is about 13 km from the famous Asclepius sanctuary Epidauros on the coast of the Saronic Gulf in the Argolis region in the Peloponnese lies. The city of Palea Epidavros is often called Archea Epidavros.
Community structure
Palea Epidavros was an independent rural community until 1992 ( Greek ιοινότητα kinotita ) and was raised to a community ( Greek Δήμος dimos ) in 1992 and officially renamed Archea Epidavros. However, the city kept its name. In 1997 Archea Epidavros was downgraded to a parish with the Kapodistrias program . From now on the name Archea Epidavros came into use for the city, although the official name was still Palea Epidavros. The village of Spilia ( Greek Σπηλιά ( f. Sg. )), Located south of the peninsula, became a district of Palea Epidavros and south of Epano Epidavros, the new town of Panorama ( Greek Πανόραμα ( n. Sg. )) Was founded. In 2011 Archea Epidavros was finally downgraded to the local community. The newly founded villages of Agia Paraskevi and Galani and the Kalamiou monastery were added.
- Local community Archea Epidavros (Τοπική Κοινότητα Αρχαίας Επιδαύρου)
- Palea Epidavros (Παλαιά Επίδαυρος, 1.618 Ew.)
- Agia Paraskevi (Αγία Παρασκευή, 23 Ew.)
- Galani (Γαλάνη, 23 Ew.)
- Epano Epidavros (Επάνω Επίδαυρος, 116 Ew.)
- Moni (Klotser) Kalamiou (Μόνη Καλαμίου, 33 Ew.)
- Panagia (Παναγία, 74 Ew.)
- Panorama (Πανόραμα, 45 Ew.)
History and myths
The oldest finds from the ancient port city of Epidaurus date from the Mycenaean period (15th to 11th centuries BC). According to tradition, the city was originally called Epitauros and was inhabited by Carians . Epidaurus , the son of Apollo, is considered the founder of the city . After the hymn of Isyllos , the epidaur Malos founded the sanctuary of Apollon Maleatas . When the robber Periphetes was up to mischief here and killed travelers with a club of iron, the hero Theseus came and killed him. Homer reported that the wine kingdom of Epidaurus took part in the Trojan War under Diomedes . When the Peloponnese were conquered by the Herakleids , King Pityreus , son of Ion , surrendered the city to Deiphontes without a fight .
In the 7th century BC The tyrant Prokles ruled in Epidauros. However, his son-in-law Periander , the tyrant of Corinth , conquered the city and took Prokles prisoner. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC Epidaurus was a member of the amphictyony of Kalauria . According to Herodotus , the island of Aegina was settled by Dorians from Epidaurus and the island was initially dependent on the city, but fell around 600 BC. From. When there were bad harvests in Epidaurus, Delphi asked for advice. The oracle recommended Damia and Auxesia to build statues out of olive wood. For this reason Athens was asked for olive wood, promised to sacrifice to Athena Polias and Erechtheus in Athens in the future and kept this promise. However, Aegina attacked Epidaurus and stole the cult statues. Epidaurus stopped the offerings and Athens now demanded them from Aegina, who refused.
Together with Troizen , Epidaurus is said to have founded the city of Halicarnassus . Late 6th or early 5th century BC The famous Asklepieion of Epidaurus was founded . During the invasion of Xerxes , eight ships were placed in the Battle of Artemision and ten in the Battle of Salamis . An army was also sent to defend the Isthmus of Corinth and 800 fighters to the battle of Plataiai - they faced the Bactrians in the battle line . Around 460 BC There was a conflict with Argos . 458 BC Corinth and Epidaurus came to the aid of the city of Halieis against Athens. While Thucydides pronounces victory on the Peloponnesians, Diodorus claims that Athens had the upper hand. The waste Megaras of Athens supported Epidauros with Corinth and Sicyon . In the summer of 430 BC An Athenian army landed on the coast of Epidaurus, devastating the country, but could not conquer the city. After Athens in the summer of 425 BC The epidaurian land was invaded again in the summer of 423 BC. BC for the armistice between Athens and the Peloponnesians, the Amphias, the son of Eupaiidas, signed for the Epidaurer. 419 BC BC war broke out between Argos and Epidaurus. The pretext was the epidauric refusal to make a sacrifice to Apollon Pythaios. Until the year 418 BC Chr. Argos invaded the country several times and devastated a third of the lands. Sparta eventually stationed 300 fighters in the city. End of 418 BC BC Athens occupied the small peninsula on which the Hera temple of Epidaurus was and fortified this position. In the following winter Athens forced Sparta to withdraw its troops from Epidaurus and to raze its walls.
368 BC The Argives invaded Epidaurus again. The Athenian Chabrias rushed to the city's aid and appeared in the rear of the attackers. Only through the intervention of the Arcadians could the Argives escape. 243 BC Epidaurus was a member of the Achaean League . Aratos of Sicyon landed in 223 BC. In Epidaurus to march against Argos. From 115/4 BC. The city was allied with Rome . In the Synekdemos des Hierokles , a listing of the eparchies of the Byzantine Empire of the 6th century AD, Epidaurus was listed under the name Pilaura ( Greek Πιλαύρα ).
description
In ancient times , Palea Epidavros was the port city belonging to the sanatorium, through which many pilgrims traveled to the Asklepieion . Today, many tourists use the idyllic place, which seems to be surrounded by lemon and orange groves, not infrequently as an overnight place to visit Epidaurus from here.
On the Nisi peninsula, which divides the bay of Palea Epidavros in two halves, there are still clear remnants of the ancient place to be seen. On top of the acropolis hill, there are remains of an imposing wall, which probably belonged to a fort in Byzantine times, but point to ancient origins for the walling of the acropolis. At the southwest corner of the Acropolis, archaeologists have uncovered the remains of a small theater with 18 rows of seats and the foundations of a stage house, with backrests in the front seats. It is believed that this theater was assigned to a Dionysus shrine. Extensive ancient houses were also uncovered on the peninsula.
Mycenaean graves , which were uncovered in the center of the village , prove that the place was already settled in Mycenaean times .
Remnants of ancient buildings can be seen underwater at the southwestern end of the peninsula. A little further south, near the bank, the remains of a Roman estate can be found under water. In GoogleEarth, the remains of a large quay wall that still existed underwater, leading from the tip of this peninsula in an arc to the southeast, through which the southwest part of the bay was formerly a port of considerable size, can be seen very well.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ απογραφή-πληθυσμού-1991
- ↑ Strabo : Geographica , 8, 6, 15 (p. 374)
- ^ Pausanias : Travels in Greece , 2, 26, 1
- ↑ IG IV² 1 684 and IG IV², 1 454
- ^ Libraries of Apollodorus , 3, 217
- ↑ Homer: Iliad , 2, 561
- ^ Pausanias: Travels in Greece , 2, 26, 1
- ↑ Herodotus : Historien , 3, 50–52
- ↑ Strabo: Geographica , 8, 6, 14 (p. 374)
- ↑ Herodotus: Historien , 8, 46
- ↑ Herodotus: Historien , 5, 82
- ↑ Herodotus: Historien , 7, 99
- ↑ Herodotus: Historien , 8, 1
- ↑ Herodotus: Historien , 8, 43
- ↑ Herodotus: Historien , 9, 28–31
- ^ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 1, 105
- ↑ Diodor: Greek World History , 11, 78
- ↑ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 1, 114
- ^ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 2, 56
- ↑ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 4, 45
- ↑ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 4, 119
- ^ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 5, 53-58
- ↑ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 5, 75
- ↑ Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War , 5, 77
- ↑ Xenophon : Hellenika , 7, 1, 25
- ↑ Plutarch : Aratos , 24
- ↑ Plutarch: Aratos , 44; Plutarch: Kleomenes , 41