August von Reiman (District President)

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Georg Johann Gerhard August von Reiman, around 1820/1830

Georg Johann Gerhard August von Reiman (n) (born August 22, 1771 in Kleve , † February 26, 1847 in Berlin ; Prussian nobility from November 23, 1786) was a Prussian and Westphalian civil servant. Reiman had worked in leading positions in regional administrations from 1803 and helped to expand the Prussian chamber administration on the Lower Rhine. Alongside other Prussian state officials such as Daniel Heinrich Delius and Philipp von Pestel , he laid the foundations for the regional administrations in what would later become the Rhine Province in 1822. During the period of upheaval in the German states under Napoleon Bonaparte , he gained experience as a prefect in three departments of the Kingdom of Westphalia modern French civil administration and the office system . In this respect, Reimann embodied a new type of civil servant in contrast to the civil servants of the 18th century. In 1813, after the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , he also took part in the Braunschweig government commission, in which he laid the foundations for the tax constitution of the future Duchy of Braunschweig .

Life

Origin and education

August von Reiman came from an Evangelical Reformed family that had repeatedly provided higher officials in the Duchy of Kleve and Mark , which had belonged to the House of Hohenzollern and finally to the Kingdom of Prussia since the 17th century. He was the son of the main domain treasurer and bank director, Privy Councilor Johann Reinhard Peter von Reiman (1731 - approx. 1801). This was knighted after the end of the reign of King Frederick the Great . August von Reiman's mother was Baroness Anna Christina Godefreda von Forell. He received private tuition at home until he was twelve. Then he attended the grammar school in Hamm until 1789 , which he left when he passed the school leaving examination . He then went to study law and camera studies at the University of Halle .

As a trainee lawyer he found employment in April 1793 at the War and Domain Chamber in Kleve, from where he moved to Hamm from June to December 1794 in the same position. Oberpräsident vom Stein instructed him on December 1, 1794 to assist his father, who was staying with the Chamber in Wesel . After his father returned to Kleve in July 1795 due to illness, he ran the cash register in Kassel independently. August von Reiman was appointed trainee lawyer on March 3, 1796 without a previous examination and passed the major examination on April 8, 1797 before the Prussian minister Friedrich von Heynitz . As a successor to his father, from December 1797 he acted as provincial domain treasurer ( i.e. 'agent for mortgages' for the region) and chamber assessor in Kleve.

Career

In August 1797 August von Reiman joined the Cleve War and Domain Chamber; on March 1, 1799 he was there war and domain council with the seat in Wesel. After the reorganization of the western Prussian territories and the gain of the diocese of Münster through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1802/1803, Reiman was active in the main organization commission to set up a new provincial administration. In November 1803 he moved as the third councilor to the newly established War and Domain Chamber in Münster. From there he worked as a commissioner in Paderborn since April 1804 with the division of the Lippisch-Prussian general offices and from June 1805 as "Deputatur Camerae" (chamber delegate) in the Principality of Paderborn. On July 3, 1806, he was appointed permanent commissioner of the Münster War and Domain Chamber in Paderborn.

Even after the establishment of the Napoleonic model state, the Kingdom of Westphalia , von Reiman initially remained in the administration of the Principality of Paderborn and was entrusted with the new administrative regulations of January 11, 1808 with the takeover of the prefecture of the Werra department in Marburg. From there he was transferred to the Fuldadepartement in Kassel in the same position in August 1808 . There he succeeded the Hessian castle captain August Wilhelm Karl Graf von Hardenberg . In parallel to his administrative functions, von Reiman was a member of the imperial estates of the Kingdom of Westphalia for the sessions 1808 and 1810, which was unusual for officials of the kingdom. At the second session Reimann became a member of the Order of the Westphalian Crown, which was founded there by King Jerome .

When unrest and brawls broke out in the city of Braunschweig in the Oker department at the beginning of 1812 between billeted French and stationed Westphalian troops, Reiman was appointed to the position of the deposed Prefect Friedrich Henneberg at the beginning of February, while being appointed to the State Council . With his first official acts, he spoke out sharply against the government's actions, which had reacted to the unrest by sending the 21st Line Regiment under General Adam Ludwig von Ochs . Reiman had no success with this and could not prevent the Braunschweig citizens from being disarmed and placed under police surveillance. The capitalization of the land, which the Westphalian government strongly promoted through secularization and cheaper domain sales, seemed to have been received negatively in the Brunswick citizens. Reiman's financial policy as prefect in Braunschweig accommodated this trend by trying to counteract the disposition of the Braunschweigische Landeskirche. While the Aegidia Church was converted into a warehouse and the bells were melted down for the equipment of the Westphalian Army in 1812, the prefect was able to protect the cathedral bells through his intercession. It should also have been thanks to him that the Brunswick lion, a symbol of the city, was not melted down. When he led the armament of the Westphalian troops for Napoleon's offensive against Russia and Prussia in Braunschweig at the beginning of 1813 , he took increasingly unpopular measures among the communities in the districts. Since the Westphalian military authorities complained about spoiled meat, the taxes in kind had to be sent back at the expense of the towns and then forcibly obtained. From July 4th to 20th, Reiman sent 2,000 entrenchment workers on orders from the troops to expand the fortress in Magdeburg , who had to pay for the communities themselves.

In December 1813, the returned Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Oels, at the advice of Privy Councilor Justus von Schmidt-Phiseldeck (1769-1851), also set him up as a Privy Councilor in the provisional Duke of Braunschweig government of Count Gebhard von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg . The Commission's business had become extremely difficult after the Duke of Brunswick tried to usurp all the decisions to himself. The councils barely succeeded in installing a new chamber and a national debt system, while the duke often acted without specialist knowledge and believed rumors from the population. Reiman and von Schulenburg wanted to say goodbye after eight days in the commission and unanimously declared it to the duke on February 25, 1814, after almost all Braunschweig troops had to be sent out of the country on his order. Reimann received a brisk letter in response to his resignation request and, after his resignation, told a secretary of the government commission that Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Oels “was of no use at all, the duke demanded slavish adherence to his absurd ideas and mere executive tools; I would not have the recklessness to look at it without inner grief and sorrow and allow myself to be used for it ” . Another request from Schulenburgs to join the State Ministry was rejected by von Reiman in 1815.

In May 1814 he finally joined the Lower Rhine General Government in Aachen, which was headed by his brother-in-law Johann August Sack . After it was merged with the Generalgouvernement of the Middle Rhine to form the Generalgouvernement of Lower and Middle Rhine , which in turn formed the Province of the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine , Reiman received the order in November 1815 to build the government in Trier . After Daniel Heinrich Delius was appointed regional president in Trier in January 1816, who had previously been entrusted with the organizational establishment of the new Aachen government, von Reiman received his appointment as regional president in Aachen with the highest cabinet order on April 22, 1816. On March 15, 1816, Karl August von Hardenberg asked von Reiman to succeed Johann August Sack in Aachen, who was transferred to Pomerania. He took over the official business on March 23, 1816. By order of the king, von Reiman set up the “General Repayment Commission” in Aachen in April 1816, whose task it was to clear the general government's accounts and accounts for the Lower and Middle Rhine the years 1814 and 1815. In 1817 the accounting officers were discharged, and in 1822 the commission was dissolved. At the same time he formed the "General Liquidation Commission" to assert private claims by Prussian citizens against France.

Social unrest in the Rhineland during the period of the French July Revolution of 1830 , where he supported demands from workers, contributed to the fact that von Reiman - who had been registered as a nobleman of the Rhine Province in 1829 - with the highest cabinet order of March 4, 1834 from his office was dismissed as district president and transferred to the State Ministry in Berlin. After being appointed a member of the State Council, he was charged with drafting laws, including those relating to the police. In addition, Reiman was the first President of the Board of Trustees of the Prussian Pension Insurance Fund, founded in 1838 . With his resignation from the State Council on January 16, 1843, he was 63 years old for "provisional employment available". He died as a Privy Senior Councilor.

family

In his first marriage, von Reiman married Friederike Christine Adeleide Wilhelmine Haß (* February 15, 1774; † before April 1804), daughter of the chamber director Ernst Philipp Haß, in Minden on September 8, 1799. In his second marriage on April 9, 1804 in Mühlhausen, he married Anna Albertine von Tschirschky (* September 22, 1774; †?), A daughter of the Prussian major general and Wesel commanders Friedrich August Albrecht von Tschirschky and Johanne Beate (née von Kessel and Zeutsch from Racke). The later Eupen District Administrator August von Reiman emerged from the second marriage .

Aftermath

In 1893 the city council of Aachen followed the proposal of the city archivist Pick, "in memory of the first, with the local population popular district president sehrt of Reimann" a road to designate an honor that until 1967 only one of his successors, Friedrich von Kühlwetter , was bestowed . However, von Reiman was probably the only district president whose whereabouts the city council drafted an immediate petition and submitted to the Prussian king.

In his function as prefect, Reiman was responsible for the crumbling of the documents of the landscape archive in Braunschweig, which resulted in enormous losses of meeting minutes, tax lists, stock books and similar class documents from the 17th and 18th centuries. The remains of the state files are now in the Lower Saxony State Archives in Wolfenbüttel.

literature

  • Max Bär : The administrative constitution of the Rhine province since 1815. (= publications of the Society for Rheinische Geschichtskunde , Volume XXXV), Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1998 (second edition of the new print Bonn 1919), ISBN 3-7700-7600-1 .
  • The protocols of the Prussian State Ministry 1817–1934 / 38 , Ed. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften , (= Acta Borussica NF, Series 1), Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2004, p. 438. ( online ; PDF; 2.9 MB)
  • Jochen Lengemann : Parliaments in Hesse 1808–1813. Biographical handbook of the Imperial Estates of the Kingdom of Westphalia and the Estates Assembly of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-458-16185-6 , p. 176.
  • Bernhard Poll : District President August von Reiman (1771–1847). In: 150 years of government and administrative district Aachen. Contributions to their history , published by Regierungspräsident Aachen , Aachen 1967, pp. 293–307 and illustration (after p. 322).
  • Horst Romeyk : The leading state and municipal administrative officials of the Rhine Province 1816–1945 (=  publications of the Society for Rhenish History . Volume 69 ). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-7585-4 , p. 684 .
  • Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 791 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Friedrich Thimme : The internal conditions of the Electorate of Hanover under the French-Westphalian rule. Volume II, Hanover / Leipzig 1895, p. 111.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Horst Romeyk: The leading state and municipal administrative officials of the Rhine Province 1816–1945
  2. ↑ a b c d Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  3. ↑ Dorothea Puhle, Das Herzogtum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the Kingdom of Westphalia, (= Supplements to the Braunschweigischer Jahrbuch, Vol. 5), Braunschweig 1989, p. 163.
  4. ↑ Dorothea Puhle, Das Herzogtum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the Kingdom of Westphalia, (= Supplements to the Braunschweigischer Jahrbuch, Vol. 5), Braunschweig 1989, p. 327.
  5. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt : History of the Kingdom of Westphalia , Gotha 1893, p. 474.
  6. ↑ Dorothea Puhle, Das Herzogtum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the Kingdom of Westphalia, (= Supplements to the Braunschweigischer Jahrbuch, Vol. 5), Braunschweig 1989, p. 328.
  7. ↑ Dorothea Puhle, Das Herzogtum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the Kingdom of Westphalia, (= Supplements to the Braunschweigischer Jahrbuch, Vol. 5), Braunschweig 1989, p. 197.
  8. ^ Wilhelm August Gottlieb Assmann : The city of Braunschweig. A historical-topographical handbook for locals and foreigners. Dept. II, Braunschweig 1841, p. 203 online .
  9. ↑ Herbert Mundhenke: The development of the Brunswick district constitution from 1814-1884. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch. Vol. 35 (1954), p. 107.
  10. ^ Heinrich Mack : On the government history of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig. Letters of a contemporary , In: Yearbook of the History Association for the Duchy of Braunschweig Vol. 13 (1914), p. 135. (Christian von Schrader from March 1, 1814 to his brother)
  11. ^ Heinrich Mack: On the government history of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig. Letters of a contemporary , In: Yearbook of the History Association for the Duchy of Braunschweig Vol. 13 (1914), pp. 140f., (Christian von Schrader from March 6, 1814 to his brother), online
  12. ^ Bernhard Poll: District President August von Reiman (1771–1847), Aachen 1967, p. 296.
  13. ^ Heinrich Mack: On the government history of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig. Letters of a contemporary , In: Yearbook of the History Association for the Duchy of Braunschweig Vol. 13 (1914), p. 139., (Christian von Schrader from March 3, 1814 to his brother)
  14. ↑ Max Bär: The authority constitution of the Rhine province since 1815. Düsseldorf 1998, p. 121 f.
  15. ↑ Max Bär: The Authorities Constitution of the Rhine Province since 1815, Düsseldorf 1998, p. 173l.
  16. ^ Bernhard Poll: District President August von Reiman (1771–1847). Aachen 1967, p. 302.
  17. ^ Marianne Löhr: Reiman, Georg Johann Gerhard von , In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 19th and 20th centuries . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8 , p. 481 .
  18. ^ Bernhard Poll: District President August von Reiman (1771–1847), Aachen 1967, p. 306
  19. ^ Bernhard Poll: District President August von Reiman (1771–1847), Aachen 1967, p. 307.
  20. ↑ Dorothea Puhle, Das Herzogtum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the Kingdom of Westphalia, (= Supplements to the Braunschweigischer Jahrbuch, Vol. 5), Braunschweig 1989, p. 283 f.
personal data
SURNAME Reiman, August of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reiman, Johann Gottfried August von (full name); Reimann, August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian administrative officer, district president (Aachen) and state councilor
DATE OF BIRTH August 22, 1771
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleve
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1847
Place of death Berlin