Badstrasse (Berlin)
| Badstrasse | |
|---|---|
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| Badstrasse at the level of Pankebrücke / Ufer-Hallen, view towards the Pankstrasse underground station |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Healthy well |
| Created | 1752 |
| Hist. Names | Brunnenweg |
| Name received | before 1835 |
| Connecting roads | Brunnenstrasse, Schwedenstrasse |
| Cross streets | (Selection) Behmstrasse, Prinzenallee , Pankstrasse, Buttmannstrasse |
| Places | Hanne-Sobeck-Platz |
| Numbering system | Horseshoe numbering |
| Rail connection |
Gesundbrunnen station , Metro Station Pankstraße |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 950 meters |
The Bath Street is an important link road in the Berlin district of Gesundbrunnen the Mitte district . It got its name after the Luisenbad , an earlier healing spring opened in 1760 , and is part of the connection between the eastern city center and the northern districts of Berlin .
Location and course
The street is one of the three main roads through the district. It begins at the Gesundbrunnen S and U-Bahn station as an extension of Brunnenstrasse and leads in a north-westerly direction over the intersection of Pankstrasse and the corner of Prinzenallee to Panke , where Luisenbad was named, over the Badbrücke to the adjoining Schwedenstrasse. Badstrasse is part of the superordinate road network of Berlin and has network category II (superordinate road connection).
history
A watermill was built on the banks of the Panke in 1714, with which the development and settlement of the district began in the 18th century. The Brunnenstrasse and its extension were laid out in 1752 by order of Frederick II under the name Strasse von Rosenthal . Before 1752 it ran as a sandy path from the Rosenthaler Tor in a north-northwest direction. In addition to the connection between Berlin and today's district of Rosenthal , it served to develop the mineral spring created by Heinrich Wilhelm Behm , which became known as Friedrichs-Gesundbrunnen from 1758 - and gave the district its name. On the map from 1722, Badstrasse and Brunnenstrasse without a name at the Pankemühle are marked as a route. The street was already listed in Winckler's 1835 address book.
With the Frederician colonization in the second half of the 18th century, many streets emerged in this area, such as Gartenstraße as an unpaved path from Hamburger Tor via today'sgerichtstraße to Vorwerk Wedding. Ackerstrasse was laid out in 1752 with the Neu-Voigtland colony, as was Brunnenstrasse, which was soon extended to Gesundbrunnen. The Koloniestraße, which starts from the Gesundbrunnen and west of the Panke, opened up the colony behind the Gesundbrunnen, founded in 1782.
Spa
In 1760 the spa was opened under the name "Friedrichs-Gesundbrunnen" by the court pharmacist Heinrich Wilhelm Behm, who ran it until his death in 1780. The bath deteriorated visibly under his heirs. In 1808 the successful "Medicinal Assessor" and bookseller Flittner acquired the fountain and renovated the now dilapidated facility. Through the relationship of his cousin Friederike Bethmann-Unzelmann to the court, he was able to win Queen Luise as namesake. Luise wrote a letter of congratulations from her exile in Königsberg for the upcoming baptism of the bath:
"Her Majesty the Queen takes pleasure in fulfilling the request of a senior medical assessor, Mr. Flittner, and therefore would like to approve that a comrade to be elected witness the baptism as a witness in the highest name. In the future, the most highly esteemed will hear with particular sympathy about the happy physical and merry development of their little daughter, and sincerely wish her a happy future out of the times of misery in which she saw the light of day "
It is doubtful whether the namesake was ever at Gesundbrunnen, as the royal family did not return to Berlin from Königsberg until December 23, 1809 and died on July 19, 1810.
Popular destination
The Luisenbad was an excursion destination for Berliners and from the turn of the 18th to the 19th century led to the development of Badstrasse as a bourgeois boulevard with numerous public gardens, restaurants and theaters (well-known establishments were Weimann's Volksgarten, Rose Theater, Marienbad or Victoria Garden ) . At the end of the 19th century, the district was a popular destination for Berliners.
Development in the 19th century
A first development plan for the area was created in 1830, by Friedrich Wilhelm III. was approved. James Hobrecht took over the designed road network in his development plan issued in 1862 . From 1832 to 1835, St. Paul's Church was built as the third of the Schinkel suburban churches. It was inaugurated on May 12, 1835.
The watermill built in 1714 collapsed in 1830 and was replaced by a new building from 1843–1844, which is still preserved today as the oldest residential and commercial building on Badstrasse.
The street was planted with linden trees in 1824 and it was not paved until 1849. Land speculation began when the Waaren-Credit-Gesellschaft, founded in 1856, bought large areas of land on Brunnenstrasse and prepared them for development. The Luisenbad park was also built over. As early as the middle of the 19th century, representative villas and tenement houses were built, which today are listed as the Gesundbrunnen center (No. 27–51, built 1862–1913) and form the historical core of the district. This also includes the Luisenhaus (No. 38/39) and the Pankemühle (40a) with the Arnheim rental house (40/41), where Georg Benjamin lived and worked from 1931 to 1933.
With the incorporation of Weddings, Gesundbrunnen and the Schönholz colony in Berlin in 1861, growth continued. In 1869, 90 percent of the buildings on Badstrasse consisted of one and two-story houses. With the increasing industrialization of Brunnenstrasse, the characteristic five-storey construction also made its way into Brunnenstrasse within a few years.
With the opening of the Ringbahn for passenger traffic in 1872 and the opening of the Northern Railway in 1877 and the tram lines arriving here, Berlin Gesundbrunnen station became an important traffic junction. This made it necessary to widen Badstrasse, which resulted in the replacement of older buildings. The station was expanded between 1895 and 1897 and received three new platforms for the ring, suburban and long-distance railways as well as a reception building in neo-Gothic style. On May 1, 1897, the first two tracks of the new line (the later suburban tracks) were put into operation and at the same time the old (parallel to Grüntaler Straße) line of the Szczecin Railway was shut down. This crossed the street between Badstrasse 15 and 16 at ground level. On December 1, 1897, the new long-distance platform was also put into operation.
On July 8, 1873, the Great Berlin Horse Railway , founded in 1871, started operating the route from Rosenthaler Tor to Gesundbrunnen. On September 10, 1895, at the corner of Bellermannstrasse , the Badstrasse - Pankow line was the first electric tram within the then city limits of Berlin. The operator was the later BESTAG .
In 1874, the Great Berlin Horse Railway built a depot on the Pankeinsel for the horse-drawn railway line to Rosenthaler Platz. This depot was moved to Uferstrasse 8 in 1891/92 . The old depot was converted into a workshop by 1898 and since then has served as the main workshop of the Great Berlin Horse Railway (from 1898: Great Berlin Tram). The younger depot was closed in the course of electrification in 1901 and replaced by the Reinickendorf depot in Pankower Allee . The halls were connected to the main workshop until 1904. Further renovations took place in the years 1926–1931. Since the administrative division of the Berlin transport company in August 1949, the facility also served as the main bus workshop for the bus fleet in West Berlin , as the actual main workshop was in the Treptow district in the eastern part of the city . The main tram workshop was closed in 1961. The main Autobus workshop continued until 2007. UferHallen AG acquired the building in 2007 to set up the UferHallen culture workshop . Since 2010 it has offered a common platform for visual artists, musicians, theater productions and exhibitions, including the Uferstudios , the Piano Salon Christophori and various dining facilities.
In the 1880s the sewer system was laid in the northern part of Badstrasse. The southern part between Hochstrasse and the level crossing could not be canalized as long as it was still unclear how the problems of the level crossing should be solved. The modern "water closets", which already existed in some new buildings, were not allowed to go into operation for more than ten years because the sewer was missing. The owner of the house at Badstrasse 61 tried to clear the sewage in the house himself and then drain it into the open gutter of the street. During the construction work on the sewer system, the mineral spring was accidentally spilled and has dried up completely since 1891. The spring water was clouded by the spillage and was therefore unusable. The Luisenhaus was built on the site of the old fountain house in 1892–1893, and the enclosed fountain of the former healing spring is still located in the cellar. At the corner of Badstrasse and Travemünder Strasse are the remaining buildings of the former Luisenbad, which have been used as the library at the Luisenbad since November 1995 . Despite the drying up of the healing spring, the area around Badstrasse developed into a popular shopping and entertainment district in the second half of the 19th century, so that it was proudly called "Berlin's first boulevard", while others called it " St. Pauli in Berlin" languages.
With the factories of AEG and Berliner Maschinenbau Schwartzkopff, Brunnenstrasse housed the largest businesses in Weddings, while Badstrasse was the nightlife and shopping center for the residents - and not just for them. From 1890 to 1898 at the corner of Grüntaler Strasse the market hall XII was in operation, but it was closed due to inefficiency.
Weimann's Volksgarten
From 1851 to 1905 there was “Weimann's Volksgarten” at Badstrasse 54–56, which in summer offered space for up to 10,000 visitors. In 1851 August Henkel built a restaurant with a large garden on the spacious property and operated a slide ( Montagnes Russes - forerunner of the roller coaster) and a carousel, which were extremely popular and the authorities because of the 'immoral things' that happened there a thorn was in the eye. After Henkel died in 1858, the site fell into disrepair, possibly due to complaints from Pastor Christian Friedrich Bellermann of the neighboring St. Paul's Church. She therefore sold the site to the cafetier Eduard August Weimann, who had been working for 20 years and who made it famous under his name.
By 1873 he built a new half-timbered hall building and various other facilities, including a small theater, whose performances were always monitored by the theater police. In 1875 Weimann had to file for bankruptcy and the Volksgarten was auctioned off to the Schommartz brothers for 429,000 marks. These expanded the Volksgarten to include other attractions such as a "Dresden bird shooting hall", a "Velocipede track" and a "social seesaw". However, the brothers were also bankrupt in 1879, so that the Volksgarten was auctioned again, this time to Max Weimann, the son of Eduard August Weimann.
During this time the Weimannsche Volksgarten became an important meeting place for the social democratic workers' movement. During the time of the Socialist Laws (1878–1890), socialists and social democrats were able to gather here, while other innkeepers did not allow this for fear of the concession being withdrawn . In a list of the “Berlin Local Commission”, “Weimann's Volksgarten” was expressly recommended alongside 35 other Berlin restaurants.
Weimann's Volksgarten remained the largest amusement park in the Gesundbrunnen. There were animal caravans, peoples ' shows, performances by airships with tethered balloons , artistic performances and children's parties . A special attraction was the appearance of the Japanese artist group "Godayou", which with their juggling skills , equilibrism and fire- eaters aroused such enthusiasm in July 1888 that other establishments organized "Japanese artist costume parties". The appearance of exotic animals and people of different colors was a substitute for trips to distant countries, which were received with naive joy.
Weimann, who had made a fortune during his ten years as the owner of the Volksgarten, gambled it away so that he sold the Volksgarten to the Berlin Adlerbrauerei in 1889, but remained as managing director.
In 1903, ownership of the Volksgarten changed to Moritz Ollendorf, the partner in a real estate stock corporation. He did not intend to continue operating the Volksgarten, but applied to the Berlin magistrate for a road to be built in order to make better use of the future building site. The Volksgarten was open until Easter 1905 and was then torn down. The site was then parceled out and houses built along the newly created Bastianstrasse.
Entertainment district
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The first cinema on Badstrasse was built in Marienbad . It had a concert and theater hall, which Carl Galuschki converted into a cinematograph theater in 1910 and which was opened in 1911 as Marienbad-Lichtspiele . E. Luft had already given film screenings there from 1908. From the hall of the “Voigt Theater” at Badstrasse 58, the “Alhambra” was built in 1923, which from 1938 was called the “New Alhambra”. There is a memorial plaque on the building for Bernhard Rose , who ran his first Rose Theater here from 1902 to 1906 before he moved the theater to Berlin-Friedrichshain .
Badstrasse was able to maintain its role as an entertainment district until the 1930s. It was not until the Second World War that life in the streets came to a standstill. A highlight was the legendary Lichtburg , built by Rudolf Fränkel in 1929 in the Atlantic Garden City , which also ran an elegant café with a dance hall and its own chapel. At the end of the war, the southern part of the road between Bastianstrasse and Hochstrasse was badly damaged, as the location close to the flak towers in Volkspark Humboldthain caused severe devastation.
After 1945
After the end of the war, the destruction was quickly repaired. While the western section up to the Panke was largely spared from destruction, around two thirds of the buildings in the area between Gesundbrunnen station and Prinzenallee were destroyed. After the end of the Berlin blockade , a large market with improvised market stalls established itself within a few weeks. The offer was aimed primarily at customers from the East who, after the currency changeover, were able to purchase all the things that were now available in the West, but not in the East. The development was favored by the location of the Gesundbrunnen train station, which is only one station away from the Schönhauser Allee S-Bahn station , as well as the D line (today: line U8 ) of the Berlin subway. The border business took place mainly in the area between Prinzenallee and Behmstraße, the western part was mainly used by the residents.
The plots No. 15a and 61a on the route of the former Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn, which were owned by the Reichsbahn and could only be built on with temporary buildings, leased Kurt Silberstein, whose father had already operated the fairground and Volksgarten at Badstrasse 8. In 1952 Silberstein built two rows of barracks on the Badstrasse 15a property, which he rented to other traders. This is how “Ladenstrasse 15a” was created, which developed into the center of border trade. Sales booths and an official exchange office were also built on lots 14-17 . In addition to shopping opportunities, cafes and restaurants were created. “ Aschinger ” set up a beer spring at Badstrasse 11 , next to it, at no. 12 was the “Café Pinguin” and at no. 59, next to the “Kaufhaus Gesundbrunnen”, there was the restored “roof garden”, which was a popular meeting place . The border cinemas , which showed programs at reduced prices for visitors to the East, were also important . B. in the Corso-Theater with the "Café Corso" in the Behmstraße.
In reference to the origin of the customers, Badstrasse was called "Sachsendamm" by many residents at the time.
The twelve-year heyday came to an abrupt end with the construction of the Wall on August 13, 1961, the small traders were left with nothing and the stalls disappeared. Badstrasse and Brunnenstrasse were now surrounded on three sides by the wall in a dead end, so that even long-established businesses had to give up. The AEG joined in 1983 their factory site in Brunnenstrasse, whereby the last department stores in Brunnenstrasse ( Hertie , Bilka ) had to close.
With the arrival of Turkish families, a revitalization of the Gesundbrunnen began. The first Turkish travel agency opened in 1971 at Badstrasse 17. Today, Badstrasse is predominantly characterized by Turkish and Arab residents and businesses.
Subway line 8
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The underground line U8 crosses under Badstrasse and the subsequent Brunnenstrasse along its entire length. The section to Gesundbrunnen underground station was opened on April 18, 1930. On October 5, 1977, the first extension to the Osloer Strasse subway station was opened, creating the connection to the U9 subway line . It was not until ten years later, on April 27, 1987, that the next section of the stretch to the Paracelsus bath could be put into operation (construction work had started in 1980). The extensions on the other lines were much faster, but here they took an unusually long time. There is a civil defense system for 3,339 people in the Pankstraße underground station .
Library at the Luisenbad
The buildings of the former Marienbad have been used by the library at Luisenbad since 1995 . Based on a design by the architects Rebecca Chestnutt and Robert Niess, the library was built from 1991 from the remains of the Marienbad, built in 1888, and other historical parts of the building, as well as the new parts that are mostly below street level.
The building consists of three parts:
- The Comptoir, the former “Kafè Küche” building, houses the administration.
- The vestibule in the lavishly renovated Puttensaal on the ground floor serves as a library foyer and an event room.
- The lower reading room is located in the semicircular new building, which can be reached via a ramp and an elevator. There is also a sculpture courtyard here, which is intended for outdoor reading.
Architectural monuments
In Badstrasse there are more than 20 listed architectural monuments from the 19th and 20th centuries. The oldest building here is the one built by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1832–1835 and designed by Friedrich Wilhelm III. Evangelical Parish Church of St. Paul , donated for the residents of the suburb , with which the Gesundbrunnen also received a central area at the intersection of Badstrasse / Prinzenallee.
One of the oldest surviving residential and commercial buildings is the Panke mill from 1843 to 1844, which was built in place of the mill house from 1714 that collapsed in 1830. The Panke mill was shut down in 1890 and converted into a printing shop after the water wheel was removed. Today the mill house, restored from 1978 to 1981, serves as an office building.
The Gesundbrunnen center at the upper end of Badstrasse is the historic core of the district. The development of the former suburban settlement into a metropolitan residential and business center can be clearly seen with the different building layers. The building at Badstrasse 29, built in 1862, with its three floors refers to the increasing urban density in the middle of the 19th century. After 1880, the suburban buildings were displaced by five-storey apartment buildings that form a closed block edge. The building contractor and master carpenter Carl Galuschki built several tenement houses on the site north of Badstrasse. The former park of the Gesundbrunnen south of Badstrasse was bought up in 1886 by the trading company Gebrüder Hirschler, who had the site parceled out and Buttmannstrasse laid out. The residential and commercial buildings from the early 20th century show that Badstrasse was increasingly turning into a business center. The buildings of this time differ from the older tenement houses with their individually designed facades.
The House of National Education at Badstrasse 10 was built between 1913 and 1915 based on a design by Ludwig Hoffmann . With its high hipped roof , it dominates the street and the opposite Blochplatz. It was built together with the school building in Grüntaler Straße on the site of the former market hall XII.
The corner building at Stettiner Straße 65, Badstraße 18 is still one of the few two-story houses. The building erected in 1851 was extended in 1885 and a side wing in Stettiner Strasse was added.
Stumbling blocks
Stolpersteine were laid in front of the following houses on Brunnenstrasse :
- No. 58: Alfred Barkowsky, Frieda Barkowsky, Friederike Barkowsky, Ilse Barkowsky, Isaak Barkowsky
- No. 61: Hilde Horwitz, Tana Horwitz, Walter Horwitz
- No. 64: René Hopp, Joel Abel Hopp, Rudolf Hopp, Ruth Hopp
traffic
Badstrasse is an important connecting road (StEP class II - higher-level road connection), so the through traffic has a high traffic density , but there are no facilities for cyclists . At the eastern end is the Berlin Gesundbrunnen train station with a connection to the Berlin Ringbahn , the north-south S-Bahn , regional and long-distance services. Here you can change to underground line U8 , with another stop at the Pankstraße underground station , as well as to bus lines 247 and N8. The M27 bus runs through Prinzenallee.
See also
- List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen
- List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen
- List of streets and squares in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen
literature
- Matthias Donath, Gabriele Schulz: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Monuments in Berlin . District middle districts Wedding and Gesundbrunnen. Ed .: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-937251-26-X , p. 25-27 .
- Gerhild HM Komander : The Wedding . On the way from red to colorful. Berlin Story Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-929829-38-9 , pp. 42 f . ( Around Badstrasse in the Google book search).
- Christine von Oertzen: Boulevard Badstrasse . Big city history in the north of Berlin. Ed .: District Office Wedding of Berlin. Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1993, ISBN 978-3-89468-081-7 .
Web links
- Badstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Badstrasse. In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein . Retrieved October 9, 2016 .
- District management Berlin Badstrasse
- Panke-guide Gesund Brunnen
- Weddingweiser Badstraßenkiez: Where a spring once gushed
- The Gesundbrunnen (II). berlin: street
- Wedding in the middle of Berlin
Individual evidence
- ↑ Badstrasse . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1835, p. 512.
- ↑ Where the original remains unclear, photo in the Wedding City Planning Office
- ↑ a b LDL Berlin: Panke-Mühle
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Center Gesundbrunnen
- ^ Siegfried Münzinger: 100 years of the Uferstrasse workshop . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . July 1974, p. 107 .
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Gesundbrunnen tram depot
- ↑ Uferstudios
- ↑ Piano Salon Christophori
- ^ Christine von Oertzen: Boulevard Badstrasse . Big city history in the north of Berlin. Ed .: District Office Wedding of Berlin. Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1993, ISBN 978-3-89468-081-7 , pp. 247 ff .
- ↑ Aschinger . In: Official telephone book for Berlin , 1953, p. 18. “Bierquelle. N 20 ".
- ↑ http://www.berlinstreet.de/brunnenstrasse/brunnen25 berlin: street between war and wall
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Pankstrasse underground station
- ↑ LDL Berlin: St. Pauls Church
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Badstrasse 29 apartment building
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Apartment building Stettiner Strasse 65 Badstrasse 18
- ↑ LDL Berlin: House of National Education & Fritjof-Nansen, Karl-Bröger, Willy-Brandt-School
- ^ Berlin Gesundbrunnen
Coordinates: 52 ° 33 ′ 5.9 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 58.7 ″ E