Birkholz (Bernau near Berlin)

Birch wood City of Bernau near Berlin Coordinates: 52 ° 37 ′ 36 ″ N , 13 ° 34 ′ 30 ″ E
Height :	73 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	291 (Jan. 1, 2018)
Incorporation :	December 6, 1993
Postal code :	16321
Area code :	03338

Church, village community center and book phone booth on the village green Birkholz

Birkholz is a district of the city of Bernau near Berlin . The city belongs to the district of Barnim in the state of Brandenburg . Until the district reform in 1993, Birkholz, including Birkholzaue , was an independent municipality with 417 inhabitants within the Bernau district . In today's Bernau district of Birkholz, around 290 people live.

geography

Geographical location

Birkholz is the southernmost district of Bernau. The boundaries of the place in the west, south and south-east also form the Bernau city limits to the surrounding communities. In the west, the border with the district of Schwanebeck in the municipality of Panketal runs along the A 11 , with the motorway going to the Schwanebecker Straße bridge over the A 11 in the Birkholzer area. Behind the bridge over the autobahn, the city limits swivel to the southeast, leaving the autobahn triangle Barnim and the Neu Schwanebeck settlement near Panketal. In the south, a small corner of the local area of Birkholz extends over the A 10 , whereby the border in front of the Jürgensbusch runs to the northeast and there forms the border to the Blumberg district of the Ahrensfelde community .

After crossing the Birkholzer Straße , the border reaches the wooded area in front of the Bernauer Chaussee , from where it leaves the wooded area near Blumberg on the edge of the wood in a northward direction. Further north, the exact delimitation of Birkholz from the Bernau district of Birkholzaue has not yet been determined. Before 1993, Birkholzaue was part of the municipality of Birkholz up to the Bernauer Chaussee in the northeast corner of the municipality. The northern border of both Birkholzaue and Birkholz forms the Seestrasse to the Blumberg district of Elisenau . In a westerly direction, the northern border of Birkholz leads to the Bernau district of Birkenhöhe from Seestrasse via Bernauer Strasse to the A 11.

Natural space

Birkholz is off the Bernauer Heerstraße middle of a domed and undulating ground moraine on the plateau of Barnim . A chain of Osern begins north of the village and extends to Ahrensfelde-Marzahn. These oser, which protrude from the terrain like wide railway embankments, are made of gravel, sand and stones. They are the result of the last ice age, when after the ice retreated in the meltwater channels, the materials brought with you collected. There is very fertile marl boulder in the soil . The highest point of Birkholz is 81.2 meters, the top mountain near the Neubauer settlement in the north of the district. In the vicinity of Birkholz there are partly natural areas such as wet biotopes, ditches, groups of trees and bushes and meadows. An extraordinary variety of game birds, small game and roe deer can be found here. The annual harriers , for example, have their breeding areas in the group of trees and bushes of the reed-covered wetland to the east of the former riding arena. Regularly be Kiebitze , hawks , kites , Heron , Stork , cranes , gray geese , swans , green woodpecker , Goldhähnchen , Robins , Nightingale and various reptiles observed for example blindworms .

history

The Birkholz region as a settlement site was cultivated as early as the Neolithic Age (Neolithic around 11,500 BC in Central and Western Europe). The testimony is a flint scraper knife that was found on November 9, 2017 on the village green . Another testimony is the ground monument (No. 40555) settlement resting and work area Mesolithic in the district of Birkholz, on today's border with Blumberg.

Establishment of a village during Ostsiedlung , Heidelberger Sachsenspiegel

In 1230 the settlement of the Barnims begins according to the latest ideas of the margraves Otto III. and his brother Johann I. It was settled nationwide with large regular village and street villages with their own parish churches. The church of Birkholz dates from the second half of the 13th century. In 1266 the roof structure was erected over the choir of the Birkholz village church. At this time Otto IV with the arrow was from the house of the Ascan Margrave of Brandenburg. The place itself is first mentioned in the Bede for Otto IV around 1280 .

1365 Peter von Blankenfelde (* around 1335; † after 1396) is mayor of Berlin. He and his brother Hans owned property in Birkholz, from the after-fiefs of the brothers Hans and Heinrich von der Gröben . 1375 In the Landbuch Kaiser Karl IV. The imperial Landreiter for Birkholz (different spellings Bercholitz; Berchholz) writes an exact report of the medieval conditions. Birkholz has 52 hooves . 1376 The brothers Hans and Peter von Blankenfelde transfer their rights to Birkholz to the council of Berlin and Cologne . 1450 Birkholz is mentioned in the lap register of Elector Friederich II. (Eisenzahn) with the first mention of a post windmill and the taxes and property that are half shared between the cities of Berlin and Cologne 1461 The brothers Lukas and Peter Trebbuse (different spelling, Trebitz and Trebus) sell 10 pieces of money from the village of Berkholz and its Feldmark to the cities of Berlin and Cologne for 120 shock groschen of local currency.

1526-1529 The Birkholzer hoof money in Sedes Bernau amounted to 24 groschen and 6 pfennigs without residues from 48 hooves in the years mentioned. 1542–1579 Johannes von Blankenfelde (* 1507; † 1579) is the heir of Birkholz, Blankenburg , Weißensee and Kaulsdorf at this time . From 1558 to 1572 he is the 70th mayor of the city of Berlin and Cölln. 1608 Birkholz is described by Landreuter Peter Schulzen in his register of the Niederbarnim district as a desert. No sooner had the community recovered than the Great Thirty Years War broke out from 1618 to 1648 . 1669 Gerhard Bernhard Freiherr von Pölnitz followed the request of the Great Elector of Brandenburg and bought the manors Buch, Karow and Birkholz from the Röbels for 15,000 thalers. Eleonora Freifrau von Pölnitz (Eleonoren von Naßau) (* approx. 1620 - † March 1700) illegitimate daughter of Prince Moritz von Oranien , after the death of her husband for 21 years until 1700 she managed the property alone, which her husband gave her for life was.

Coat of arms of the Counts of Voss Buch

After the Baroness's death in March 1700, the grandchildren Friedrich Moritz and Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz inherited the property, as Frau von Pölnitz outlived her children. In 1724 the brothers sold the property to Adam Otto von Viereck for 45,000 thalers. 1747 Adam Otto von Viereck takes over the entire village of Birkholz as owner, as the Magistrate of Cöln cedes its shares to him. On August 12, 1759, during the Seven Years' War , the enemy troops, assisted by Russians and Austrians, came closer and closer to Birkholz. Difficult times began for the Birkholz, Karow and Buch region , as a tenant was appointed after the patron's death . This fled when the enemy troops approached. Pastor Johann George Ulrici, the parish school and the Hüfner Michael Mewes and others now led the residents of the frightened parishes. 1761 Otto von Viereck bequeaths Birkholz to his son-in-law the Privy Councilor and provost Friedrich Christian Hieronymus von Voss (* 1724 - † October 3, 1784). After his death in 1784, his son Otto von Voss took over Buch, Karow and Birkholz.

In 1828 the manor belonged to the Count von Voss Friedrich Wilhelm Maximilian (* May 3, 1782 - February 28, 1847) and Karl Otto Friedrich (* September 26, 1786 - February 3, 1864). In 1908 the municipality of Weißensee bought the goods from the heirs. Weißensee had formed a sewer network with Hohenschönhausen and Heinersdorf. Birkholz should serve as a sewage field for the municipal sewage.

March 22, 1897 two so-called imperial oaks ( pedunculate oaks ) from the Sachsenwald are planted as a gift from former Chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck on the village green and in Schwanebeck . On this day, the 100th birthday of Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia was celebrated in honor of the memory . In 1871, after he was raised to the rank of prince, he gave him the Sachsenwald as a gift.

In 1912, according to plans by Otto Pasedag, there is a pumping station and 570 hectares in the north of Birkholz become a sewage field. In 1922 the company was closed.

1933 The law makes a decision to found a volunteer fire brigade. In 1934 the decision was implemented.

On December 6, 1993, Birkholz was incorporated into Bernau. Since the beginning of June 2014, Birkholz has been a district with a local advisory board.

October 7, 2016: In Birkholz, the newly built village community center is handed over by the mayor of Bernau, André Stahl.

Neolithic scraper knife Accidental discovery in Birkholz
First windmill in Birkholz in 1450 (example). Destroyed by lightning strike in 1912.
The new village community center was handed over by the city of Bernau on October 7, 2016
The imperial oak was planted in Birkholz on March 22nd in 1897 as a present from former Chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck. The oak (pedunculate oak) comes from the Sachsenwald
Public book phone booth at the village community center in Birkholz Bernau near Berlin on October 25, 2019

Church stamp of the community of Birkholz (Bernau near Berlin) Niederbarnim district no longer valid! (Representation of the church before 1827)

Village church

The Angerdorf , largely preserved in its original form, has one of the oldest stone churches of Barnim, which could be dated to the year 1266 through a dendrochronological study .

The village church was built as a field stone building. The church was expanded in 1401/1500 and 1501/1515.

1598 The village church receives a new baptism as a Protestant principal piece.

1599 A church book is written and is still owned by the parish today.

1681 Eleonora Freifrau von Pölnitz donated the pulpit for the Birkholz village church two years after the death of her husband. Her father was Prince Moritz von Oranien , Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (born November 13, 1567 in Dillenburg, died April 23, 1625 in The Hague)

1821 The mill master Karl Hindenberg gives the Birkholz Church a crystal chandelier.

On October 8, 1827, a fire destroyed the tower that Otto Carl Friedrich von Voss had built. In the summer of 1829, the tower was rebuilt by Voss-Buch on behalf of his sons, Friedrich Wilhelm Maximilian (born May 3, 1782 - February 28, 1847) and Karl Otto Friedrich (September 26, 1786 - February 3, 1864) built. The design and construction management was carried out by the royal government building inspector Salomo Sachs , colleague of Karl Friedrich Schinkel , the roofing with zinc sheet was done by Carl Justus Heckmann and the gilding was done by Carl August Mencke from Berlin.

During World War II , the Soviet troops marching through looked for German snipers in church towers. The church tower in Birkholz was hit. Over the years the damage was only patched up poorly and water was able to penetrate. The wooden spire was attacked by dry rot, which is why it leaned in a westerly direction until 1972 and the village road at that time was closed from 1966 to 1972. The tower was blown up on October 19, 1972. This caused great damage to valuable historical cultural assets and to the actual church building, of which only the choir side remained. However, the tower rolls from the destroyed crowning of the tower could be secured. It was only after the fall of the Wall in 1990 that the securing and restoration of the remaining parts of the church began. In 1993 the church was placed under monument protection. The choir has been largely restored. In 2001 the nave was also secured by a glass roof.

In 2002 a support association was founded with the aim of restoring the silhouette of the church and its tower from 1829. Through the Master's thesis Summer condensation in historic building investigations in the church Birkholz of 2004, the student Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Petra Schrimpf of the Technical University of Berlin , the urgent need for action to drain the masonry is emphasized.

In 2016, the church's zygomatic arch was secured by installing a wooden support structure. For this measure, the architect and the parish of Birkholz were awarded recognition for particularly appropriate handling of the monument as part of the Brandenburg Monument Prize.

The collapse-endangered zygomatic arch in the tower area of the village church was secured in 2016 after 44 years. (Late effects of the 1972 tower explosion)
Pulpit panel artifact Matthew with the child in the village church Birkholz Bernau near Berlin. Pulpit donated by Eleonora Freifrau von Pölnitz in 1681
Model 1: 100 and Birkholz Church in the background
Honor for the Hussite parade of the city of Bernau near Berlin by government building inspector Salomo Sachs who built the tower in Birkholz in 1829
South side of the church of Birkholz

traffic

The state roads L 312 and L 313 run through the village. The A 11 runs not far to the west . It joins the A 10 at the Barnim motorway junction to the south . The Bernau-Süd junction of federal motorway 11 is located north of the village on the former B 2 .

Several bus lines offer connections to the neighboring towns of Birkholz. The city center of Bernau can also be reached quickly and easily.

Personalities

The following personalities have worked in the community:

Brothers Peter and Hans von Blankenfelde
Brothers Hans and Heinrich von der Gröben.
He was enfeoffed to Copkinus von Grobyn with elevations and justice in this village until 1370.
Carl Justus Heckmann (1786–1878) worked as a coppersmith in the project to build the new church tower.
Salomo Sachs (1772–1855), 1829 project planning and construction management for the new construction of the Birkholz church tower.
Carl August Mencke (1776–1841), 1829 gilding of the tower cross of the village church in Birkholz.
Max Sperlich (* 1871), German chaser and founder of the Max Sperlich fine art foundry
Walter Sperlich (* 1912), German shaper and son of Max Sperlich

Individual evidence

↑ Luftbild.bernau-live.de Panoramic view of Bernau

↑ The group "Marca Brandenburgensis anno domini 1260" Research and presentations on the Brandenburg material culture of the High Middle Ages / Otto III. and his brother Johann I. - Contribution by Joachim Meinicke

^ Ernst Badstübner: The art of the Middle Ages in the Mark Brandenburg. P. 5, 2nd paragraph. (books.google.de)

^ M. Rehberg: Home and World. Leaves for cultivating the homeland. Issue 81, October 11, 1931, sheet 642. (förderverein-dorfkirche-birkholz.de)

^ Ernst Fidicin: History of the Teltow district. History of the Niederbarnims. 1857, p. 43 Birkholz. (books.google.de)

^ M. Rehberg: Home and World. Leaves for cultivating the idea of home. Edition 81, October 11, 1931, 3rd paragraph: Birkholz and his past. (förderverein-dorfkirche-birkholz.de)

^ Ernst Fidicin: History of the Teltow district. History of the Niederbarnims. 1857, p. 43, 3rd paragraph: Birkholz. (books.google.de)

^ M. Rehberg: Home and World. Leaves for cultivating the homeland. Issue 81, October 11, 1931, sheet 642 (yellow marking). (förderverein-dorfkirche-birkholz.de)

↑ Rathhäusl. Arch. VIII. 82. Gebr. Bei Küster, IV. 57. After Eduard Fedicin: Historical-diplomatic contributions to the history of Berlin.

↑ Wolfgang Schössler: Regest of the documents and records in the cathedral monastery archive Brandenburg. P. 377. (books.google.de)

↑ Wolfgang Schössler: Regest of the documents and records in the cathedral monastery archive Brandenburg. P. 356. (books.google.de)

^ Olaf Thiede, Jörg Wacker: Chronology of Potsdam and the surrounding area: the cultural landscape from 800 to 1918: Brandenburg, Potsdam, Berlin. Volume 1, p. 176. (books.google.de)

^ Secret State Archive Reg. 78.83, p. 238 ff.

^ Johann G. Knup: Historical and genealogical description of the uhraltadelichen u. noble family of those von Poellnitz. Leipzig 1745, pp. 115-116. (books.google.de)

↑ Bernd Heider: Nobility and Art - Baron von Pölnitz. In: Bucher messengers. (förderverein-dorfkirche-birkholz.de)

↑ Ernst Fidicin: The Territories of the Mark Brandenburg or History of the Niederbarnim District ... Volume 1, Edition 2, p. 44, 1st paragraph. (books.google.de)

↑ Seven Years' War Bucher & Karower History in the middle of the 18th century. (panke.guide)

↑ Ernst Fidicin: The Territories of the Mark Brandenburg or History of the Niederbarnim District ... Volume 1, Edition 2, p. 44, 1st paragraph. (books.google.de)

↑ Ernst Fidicin (ed.): History of the Teltow district. History of the Nieder-Barnim district. P. 44, 2nd paragraph. (books.google.de)

^ Heinrich Ruths: Fifty Years of Berlin City Goods. Alfred Metzner publisher, 1928, p. 42.

↑ Niederbarnimer Kreisblatt. No. 33, March 17, 1897, Kreis-Nachrichten excerpt from mehrow.de

↑ Sandra Klaus: Urban development and architecture in the northeastern Berlin outskirts Weißensee and Pankow between 1870 and 1970 with a special focus on residential construction. Inaugural dissertation. Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, p. 45. (epub.ub.uni-greifswald.de)