Ebel (Bottrop)

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Ebel settlement
City of Bottrop
Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 10 ″  N , 6 ° 56 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : approx. 40 m
Area : 1.1 km²
Residents : 1520  (2013)
Population density : 1,382 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1929
Postal code : 46242
Area code : 02041
map
Location of Ebel in Bottrop

Ebel is a settlement in the independent North Rhine-Westphalian city ​​of Bottrop . For statistical purposes it is divided into a statistical district with the Welheimer Mark (official numbers in brackets): Ebel / Welheimer Mark (61) . With a size of around one square kilometer, Ebel is the second smallest district of the city after Vonderort . Today Ebel has a population of around 1500.

location

The Ebel settlement is the southernmost part of the city ​​district Bottrop-Süd and thus also of the entire city of Bottrop. It lies between the Rhine-Herne Canal in the south and the Emscher in the north on the so-called Emscher Island . The Berne flows into the Emscher here. Ebel borders the Lehmkuhle and Welheimer Mark districts in Bottrop in the north and east, the Essen districts Dellwig and Bergeborbeck in the south and the Oberhausen district of Vondern in the west. The district, which is about 40 meters above sea ​​level , is not far from the Haverkamp , which at 26 m above sea level forms the lowest point in the city of Bottrop. The lowest point in Essen, Hattramstrasse at 26.5 m above sea level in Karnap, is not far from Ebel. Ebel is located 2.5 kilometers southeast of the city center of Bottrop.

history

Origin of name

The name Ebel is derived from the fertile, acorn-covered hills in the Emscherbruch. The name is female, therefore it means 'the Ebel'.

prehistory

Reconstruction in the Neanderthal Museum

During the excavations for the construction of the Rhine-Herne Canal in 1914, fossilized river mussels were found in Ebel far away from the current bed of the Emscher, which suggest that the Emscher once filled the entire wide Emscher valley as a broad low-lying river.

But other finds were also made during the construction work on the canal: the former head of the Bottrop Museum for Prehistory and Local History, Arno Heinrich , discovered what is probably the oldest Neanderthal resting place in the Ruhr area in 1963 . A memorial stone directly on the Rhine-Herne Canal at the level of Einbleckstrasse indicates the find. On an information sign from Heinrich next to this stone it says: “The rest area on Einbleckstrasse is approx. 180,000 years old and belongs to the Middle Paleolithic . Neandertal groups used this outdoor station as a summer camp, in winter they migrated to today's Eifel. The first discoveries were made by the construction of the Rhine-Herne Canal before 1914, and the entire 'open-air station' was discovered during further excavations from 1963 to 1975. Around 400 devices made of flint, bones, antlers and ivory were brought to light, some of which are in the museum for the original and local history are on display. The Stone Age people largely covered their food needs from the diversity of plants in the tundra landscape of the time in the Emschertal. Laboriously killed animals such as the mammoth or bison provided additional food, the skins were used for clothing and for tents, bones and antlers were made into devices and intestines and tendons into binding material. "

Not far from Ebel, in Vogelheim , older finds were also found in the same work: the Vogelheimer blade (a blade made of flint) and the bones of a cave lion from the Saale Glaciation , between 280,000 and 250,000 years old.

The first farms that settlers built in the Emschertal were protected by Hofwere . They were more than man-high fences made of strong oak stakes rammed into the earth, which were connected to one another by tough wickerwork.

Peasantry

Ebel emerged from the areas of the former farmers' associations Gerschede , Dellwig and Vogelheim , which were subject to tax at the Borbeck farm ( Essen monastery ). Few people settled here, as it was regularly flooded by the Emscher in spring . There was no coherent settlement. The picture was dominated by heather and forest from beech trees.

A peculiarity of the manors in the area was that they operated a Vöhdewirtschaft (feed pasture management). So every farmer had once cultivation land as permanent possession and quarry land as temporary possession, which was used for the recreation of the country temporarily as fodder pasture (Vöhde). This breakland was created by a farming community to reclaim boggy areas, such as the land from which Ebel later emerged and the Klaumerbruch and Kraienbruch.

Pig fattening played a major role in animal husbandry. The main crops grown were rye, barley and oats, which was due to the peculiar nature of the soil. Another source of livelihood for the farmers was the usufruct of the forest area, from which they extracted construction, timber and firewood.

The Emscherbruch brands operated a wild horse breeding: tensile and wild horses (the so-called wild Emscher horses ) were in the market driven, where they moved freely and were captured as needed. While in the earliest times all march comrades were allowed to drive horses into the march, the knight seats and heir farms later claimed this right for themselves. The same was true of fishing and hunting.

Until the end of the 18th century there were still wolves in today's Ebel . In 1797 the last wolf hunt ordered by the authorities took place in the Emscherbruch . A price of 25 thalers was set for a wolf's skin , a considerable sum for the time. Nothing is known about the result of the hunt.

industrialization

The winder of the Prosper I colliery from 1887 is now in the museum of the Nachtigall colliery in Witten

Members of the entrepreneurial families Waldthausen, Hammacher, Haniel, Huyssen, Morian and Grillo founded the "Arenbergsche Bergbau und Hüttengesellschaft" in 1856 , which led to the founding of what would later become the Prosper I mine . Among the first acquired dowsing also belonged "Maximilian" in today Ebel. The sinking of the first shaft began here in 1856 . After some difficult sinking work (water inflows through the Emscher ), the shaft went into operation in 1863. He was equipped with a driving skill for the team experience .

Today's Ebel was built between 1899 and 1900 as a settlement for this mine. The school followed in 1902 (ev. Elementary school Vogelheim II) and 1903 (cath. Elementary school Vogelheim III). Kindergarten ("infant care school") and shower bath for employees and their families were opened in 1904. Dellwig and Borbeck-Mitte remained the reference points. If you wanted to go to the Ebel from Bottrop, you had to cross the so-called "five-pfennig bridge". Because with the bridge you also crossed the border between the province of Westphalia and the Rhine province and had to pay five pfennigs toll. Only with the completion of the Rhine-Herne Canal in 1914, with which Ebel was cut off from Borbeck, did the residents orient themselves more towards the northern neighbor.

In the same year, 1863, the mine field property was combined under the name " Prosper ". The namesake was the Duke Prosper-Ludwig von Arenberg . The mine field of Zeche Prosper comprised extensive field holdings by Ebel. The mining industry attracted many people looking for work, mainly from Poland and Silesia .

In 1866 a coking plant was put into operation on shaft 1 . Like Shaft 2 in Batenbrock , the plant developed very promisingly, so that the coal crisis that began in the 1880s was overcome without any problems. Shaft 1 received a new conveyor system. At the same time, another coking plant was put into operation next to shaft 2. From 1893 both shafts were expanded to double shafts.

Incorporation

In 1915 Borbeck was incorporated into Essen, which meant that Ebel also came to Essen from 1915 to 1929. In 1929 Ebel was incorporated into Bottrop and thus migrated from the Rhineland to Westphalia. According to the law, the toll on the “five-pfennig bridge” was no longer applicable. In the same year, Vonderort , which until then belonged to Osterfeld , and parts of Karnap (city of Essen) were reclassified into Bottrop, which had only been granted city rights a few years earlier.

20th century

The completion of the Rhine-Herne Canal in 1914 was important because it also became an industrial port. These events had a positive effect on the district. Already in the 1920s there was a diverse club life with the formation of the soccer club VfR Ebel as well as carnival, pigeon fanciers, men's singing and cycling clubs . There were also Polish and Silesian homeland clubs. The Emscher was soon mainly used for sewage and mine water and quickly developed into the " Köttelbecke ".

In the course of the global economic crisis , the coking plant of shaft 1 and the other individual coking plants of the Prosper colliery were shut down in 1928. A new central coking plant with 320 coke ovens was built in its place. With an annual production of 1.6 million tons of coke, this was the largest coking plant in the Ruhr area . In the same year, coal production was stopped on Prosper I (shafts 1, 4 and 5) and merged on Prosper II (shafts 2, 3 and 8). In the future, the two plants were run as a plant management company under the name Prosper I / II.

When the Ebel settlement celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1965 (albeit with no historical reference), it presented itself as small but nice: there were sometimes four restaurants, four grocery stores, three butchers and, in addition to lively clubs, an active parish of St. Matthias . In 1969 the Prosper colliery and all of its mining assets were owned by the newly founded Ruhrkohle AG . This continued the consolidation and rationalization measures according to the new corporate strategy.

In the 1970s there was an economic downturn: Shaft 1 of the Prosper colliery as well as the industrial port were closed. This was accompanied by an increase in unemployment and the end of business in the district. Many residents moved away. In the course of this structural change , Ebel turned more to the service sector. On the surface of the coal mine Prosper I next to was Prosper grove as the industrial area Prosper I . The city of Bottrop also wants to improve the quality of life with the “District with special need for renewal” program, which Ebel has been included in.

Today's character

There are currently two drinking halls, a hairdresser, a fitness studio and a branch of the furniture store chain Pocodomain between the Rhine-Herne Canal and the Emscher . There are no larger grocery stores. The Prosper I industrial estate is located between Essener and Borbecker Straße . One of the first steps in the “District in need of renovation” program, in which Ebel is involved, is the initiative to turn the chapel on Bahnhofstrasse into a meeting place for citizens. For 6 to 15-year-olds there are leisure activities in the “Spielhaus Ebel” and “Heiße Kiste”, both run by the youth welfare office: help with homework, handicrafts, cooking and games together are on the program several days a week .

With the St. Matthias Church Ebel owns a Catholic church, which, however, is to be abandoned. There is no longer a Protestant church (it was demolished), but Protestant services are also celebrated in the side room of St. Matthias . There is also the New Apostolic congregation Bottrop-Ebel .

There is a primary school in the Ebel area with the "Schillerschule - Ebel location", which also offers pupil care until 4 pm.

Culture and recreation

The BernePark

Redesigned 1st water basin with fish
... and perennial garden in the 2nd basin

The BernePark is a park landscape opened on October 2nd, 2010 with an event and restaurant building. The site arose from the "Bern estuary sewage treatment plant", which was closed in 1997 after almost forty years. The park was planned by the Emschergenossenschaft and the city of Bottrop as part of the Emscherkunst.2010 project for the 2010 Capital of Culture . The park was designed by the landscape architects Davids | Ter Frucht + Partner in collaboration with the internationally renowned landscape artists Piet Oudolf and Eelco Hooftman .

One of the two former clarification basins, each 73 meters in diameter, was redesigned with 21,000 shrubs and grasses into an accessible sink garden, the other filled with fresh water. In addition, the former clarifiers are illuminated by a light installation by the artist Mischa Kuball at dusk, which, like the circulating rakes installed here, regularly runs around the edges. In the listed former machine house, space was created for a restaurant, exhibitions and information on the conversion of the Emscher system by the Emschergenossenschaft and BernePark. A font installation by New York artist Lawrence Weiner was installed on the roof . Another project on the grounds of the park is a so-called “ dasparkhotel ” by the Austrian artist Andreas Strauss . The five individual "hotel rooms", which are located directly on the Emscherdeich, are concrete pipes, each of which has been equipped with a double bed for sleeping. They have a diameter of 2.40 meters and have a hatch for a view of the starry sky.

According to plans by the city of Bottrop, the location is to be expanded into a center for civic and intercultural activities in the district. The Emschergenossenschaft even wants to develop the park into a landmark of the Emscher Valley. The BernePark is part of the themed route “Water: Works, Towers and Turbines” of the Route of Industrial Culture

The Prosperwäldchen

With the Prosperwäldchen in the west of the district, Ebel also has a small local recreation area. The area of ​​the Prosperwäldchen is located on the area of ​​the abandoned Prosper I colliery . In its place there is now an industrial area next to the forest. The forest was the site of the administration and is now completely covered with trees. The existing sports and play areas in the forest belonged to the former operating facilities. The Prosperwald has been accessible via the Rhine-Herne Canal and the Emscher since 2000 . In the long term, this forest is to be integrated into the Emscher Landscape Park .

InnovationCity Ruhr

Ebel is part of the project location of the InnovationCity Ruhr , when the Bottrop south was appointed in 2010. In addition to Ebel, Bottrop city ​​center , Lehmkuhle , Boy , Batenbrock and parts of Eigen are also involved in this project. The project area is to become a model project in terms of energy efficiency and climate protection in the coming years. The goal is to cut CO 2 emissions by half by 2020. A total of 2.5 billion euros are to be invested for this. 30 companies from the Initiativkreis Ruhr have committed to support the project. The first project of InnovationCity Ruhr is to supply the Ebel elementary school with the energy that is generated by the waste heat from the coke extinguishing processes at the Prosper coking plant (“heat on wheels”). This project is special because industrial waste heat usually fizzles out. However, a possibility was found to store the waste heat from industrial and waste incineration plants in containers with sodium acetate (curing salt) and to transport it to customers as close as possible, such as the Ebel primary school here. The salt is heated in a heat exchanger and released into heat elsewhere in the school. For the city of Bottrop, heating the primary school is the prelude to further projects of this kind

traffic

Connection

The bus routes 186, 261 and the SB16 run through Ebel. The way to the Bottrop main station (leads to Essen - Oberhausen - Wuppertal - Dorsten ), which is located in the neighboring Lehmkuhle district to the northwest , is short. Ebel is connected to the German motorway network via the A 42 motorway (leads to Kamp-Lintfort - Duisburg - Gelsenkirchen - Dortmund ).

Noise pollution

In the period between 1999 and 2000, noise studies were carried out in Ebel and Lehmkuhle. The sound-technical investigation carried out for the two parts of the city confirmed the need for a noise reduction plan. In cooperation between Bottrop traffic planning, urban renewal, urban development planning, environmental planning / immission control and an external expert, a plan of measures to reduce noise for the two parts of the city was then drawn up, which included technical as well as urban and traffic planning measures.

Heavy traffic in particular to the industrial area on the Knippenburg ( Welheimer Mark ), despite the noise protection wall on Borbecker Straße, still leads to a high level of noise pollution for the Ebelaner because the trucks drive through the residential streets. There is no separate exit from the A 42 into the Knippenburg industrial area.

Rail traffic on the Duisburg-Wedau-Bottrop Süd freight line between Essen-Gerschede and the Bottrop freight station is also loud. On the Gerschede-Bottrop railway line in the rear of Haßlacher Straße, a noise protection wall around 350 meters long and three meters high is to be built directly on the tracks. The city of Bottrop attaches great importance to the new noise protection wall, as the settlement of food suppliers and the construction of new houses (previously rejected for noise protection reasons) on Haßlacher Strasse, among others, could be promoted.

The Ebelstau

For many people, the "Ebelstau" in the direction of Bottrop city ​​center on Bottroper Strasse is much more familiar than the district next to it.

Sports

Ebel is home to the soccer club VfR Bottrop-Ebel 1946 , which currently plays in the regional league. In Ebel there is not only football, the rowing community Bottrop eV also has its boathouse here. It mainly travels on the Rhine-Herne Canal in the direction of Oberhausen. There is also the table tennis club Bottrop-Ebel 1953 .

Companies

  • Brillux branch in Bottrop (paints and varnishes)
  • bbh Bottroper-Bedachungs-Handel Bergemann u. Schmitz OHG (roofing wholesale)
  • Rottbeck Spedition GmbH (forwarding agency)
  • O-TEC Cordes GmbH (powder coating)
  • Ruhr Oel GmbH (mineral oil)
  • MC-Bauchemie (special chemicals)
  • TSR Recycling GmbH (recycling)

Additional information

literature

  • Heike Biskup (ed.): Life in the south of Bottrop. Stories and views from Lehmkuhle, Ebel and Welheimer Mark. City of Bottrop, 2007, ISBN 3-00-020823-2 .
  • Michael Wolf (Ed.): Bottrop-Ebel 76 , Peperoni Books, 2012, ISBN 978-3-941825-40-6 .
  • Gabriele Voss (Ed.): Prosper Ebel, Chronicle of a colliery and its settlement , Verlag Ästhetik und Kommunikation, 1982, ISBN 3-88245-113-0 .
  • Jochen Stemplewski; Jörg Bischof (Ed.): Worlds on the River - EBEL , Kettler Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3941100503 .
  • Prosper / Ebel. Chronicle of a colliery and its settlement (1979 - 1998). 7-part film cycle by Christoph Hübner and Gabriele Voss. DVD edition with booklet, ed. from LWL-Medienzentrum für Westfalen , Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-939974-69-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e A district portrait by Ebel on bottrop.de ( Memento from September 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ a b c http://www.bvv-dellwig.de/home.htm (link not available)
  3. ↑ Text about the Neanderthal resting place in Ebel on bot-spot.de
  4. ↑ Football in the settlement - VfR Bottrop-Ebel on planet-wissen.de
  5. ↑ Information on ruhr-guide.de
  6. ↑ The history of the BernePark on bernepark.de
  7. ↑ PDF file: Press reports on the BernePark on bernepark.de ( Memento from February 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Interim use of industrial and commercial space in Bottrop on freiraum-auf-zeit.nrw.de ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.freiraum-auf-zeit.nrw.de
  9. ↑ InnovationCity rollout. Retrieved February 24, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Heat on wheels - Bottrop starts using waste heat. In: openpr.de. March 1, 2007, accessed February 24, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Noise studies in Ebel and Lehmkuhle on apug.nrw.de
  12. ↑ Article about the construction of a noise protection wall in Ebel on derwesten.de

Web links