Barum (Salzgitter)

Barum City of Salzgitter
Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 19 ″  N , 10 ° 25 ′ 9 ″  E
Height :	98 m
Area :	6.7 km²
Residents :	731  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	109 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1942
Incorporated into:	Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postal code :	38229
Area code :	05341
Location of Barum in Salzgitter

Barum is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located on the Fuhse and part of the southeastern village .

Barum belonged to the district of Wolfenbüttel until March 31, 1942 and became part of the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter through an administrative act on April 1, 1942. On January 23, 1951, it was officially renamed Salzgitter .

history

Place name and time of foundation

The place was first mentioned in 1140, but the place was founded as a Saxon settlement around 500 AD. In terms of linguistics, Barum is one of the so-called “hêm” places, which in Old Saxon stood for “settlement” or “village”. This group includes the place names that end in “heim”, “am” or “um” today. In the Salzgitter area, these places emerged around the 5th and 6th centuries.

Different explanations can be found for the defining word “bar” of the place name. One of the interpretations derives the identifier from the word "barre", which is often found in the area, which means something like "mountain". It refers to the fact that the place is on the mountain when seen from the nearby Fuhse. A second explanation suggests “bar” as a personal name that refers to the founder of the settlement. In the third explanation, “bar” is derived from the Indo-European word “bher” (for flow, rinnen) or Germanic “bar-a” (for mud or swamp), both a reference to the damp Fuhse lowlands.

The location of the place was strategically favorable, as the old Frankfurter Heerstrasse , which ran via Seesen to Braunschweig and crossed the Fuhse, ran here. The otherwise wide valley of the Fuhse was narrowed at Barum and the road was so easy to control. A fortified farmyard (fortified farmyard, often also called curtis - from Latin cursus = enclosure) is assumed to be the origin of the place . This farm still exists today and was known as a manor until the 19th century. In the Middle Ages the farm belonged to a von Barum family , who died out in the 14th century.

Mills

former watermill

The Brakelbusch'e or Barumer Mühle , also known as the Barum watermill on the Fuhse, originally belonged to the town's manor. The mill has been leased since the middle of the 16th century; the first tenant was mentioned in 1540. It was an overshot mill, the water wheel was four meters in diameter. The mill was shut down between 1955 and 1960 due to a lack of profitability.

The Fröchtlingsmühle , a post mill , stood on the Hasselberg. The first mention of a wind miller is dated around 1530, the mill was at the time "ducal chamber mill" and was leased to the millers, for whom a hereditary interest of 80 Reichstalers had to be paid. The mill went into private ownership in 1900. After 1937, the mill had to give way to the construction of the Reichswerke and was shut down, and the miller's house, which stood a little apart, was demolished. The mill building was demolished in 1947 by the residents of the surrounding camps and used as firewood.

Affiliation

In pre-Christian times Barum was the seat of Gaugerichts and thus the center of a Saxon Gau. This was probably north of the Salzgau between Oker and Fuhse. Since the founding of the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1235, Barum was part of the Duchy and after its division in 1269 it belongs to the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .

During the Napoleonic period Barum was in the Oker department of the Kingdom of Westphalia and belonged to the canton of Salder in the Braunschweig district . After the end of the French era, Barum was again part of the Duchy of Braunschweig . After the First World War , the Duchy became the Free State of Braunschweig and Barum became part of the Wolfenbüttel district. Since April 1, 1942, Barum has belonged to the newly founded town of Watenstedt-Salzgitter, today's Salzgitter.

Population development

As a result of the industrialization that began in the second half of the 19th century (including the construction of the sugar factory in 1857, connection to the Braunschweigische Landeseisenbahn in 1886, construction of a central dairy in 1892), the population increased sharply from around 300 to over 800. In the course of the establishment of the Hermann Göring works , many farms were relocated, and more industrial workers came to the region. After 1945 the population doubled due to the large number of refugees. The number has decreased again since the mid-1950s and has been just below 800 since 2009.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

St. Nikolai Church

Church of St. Nikolai von Barum

Since the Christianization by monks of the Fulda monastery , Barum belonged to the diocese of Hildesheim and occupied the rank of archdeacon here . Even after the introduction of the Reformation by Duke Julius (1568–1589) in 1568, Barum retained its central function and was henceforth the seat of the superintendent .

The first mention of a priest in Barum comes from 1147, in which an "Archpriest Odolricus" is mentioned. The year of construction of the church consecrated to Saint Bishop Nicholas is unknown. The building consists of the Romanesque tower and the adjacent Romanesque nave. As the latest construction phase, a Gothic choir completes the building in the east. The tower of the church is probably a defense tower from the 8th or 9th century, to which the nave was added later. Originally there were two entrances to the nave, of which only the northern one has survived, which in 1677 had a small half-timbered vestibule.

The bell of the church was cast in 1764 by the Brunswick bell caster Johann Peter Grete. It has a diameter of 68 cm and is 70 cm high. In its inscription it commemorates the fire of August 5, 1761, which destroyed the parish building, the school and the widow's house as well as 15 courtyards in the village.

Today (2015) Barum belongs to the provost of Salzgitter-Bad and, together with Beinum , Lobmachtersen , Heerte and Cramme (Wolfenbüttel district), forms the Barum-Lobmachtersen parish association .

politics

Local council

→ Main article : Village southeast

coat of arms

The stylized roof refers to the basic word around the place name, which stands for home or home . The caland cross shown in the coat of arms with its crescent moon ends can still be seen today at the Barum church. On the one hand, it reminds us that Barum was the seat of a calendar (a charitable brotherhood and sisterhood) as early as the 14th century and was therefore of supraregional importance. On the other hand, Barum was also the seat of an archdeaconate and later a superintendent, so it was one of the ecclesiastical centers of the region. The coat of arms colors gold and red, both the pen colors of the Diocese of Hildesheim and the ducal Brunswick family coat of arms, remind us that the place was in the area of ​​tension between the two domains until the 18th century.

The coat of arms was adopted as the local coat of arms of Salzgitter-Barum in a citizens' meeting on November 20, 2006.

Attractions

• Two oaks are recognized as a natural monument in accordance with Section 27 of the Lower Saxony Nature Conservation Act, which are located on a plot of land on the Pfarranger road .

Economy and Infrastructure

Sugar factory

Share sugar factory Barum, Salzgitter

The Barum sugar factory was founded on March 29, 1857, and 74 farmers from the surrounding villages took part in it. The first sugar campaign was started in October 1858. The product was initially raw sugar, and from 1881 white sugar was also produced. From 1950/51, powdered sugar, sugar cubes and beet pulp were also offered. In the first year of operation, 107,000 quintals of sugar beet were processed, and by 1942 production had increased to 1,083,000 quintals. The last campaign was run in 1986/87, after which sugar production was stopped. The plant was operated as a collection point for sugar beet until 1997.

railroad

Barum in 1886 to the previously initiated in railway from Braunschweig on Thiede , Heerte , Lichtenberg to Derneburg leading railway of Brunswick State Railway Company connected, the Barumer Railway Station was opened in July 1886 in operation. In addition to passenger traffic, goods from agriculture and the local sugar factory were mainly transported. After the northern part of the route from Braunschweig to Drütte had been relocated at the end of the 1930s, from 1953 the rest of the route past the ironworks to Lichtenberg was re-routed. The Barum section then lost its importance and in 1989 rail traffic was discontinued. Today (2013) the route from Braunschweig to Salzgitter-Bad passes Barum, but the place does not have its own rail connection.

post Office

Barum was on the post office route established in 1745 from Braunschweig via Salzgitter and Lutter to Seesen and on to Kassel (see the history of the Braunschweig – Göttingen postal route ). The horses could be changed at the Barumer Posthof, the travelers could spend the night here and letters and other items could also be posted for transport by post. The Posthof was relocated to the neighboring Immendorf in 1791 . Since then there has only been one post office in Barum; a post office was not set up again until 1872, which was converted into an "Imperial Post Office" in 1894/95.

Association

Gymnastics Club Gut-Heil Barum

The gymnastics club Gut-Heil Barum was founded in 1896 and currently offers a wide range of tennis, handball, football, gymnastics and gymnastics.

Volunteer firefighter

With the law on fire aid of April 2, 1874, a wave of volunteer fire departments was founded in the Duchy of Braunschweig in the following months . The Barum Voluntary Fire Brigade was founded on July 17, 1874. The first military leader was the merchant H. Bremer. The number of founding members was 34. A first tool shed for storing fire extinguishers for the village was built in 1833, and in 1925 a drying tower for the hoses was added. A new tool shed was inaugurated in April 2013.

Personalities

• The publisher, writer and translator Johann Joachim Christoph Bode (1731–1793) spent his youth with his grandfather in Barum.

literature

• Jörg Leuschner: Village southeast: Beinum, Ohlendorf, Flachstöckheim, Lobmachtersen and Barum in old pictures . Ed .: Stadtarchiv Salzgitter. tape 9 of the contributions to the city's history. Salzgitter 1992, p. 218-276 .
• Church buildings in Salzgitter . In: Department for Public Relations of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Salzgitter Forum . tape 12 , 1986, pp. 7-8 .
• Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the district Wolfenbüttel and the city of Salzgitter (=  Lower Saxony Place Name Book . Volume 3 ). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 83–84 (At the same time: Diss. University of Göttingen, 2002).
• Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area . Self-published by the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1970, p. 470 (At the same time: Diss. University of Göttingen, 1968).
• Chronicle of the Voluntary Fire Brigade Barum

Web links

• Literature about Barum catalog of the DNB

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Casemir, place names , pp 82-84
2. ^ Ortschaft Südost , pp. 218–220
3. ↑ Wiswe, Flurnamen , p. 470
4. ^ Wilhelm Bornstedt: The district of Goslar . Ed .: Lower Saxony State Administration Office (=  Die Landkreise in Lower Saxony . Volume 24 ). Walter Dorn Verlag, Bremen-Horn 1970, The old traffic and trade routes, p. 262 ff .
5. ^ Department for economics and statistics: Statistical yearbook of the city of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).  
6. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter). 
7. ↑ Barum people choose their coat of arms based on grassroots democracy , Salzgitter Zeitung of November 22, 2006, p
8. ^ New tool shed for Barumer Wehr , Salzgitter-Zeitung of November 8, 2007