Berzdorf on the property
Berzdorf auf dem Eigen was a church village in the Eigenschen Kreis southwest of Görlitz in Upper Lusatia . It was devastated for the extraction of lignite in the Berzdorf opencast mine in 1969/1970 .
Berzdorf is reminded by name today of the Berzdorfer See , which was created by flooding the open pit, and the community of Schönau-Berzdorf auf dem Eigen , which emerged in 1963 from the merger of the neighboring communities of Schönau auf dem Eigen and Berzdorf auf dem Eigen. In the Prohlis district of Dresden , several streets in the Prohlis development area were named after places where lignite was extracted or converted into electricity, including Berzdorfer Straße .
geography
Berzdorf was a single row, about three kilometers long forest hoof village in the east of the Eigenschen district. To the south of the village, the Pließnitz Berzdorf flowed through its entire length from west to east and flowed into the Lusatian Neisse just behind the corridor border . The village had a field size of 614 hectares, of which about 582 hectares were accounted for by the actual village hall and 32 hectares by the former Leubaer Teich (monastery bush).
Surrounding places are Jauernick-Buschbach in the north, from the northeast to the south the (today's) Görlitz districts of Klein Neundorf , Deutsch Ossig , Hagenwerder and Tauchritz , as well as Kiesdorf auf dem Eigen in the southwest and Schönau auf dem Eigen in the west.
After the division of Upper Lusatia between the kingdoms of Saxony and Prussia, Berzdorf was one of the easternmost Saxon places from 1815 to 1945. It protruded into the Prussian part of Upper Lusatia, like a headland.
history
Local history
Urn finds with corpse burn , which were made around 1750 and 1838 not far from the Ringelberg on a sandy hill, indicate that settlement activities in the Berzdorf area were already early in history . Other finds include a stone hammer, a hand mill stone, five bronze rag knuckles as well as two stone spindle whorls and a sling stone.
The village was laid out in the 11th or 12th century by German colonists who presumably found three Slavic settlements and redesigned them according to German law and divided them up according to Franconian hoof measurements. Evidence for this was the Ringelberg, a medieval Slavic hill near the Pließnitz, as well as the different sizes of the peasant clods, which were untypical for a forest hoof village, despite the hilly and broken terrain.
As late as the 12th century, Berzdorf came to the diocese of Meißen as church property - as part of the Bernstädter Pflege estate - through the donation of a Bohemian king . The village was no longer subject to the sovereign and was also exempt from his taxes and duties. Not much later there was a tripartite division of Berzdorf and soon afterwards two shares were sold by the diocese to the families von Kamenz and von Schönburg, who were related by marriage, to inheritance and ownership.
In addition to the upper village, those of Kamenz also owned Schönau, Kiesdorf, Neundorf and half of Dittersbach . When the Marienstern monastery was founded , the Withego brothers, Bernhard III. and Bernhard IV. von Kamenz in 1248 transferred half of Schönau to the monastery. The other half and their share of Berzdorf were sold by the sons of Bernhard IV in 1285 to the monastery. The oldest known documentary mentions of Berzdorf also come from this time: 1280 as Bertoldsitorf , 1285 as Bertoldsidorf .
The portion of those from Schönburg in Mitteldorf, who also owned Bernstadt , Altbernsdorf , half of Kunnersdorf and the second half of Dittersbach, was the only one with a knight's seat on which the patronage right for the church lay, which was probably in the second half was built in the 13th century. The von Schönburg brothers donated the annual interest of the church to the monastery in 1317. Around 1317 the feudal taker Heinrich von Radeberg, who previously also held the upper village of Kamenz, divided the manor into four farms and freed them from court services and interest. His son Otto sold the feudal right to these four estates back to the monastery in 1350.
The third part of Berzdorf, the Niederdorf, was evidently lent to that of Neveshofe on Tauchritz in 1322 . The monastery bought this share in 1339 and was henceforth owned by the entire village.
During the Hussite Wars , the church was set on fire in May 1427 and the village was probably also devastated. The reconstruction was delayed for a few years because the Hussites came to Upper Lusatia several times.
A clerk in Berzdorf was mentioned in connection with a theft in 1502. From this it can be concluded that classes were already taking place at this time.
In the Peace of Prague in 1635 the Electorate of Saxony was awarded the two Lausitzes. Although it was closer to Görlitz, Berzdorf formed an exclave of the Bautzen district together with the other places in the Eigenschen Kreis.
After the deliveries of grain to cavalry and infantry regiments in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) and the famine years around 1770, the residents of the Eigenschen Kreis were hit by the most devastating storm (of the previously documented) on June 18, 1773. Trees became bare due to the hailstorm, and farmers had to fire their servants due to the lack of grain.
After the Napoleonic Wars , the Saxon king had to accept the division of the Kingdom of Saxony in a treaty at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, whereby the Kingdom of Saxony ceded large parts of the country to the Kingdom of Prussia . With regard to the Marienstern monastery, the entire Eigen district remained with Saxony, which meant that Berzdorf was now surrounded by Prussian places in the north, east and south.
Around 1830 coal was found in Berzdorf and around 1835 it was first mined in a mine. The separation from feudal rule already took place in 1838. The monastery retained judicial and administrative rights until 1856 and hunting rights until 1859. Around 1860 there were four smaller coal mines in the village.
In 1915, the city of Dresden bought most of Berzdorf's properties as well as some properties in the neighboring Schönau Niederdorf to the west in order to exploit the rich lignite deposits and thus operate a power station near Leuba on the Neisse, which was supposed to supply Dresden and Eastern Saxony with electricity. After the huge investments - among other things, the Pließnitz had to be regulated, a coal conveyor system and a connecting railway were built , as well as the Neuberzdorf miners' settlement from 1920 - the city sold the entire mine in 1922, as further necessary investments were considered too risky. The new owner, the Berlin-based Deutsche Petroleum-Aktiengesellschaft , accelerated the development of the opencast mine and modernized the mining equipment. But they also sold the risky company again in 1925, and the new owner was the Aktiengesellschaft Sächsische Werke (ASW), which also owned the Hirschfelde power station . Due to unprofitability, it gave up the opencast mine in autumn 1927 and scrapped the equipment. The village was largely preserved, a lake emerged from the remaining open-cast mine , and the coal fields served the Hirschfelde power plant as secure storage areas for possible later use.
After the Second World War , the Grubensee, used as a fishing and bathing pond, was drained in 1946 and the opencast mine was put back into operation in view of the shortage of coal.
In the administrative reform of 1952 , Schönau and Berzdorf were not added to the Löbau district, which emerged from the Saxon administrative authority Löbau , but came to the Görlitz-Land district , which largely corresponded to the western trunk of the Prussian district of Görlitz . After it became clear at the beginning of the sixties that Berzdorf would be dredged over by the opencast mine, the two municipalities were merged by a decision of the district on July 18, 1963.
The expansion of the northern field of the Berzdorf opencast mine resulted in the complete devastation of Berzdorf in 1969/1970 . Since the congregation merged, 35 properties in Berzdorf and Nieder-Schönau have been relocated. The affected residents received new apartments in Schönauer Flur in the Sonnen- und Hutbergsiedlungen.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1834 | 328 |
| 1849 | 368 |
| 1871 | 359 |
| 1880 | 325 |
| 1910 | 288 |
| 1925 | 425 |
| 1939 | 376 |
| 1946 | 603 |
| 1950 | 682 |
In the year 1600 31 possessed men ran in Berzdorf . Due to the division of land, among other things, their number declined over the next two centuries, so that in the state recession in 1777, 20 possessed men were counted. There were also nine gardening foods and 24 cottage jobs . This number changed less in the next century, in the 1849 census carried out 74 households in 57 houses.
The population rose from 328 at the first census in 1834 to 368 within 15 years, after which a continuous decline can be observed until the beginning of the 1920s. Between 1910 and 1925 alone, the population rose from 288 to 425 , primarily due to the Neuberzdorf miners' settlement founded in 1920 . Due to the pit closure in the meantime, another decline was recorded. After the Second World War, the population rose to over 600 due to refugees and displaced persons.
The inhabitants belonged almost exclusively to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. There were three Catholics in 1834, four in 1849 and 23 in 1925.
According to official information, 400 people were resettled in connection with the demolition, mainly to Schönau and Görlitz- Weinhübel .
Place name
Although Berzdorf was in the old Sorbian settlement area, its place name is purely German. It is documented in 1280 as Bertoldistorf , 1285 as Bertoldisdorf and 1317 again as 1280. Later mentions include Berthimdorff (1430), Bertoldisdurff (1449), Bertilsdorf (1472), Bertelsdorff uffem Eygen (1509), Bertzdorff (1600) and Bertsdorf bey Bernstädtel (1791). The name refers to the village of Bertold and is possibly named after Bertold von Kittlitz .
To distinguish it from Berthelsdorf , about ten kilometers away, southwest of Bernstadt on one of the source streams of the Pließnitz, it was also referred to as Oberberthelsdorf , while Berzdorf was also referred to as Niederberthelsdorf in documents or received the addition uffem Eygen (later also on your own , on your own ) . Bertsdorf , about 30 kilometers away , called Bertzdorff in 1749 , was given the addition of bey Zittau to distinguish it, if necessary .
church
The church, built on a hill, was probably built around 1250. It was first mentioned in a document in 1317. It was one of the oldest churches in Upper Lusatia. When the Hussites invaded it in May 1427, it was set on fire and was not rebuilt until 1438. To replace the destroyed bells, the casting of three new bells was commissioned in Zittau in 1440. The church was consecrated again in 1443 by the Meißner auxiliary bishop Johannes Erler as a place of Christian faith.
Matthias Schubart from Lauban can be traced back to 1550 as the first Protestant pastor .
In 1610, Caspar Ender gave the church abundant painterly decorations on the ceiling, walls and galleries, most of which came from the Old Testament. In the same century, the pulpit received a pulpit clock .
Immediately after the Seven Years' War the church , which had fallen into disrepair, was renewed and rebuilt. On October 1, 1764, the tower button was ceremoniously placed on the spire. The influx of church guests from the northern villages of Jauernick and Niecha (today Buschbach ) required the installation of further galleries in 1770/1771.
Another building-changing renovation had become necessary in 1909. Among other things, stairs and galleries that were no longer needed were removed.
Since 1933 the church was a branch church of the Schönau St. George's Church .
Personalities
- Christian Behrnauer (1649–1720), Protestant theologian, chief pastor in Löbau
- Ernst Krische (1863–1937), local history researcher
- Hans Glathe (1899–2000), microbiologist and university professor
Sources and further reading
literature
- Ernst Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the Eigen . In: New Lusatian Magazine . tape 105 . Self-published by the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences , Görlitz 1929, p. 208-234 ( digitized on Wikisource ).
- Frank Förster : Disappeared Villages. The demolition of the Lusatian lignite mining area by 1993 . In: Series of publications by the Institute for Sorbian Folk Research in Bautzen . tape 8 . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, ISBN 3-7420-1623-7 , pp. 29-33 .
- Winfried Schich : Berzdorf on the own in Upper Lusatia. The construction of a cultural landscape in the 13th and its destruction in the 20th century. In: History of technology, work and the environment. Günter Bayerl on his 60th birthday. Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2006, ISBN 3-8309-1685-X , pp. 381–394 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- Görlitz and its surroundings (= values of the German homeland . Volume 54). 1st edition. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1994, ISBN 3-7400-0932-2 , p. 166 ff.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Berzdorf (on the property). In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 34. Issue: Official Authority Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, p. 61.
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e Berzdorf on the own in the digital historical place directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the property. P. 209
- ↑ a b Krische: Heimatbilder # 38: Berzdorf on the own. Part I. In: New Görlitzer Anzeiger. Year 1927, issue 225 ( digitized on Wikisource )
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 219
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 229 ff.
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 222 f.
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 221
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 220
- ↑ a b Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the property. P. 223
- ↑ a b c Krische: Heimatbilder # 39: Berzdorf on the own. Part II. In: New Görlitzer Anzeiger. Year 1927, issue 237 ( digitized on Wikisource )
- ↑ a b Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the property. P. 224
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 214 f.
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 211
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. P. 215
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. Pp. 215-218
- ^ A b Forester: Disappeared Villages. P. 31.
- ↑ a b Görlitz and its surroundings. P. 166.
- ↑ a b Statistical Bureau of the Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Statistical communications from the Kingdom of Saxony . BG Teubner, Dresden 1851, p. 162/163 ( digitized version in the Google book search).
- ^ Forester: Vanished Villages. P. 29.
- Jump up ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 26 .
- ↑ Gottlieb Korschelt: History of Berthelsdorf . Berthelsdorf 1852, p. 6 ( digitized version in the Google book search).
- ↑ Gotthelf Traugott Eckarth: Chronica, or: historical description of the Bertzdorff village, half a mile from Zittau in Upper Lusatia . Herwigsdorff 1749 ( digitized on Wikisource ).
- ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt : Amtshauptmannschaft Löbau (= descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. Vol. 34). CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, pp. 61–74, here p. 61.
- ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt: Amtshauptmannschaft Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, pp. 61–74, here p. 72.
- ^ Krische: The settlement conditions of Berzdorf on the own. Pp. 212-215
References
The list of abandoned locations in the Lausitz coal area gives an overview of other places that were partially or completely canceled in the Lausitz coal region .
Web links
- History of Schönau-Berzdorf on the property
Coordinates: 51 ° 5 ' N , 14 ° 56' E