Baar (landscape)

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View from Wartenberg to Baar and Danube

With Baar or Baar high trough the location in its core area at about 670-750 meters today plateau between the Black Forest and Schwäbischer Alb in southwestern Germany respectively. The name comes from the former Landgraviate of Baar (see also historical Baaren ), which, however, was somewhat larger. The natural Baar covers an area of ​​410 km². The highest point is the Jura - Zeugenberg Lupfen with 976 meters; however, the predominant rock in the landscape is shell limestone , which is why the Baar is classified as part of the Gau .

Natural structure

The Baar is a natural area of ​​the Neckar and Tauber-Gäuplatten (main unit 12) in the south-west German layer level country . It leads the number 121 in the systematics of the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany and is divided into sub-units as follows (decimal places):

  • 121 Baar
    • 121.0 (no naming)
      • 121.00 Villinger-Bräunlinger Schwarzwaldvorland (sheet Konstanz; = 121.10 Baar-Gäuplatte on sheet Sigmaringen)
    • 121.1 / 2 Baaralbvorland (sheet Konstanz; = 121.20 / 30 on sheet Sigmaringen)
      • 121.10 Lias plates of the northern Baarhochmulde (Konstanz sheet; = 121.20 Baar lias plates on Sigmaringen sheet)
      • 121.12 Riedbaar
      • 121.13 Southern Baaralb foreland
      • 121.2 Northern Baaralb plinth and Lupfenbergland (Konstanz sheet; = 121.30 Baaralb foothills on Sigmaringen sheet)

Bounding landscapes

The natural spatial main unit 121 Baar is, in clockwise order, framed by the following main units:

To the Baaralb to the east and south, the Baar is bounded by mountains with a relatively uniform height of 900 meters (Blathalde, Fürstenberg, etc.); to the south-east the altitude decreases towards the Alb-Wutach area, which continues the Gäue, but drains towards the Wutach . It is separated from Hegau in the southeast by the ridge of the Baaralb and Hegaualb .

landscape

Hermann Dischler (1867–1935): The Baar

On the Baar lies the source of the Neckar ( Schwenninger Moos ) and the source of the Danube in the Donaueschingen Castle Park . The source rivers of the Danube - Brigach and Breg, which flow together there, arise outside the natural area of ​​Baar near Furtwangen in the Black Forest and St. Georgen in the Black Forest . However, on the Baar you can find the sources of the Krähenbach and the Elta , the first tributaries of the Danube after the sinking of the Danube near Möhringen , where the Danube completely seeps away for most of the year.

There is a shallow cold air pool near Donaueschingen , which is one of the coldest spots in Germany . The long-term average here already sees the first night frost on September 20 - and thus even earlier than in the nearby Black Forest.

The north-east of the Baar is a landscape divided by deep valleys with witness mountains of the Jura such as the Hohenkarpfen and the Lupfen ( 975.5  m above sea  level , König der Baar ) as the highest elevation.

Cities and towns in the Baar

The small town of Fürstenberg in der Baar , destroyed by a major fire in 1841 - (near Donaueschingen) was not rebuilt (view around 1840)

The Baar as a landscape forms the core area of the Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg region and includes the Schwarzwald-Baar district with the exception of its northwestern areas, the westernmost part of the Tuttlingen district and the southernmost part of the Rottweil district and protrudes in the west into the Breisgau district -High Black Forest into it.

The medium- sized towns of Donaueschingen and Villingen-Schwenningen are located in the Baar , with the western part of the Villingen district already assigned to the Black Forest.

The small towns of the Baar are (from north to south):

Also Geisingen , Löffingen and Blumberg are historically on the Baar, but in the Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany not assigned to the Baar.

Other independent communities are (from north to south):

Also Mönchweiler and King in the Black Forest are occasionally associated with the Baar.

history

Originally there was in the Carolingian Alamannia three Baaren , the east, the west and the Albuinsbaar. These were large administrative units that consisted of several districts. The area of ​​the landscape known today as Baar was the Adelhartsbaar, part of the Westbaar. The area around Rottweil formed the county of Baar from the 8th to 10th centuries.

Later the counts of Sulz were enfeoffed with the Baar, who appeared in this area as early as the 11th century. In 1282, Count Hermann von Sulz left the county of Baar to King Rudolf I , who gave it to Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg . She remained of its descendants until the 19th century.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen and others: Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  2. ↑ a b c d Natural area profile Baar (121) - LUBW (PDF; 7.1 MB; notes )
  3. ↑ The Baar landscape profile ( memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) of the BfN shows only 376 km², as parts of the Baar there were relocated to the Upper Danube Valley profile ( memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ Friedrich Huttenlocher: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  5. ^ Alfred G. Benzing: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 186 Konstanz. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  6. ↑ Despite different numerical codes on the pages Sigmaringen and Konstanz, the respective unit with one decimal place does not in fact summarize any landscapes.
  7. ↑ Main natural areas of Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 3.1 MB), changes (PDF; 2.4 MB; pp. 55–58) - LUBW ( notes )
  8. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  9. ↑ Baar . Entry in Meyers Konversationslexikon. Fourth edition, 1885-1892; Volume 2, p. 200. Online at peter-hug.ch from May 8, 2007.
  10. ↑ Joachim Sturm: The Blumberger story . In: Schwarzwälder Bote, Blumberg edition of June 29, 2011. Online at schwarzwaelder-bote.de.

literature

  • Ulrich Lutz: The rulership in the Landgraviate of Baar at the turn of the 15th to the 16th century. A contribution to the emergence of the territorial state and the history of the Peasants' War. Bühl / Baden 1979, ISBN 3-7826-0046-0 .
  • Günther Reichelt : Where the Danube and Neckar arise - The Baar. Otto Morys Hofbuchhandlung, Donaueschingen 1990, ISBN 3-9802492-0-4 .
  • Günther Reichelt (Ed.): The Baar. Walks through landscape and culture. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1972.
  • Günther Reichelt: Baartage. Observations and pictures. Verlag der Morys Hofbuchhandlung, Donaueschingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-9802492-3-2 .
  • Günther Reichelt: Baar walks. Forays through the landscape and culture [with 45 hiking routes]. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Morys Hofbuchhandlung, Donaueschingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-9802492-5-6 . (First edition under the title: Baarwanderungen : Forays through landscape and culture with celebrities of the region, 200 years of the association for history and natural history of the Baar / Baar association. [Using the messages from Raimund Fleischer], association for history and natural history of the Baar, Donaueschingen 2004, ISBN 3-00-013975-3 ).
  • Alexander Siegmund (Ed.): Fascination Baar. Portraits from nature and landscape. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Mory, Donaueschingen 2006, ISBN 3-9802492-2-0 . (First self-published edition: Hüfingen 2004, ISBN 3-00-012635-X ).
  • Otto Schaub: On the geology of the Baar. In: 100 Years of the German Alpine Association, Baar Section 1908–2008 Ed .: German Alpine Association, Baar Section, pp. 59–75.
  • Hugo Siefert: Protection against hail on the Baar 1810–2010. In: Schriften der Baar. 54 (2011), pp. 91-96. on-line
  • L. Reich: The Baden landscape of Baar and its inhabitants. In: Badenia or das Badische Land und Volk, first volume, Heidelberg 1859, pp. 431–461 online in the Google book search

Web links

Commons : Baar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 56 ′ 0 ″  N , 8 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  E