Malliss lignite mine (Unterflöz)
| Malliss lignite mine, Part II: Mining the lower seam | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
|||
| other names | Malliss mine, Malliss lignite mine | ||
| Mining technology | Broken pillar construction | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Different societies | ||
| Start of operation | 1873 | ||
| End of operation | 1960 | ||
| Successor use | forestry | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal | ||
| Mightiness | up to 3.20 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 53 ° 12 '15 " N , 11 ° 18' 46" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Malliss | ||
| local community | Malliss | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Ludwigslust-Parchim | ||
| country | State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Malliss lignite deposit is the largest deposit of lignite in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .
By drilling and driving, three seams were identified , two of which were worth building: the upper and lower seam. Since the mining reclamation work almost lasted one and a half centuries and there were a large number of operators unterschiedlichster ownership, should this industry be divided into two parts for clarity below the story on just these two coal seams; ending here with the removal of the bottom seam .
The search for and exploration of the Malliss lignite deposit and its geological and hydrogeological conditions have already been described in the article Malliss lignite mine (Oberflöz) .
The mining work in the lower seam
"Mallißer Brickworks and Mining Society" (1883–1908)
The Malliß brickworks had already been expanded considerably in the 1870s and had a much higher fuel requirement. To transport this volume, the brickyard was connected to the Elde Canal by a branch canal . Another canal was built in a north-westerly direction. This new waterway led directly to the Marienstollen. The bottom seam was here with a thickness of 2.30 m. The facility of the deposit was favored by the fact that the pit water did not have to be extracted by pumps, but instead flowed directly into the Elde Canal following the slope of the Marienstollen. However, this preparatory work for the coal mining came to an end at the so-called road disruption running along federal highway 191. From 1873 to 1900 around 155,000 tons of coal were mined from this field. The bottom seam had already been aligned to the northwest of the road fault by four shafts from 11 m to 14.75 m depth . Between 1888 and 1905, around 45,000 tons of coal were extracted here between the outgoing and a level of around 20 meters above sea level .
The coal mined by the Mallisser brickworks and mining company was of good quality and was soon able to secure quite extensive sales. Not only was the entire firing requirement of the brickworks and the steam sawmill, which is also located on the Elde Canal, covered, but the coal was also transported on the waterways up the Elde to Malchow and down to the locations on the Elde for industrial and house fire purposes on a larger scale. Both the better quality of the under-bed coal and the cheaper transport costs by waterway benefited sales.
Nevertheless, the company was unable to cope with the increasing competition from central German lignite in the long term, as it was able to deliver briquettes more cheaply despite higher freight costs. In 1907 the Mallißer brickworks and mining company had a loss balance of 49,962 marks. It therefore decided to close it in April 1908 and the mine was closed again.
"Union of Conow" (1922–1926)
When the fuel situation was tense in the years after the First World War , the Conow union , which operated the Conow potash plant in the immediate vicinity , acquired the mining license for the Malliss lignite mine in order to be able to supply the potash plant with coal. She set up the mine field in 1922 below the old excavations from the years 1894/1908, northwest of the so-called road fault , through a day shaft (shaft B) and later through an “inclined plane”, the Conow tunnel I, for lignite mining. Shaft B was used for dewatering and ventilation, but was also equipped with a built-in drive section as an escape route. Experience and promotion but ran through the Conow studs I. shaft B was drilled on the well no. 49 close to the leading of Conow according Bockup way. It hit the coal seam at a depth of 45.2 m and was sunk another 3 m in its lying area; its total depth was therefore around 51 m. It was executed in bolt-shot timber with dense casing of 40 mm planks. The clear width of the shaft was 2.50 m × 3.50 m.
Removal and installation, dismantling process
After the shaft was completed, a pump chamber was worked out, lumbered out and bricked up in the coal at the northeastern shaft joint. Then, starting east of the shaft, a double-track inclined plane (Conow-Stollen I) in a door frame with thick cladding and an incline of about 7 degrees in a north-easterly direction, roughly parallel to the Conow-Bockuper-Weg, was driven up to days. It had the clear dimensions 2.30 m × 2.10 m and was lined with brick masonry.
For the apparatus of the deposit was in the strike of the seam driven to both sides of the shaft, a twin-track main conveying line (I. civil engineering sole) to the building boundaries. When driving into the unscratched area, pre-drilling was carried out daily to secure against sand breakthroughs and an electric hand lamp and sealing material (boards and straw) were kept ready. Suspended mining stretches were driven at intervals of around 15 m to the old man or to the outgoing part. The piercing stretches were spaced 10 m apart, the actual mining sites, the so-called fractures , had dimensions of around 4 m × 4 m. Pillar dismantling ( quarrying ) was used as the dismantling method . Safety pillars remained between the old man and the route so that they could be used as safe escape routes.
In 1924, the second underground level was driven to the west, to the further device of the so-called west wing, from Conow tunnel I to the "western weather shaft " (see above illustration, about 600 m length). To the opposite east wing towards the started was tunneling later discontinued because of an above ground bumped bore (bore 38) encountered a so-called Flözverdrückung. Here, in the eastern level of the 2nd level, the coal seam was displaced by gravel deposits. This eastern area should later by the III. Underground excavation, deflected from the Conow tunnel I, can be approached. The sinking of a shaft there began in September 1920 (Teufschacht A), but at a depth of 24 m it went out of position due to strong sand and water upwelling and had to be abandoned.
The ventilation took place naturally. If necessary, however, a pit ventilator in shaft B could be put into operation at any time . Later, when the I. level reached the old man, the "western weather shaft" was built, through which the mine ventilation improved. The operating plan provided for further weather boreholes with a diameter of 30 cm to be drilled from below to the surface near the mining sites.
The mine water inflows were around 1 m³ / min. They were collected in the swamp section of level II and lifted to the surface by several electric centrifugal pumps that were set up in a pump chamber above the level. Later, it was planned that the main drainage should run through shaft A ("Teufschacht A" in the illustration above).
The chain conveyor
The chain railway, which was put into operation in 1922 (built by the AW Mackensen machine factory in Magdeburg) in Conow tunnel I, was branched off in 1924 below the first underground level at an angle of 113 degrees to the west and led to the second underground level with little incursion. The creation of a straight extension in the downward direction was discarded because of the difficulty and cost that such a double-track line would entail in the geological fault zones to be penetrated. At the kink of the chain conveyor, which had been extended by 117 m, the chain (uncalibrated chain, link thickness 16 mmp, supplied by Caspar Post & Sons from Hagen) was led around two deflection discs with a diameter of 860 mm, on both sides of which chain rollers were arranged. The deflection pulleys and support rollers were placed so high that the chain released itself from the carriers of the trolley in good time . The wagons then drove through the track curve and were pushed back under the chain by a conveyor man. It was driven by a 15 kW electric motor. The performance of the chain conveyor was given as 3,000 hectoliters of coal (equivalent to 225 t) in 15 hours. A trolley held 6 hl or 450 kg.
The conveyor wagons brought to the surface through Conow-Stollen I were thrown on a loading platform by means of a rotary luffing machine over grates into the coal bunker and from here they were loaded partly into rail wagons and partly into wagons. Operators were Franz Buttenberg, later Gottlieb Riemer. From 1922 to 1926, around 155,000 t were exclusively funded for the plant's boiler systems. With the closure of the potash mine in 1926, the lignite mine also came to a standstill.
"State administration Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, lignite and salt production", followed by "Mecklenburgische Braunkohlenbergbau GmbH Malliss" and finally "VEB (K) Braunkohlenbergwerk Malliss" (1945–1960)
The revival of coal mining after the end of the war
After the occupation of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania by the Red Army , the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) established a state administration on July 9, 1945. This and the later state government (from December 1946) were subject to the supervision and control of the SMAD and the SMA and had to implement their orders.
The Soviet military administration exercised the supreme power of government until the founding of the GDR in October 1949. In a letter dated August 25, 1945 , the mining director Friedrich Prinz , who lived in Malliß , drew attention to the Malliss lignite deposits to this state administration, which was set up in July . Ultimately, his “ final report on my investigations into the utilization of the brown coal deposit in Malliss-Bockup ” of October 19, 1945 was the reason for the SMAD's order no. 13 of January 26, 1946: “Obtaining heating material: […] are also near the village Malliss, Ludwigslust district , significant brown coal deposits (around 1 million tons), the yield of which has not yet begun, although this coal could be used for industrial purposes as well as for the needs of the population. To carry out the above-mentioned order issued by the Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Forces in Germany, Marshal Zhukov [with Order No. 103 of October 10, 1945, the Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, Marshal Zhukov, had already instructed the state presidents and local self-governments] [ ...] to promote the exploitation of any kind of local heating material by all means. [...] I order: "
- "§ 4. For the purpose of dismantling the lignite deposits in the Malliss village district (Ludwigslust district), I apply to the director of the" Malliss "mining company, Mr. Prinz, to start shoring two coal shafts immediately and to work on July 15th. J. to finish. By increasing the capacity on January 1, 1947, a monthly yield of 15,000 tons of brown coal can be achieved. "
- "§ 5. The head of the economic department at the administration of the SMA in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, Colonel of the Guard Michailow, has the handover of the mine shaft facility which is located in the area of the naval arsenal (village Conow, district Ludwigslust) and is necessary for the start of work ensure and establish control over the execution of this command ”.
For the sake of completeness, it should not go unmentioned that before the end of the war, the Neu Kaliss citizen Victor Bausch (at the time director of the Neu Kaliss paper mill) informed the old Mecklenburg state government in detail about the Mallissian lignite deposits in a letter dated March 23, 1945 : [...] " In view of the current emergency situation, I would very much, especially in the interest of promoting domestic coal, would like the forgotten Malliss lignite deposit to be subjected to a competent review of its ability to be mined and eligibility for funding ”.
With a “ certificate ” dated December 17, 1945, the economics department of the state government of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania entrusted mine director Prinz, among other things, with the task of rebuilding a lignite mine. The operating license took place on September 5, 1946; mining began in October of the same year.
In the annual financial statements as of July 31, 1947, Mecklenburgische Braunkohlenbergbau GmbH stated: […] “In February 1946, the preparatory work for the opening up of a lignite mine in Malliss was started an average thickness of 2.5 to 2.6 m. The collapse of the seam from the NE-SW is about 10 m by 100 m. The analyzes of the coal drilled resulted in 2,300 - 4,000 WE. The mine site is owned by the sequestered brickworks owner Albert Lütke in Malliss ”.
The share capital of this company was 500,000 Reichsmarks; Of this, the state of Mecklenburg took over 499,000 Reichsmarks and Prince 1,000 Reichsmarks. Prince ceded his stake to the country on January 20, 1948, before the company was transferred to public ownership (as VEB lignite mine Malliss). This transfer took place by resolution of the extraordinary shareholders' meeting on July 18, 1949.
The management had the part of the field that was initially considered for dismantling drilled as planned. Since the upper seam according to the drilling results z. T. not available, z. In some cases it was not worth mining, it was limited to the alignment of the lower seam. For this purpose, two production shafts (shaft I, planned depth 55 m and shaft II, planned depth 65 m) were to be sunk at a distance of 100 m from each other, with a cross-section of 3.6 m × 2.1 m. In a letter dated April 30, 1946, the state government authorized Prinz to conclude a corresponding contract with Gebhardt & Koenig , Deutsche Schachtbau AG, Nordhausen. The contract was signed on August 20, 1946. It included the sinking of the two shafts, the creation of the filling points , the driving of the connecting section between the two shafts and the driving of a waterway of about 300 m in length.
The sinking of these shafts began traditionally by hand on September 2, 1946 in boreholes VII / 46 and VIII / 46, until the water that was blocked was no longer controllable. The mine administration refused to sell using the frozen shaft method for reasons of cost and decided on the chemical solidification method according to Hugo Joosten. The provision of the chemicals required for this was already a major problem in destroyed Germany. [...] "There were hardly any wagons and, moreover, the calcined Glauber's salt and melting sand required for the manufacture of water glass are difficult to obtain."
It was all the more disappointing that after about 125 t of water glass and chlorine magnesium had been pressed in, the clay-containing sand layers could not solidify. [...] "It was not possible to further sink the shaft by hand because the buoyancy on the shaft floor and the side pressure on the lower shaft joints steadily increased, so that the shafts began to settle and the square came out of plumb."
The commenced shafts had to be in August 1947 at a depth of 20 m (shaft I) resp. 22 m (shaft II) must be abandoned. Trying the old Conow cleats I again aufzuwältigen failed due to the merger of the old route of the former Cross chain conveyor, whereby the complete workings of sand displaced were filling with water and thus a through Teufen not allowed.
The Mallisser dismantling scheme
The deposit was exposed through seigere shafts and so-called inclined planes (tunnels) corresponding to the collapse of the seam. The further preparation of the deposit was carried out by traversing stretches set at intervals of about 25 m from these collapsing stretches. For the extraction of the coal, the pillar construction usual for brown coal civil engineering was used .
Characteristic of the mining around Malliss was its decentralization, which was due to the geological conditions. The röllige and trickling after its drainage sand in the hanging wall of the seam, and in the footwall zusitzenden and pressurized water did not permit it to excavate mines outside the coal seam. Because of the unstable overburden, all pit structures had to be carefully secured with timber (German door frame timbering with tight warping ) or brick walls.
The mine lifts happened in the seigeren shafts using reel and conveyor racks in the Leaning levels (tunnel) through chain conveyors and the striking distances by hand . There were limits to the mechanization of extraction due to the very changeable strike direction of the deposit. The natural ventilation of the mine work predominated; In some remote parts of the field, however, special ventilation by means of stationary pit and duct fans of various types and capacities was necessary. The fresh weather led from the chain areas over the mining floors to the north and south, coated the individual mining sites and pulled out again through a large number of weather shafts. So-called beating weather or even gas outbreaks occurring elsewhere in lignite mining did not occur in Malliss. It is reported, however, that so-called dull weather (low-oxygen) occurred , particularly when the barometer fell . The miners noticed this danger from the flickering, later soot and ultimately the extinguishing of the acetylene mine lamps . They immediately left this pit area. Accidents in this context did not occur. The safety of the mine workings made it necessary to leave safety pillars standing and led to mining losses of practically 30 percent. Of critical importance was the drainage , both the leading-field drainage (using many filter wells) and the collecting and removing of mine water. Further technological details are described below under Conow tunnels V and VI.
The further field exposure
An identified old remaining section of the Conow tunnel and remaining sections at the end of the deposit were opened up and dismantled through daily inclines - the Conow tunnels II to III (IIIa) - up to a flat length of 70 m. Striking stretches to the NW led to the road disturbance; to the southeast to the old man of the Marien-Stollen-Feld. The remaining parts of these fields were excavated while leaving a safety pier. 567 t (dropped in January 1948) were extracted from Conow tunnel II and 2,805 t (dropped in March 1948) from Conow tunnel III / IIIa. In March 1948, the new one-chute Conow shaft, located northwest of Conow tunnel III, was sunk to a depth of 18 m to the first level, and in the course of the year the seam was sunk with inclined stretches to the 6th level (75 m depth ) open minded. Coal mining began in May 1948. Initially to a limited extent, because the inclined sections had to cut through several water-bearing fault zones over a flat length of 110 m. In September 1948 there was also a water and swimming sand ingress from the old man on the 6th level , which brought further exploration work to a standstill for two months.
The seam was sweeping routes to the northwest and southeast Prepared . Here, at the Conow shaft, an “inclined plane” of the Conow tunnel IV was created in 1949. Trial bores in the northwest of the Conow IV shaft up to a distance of 1,000 m from the shaft produced favorable seam thicknesses of 2.20 m to 3.20 m in places. The chain track flat was driven up to the 6th level with two branches. Up to July 14, 1949, 3,282 tons of coal had been extracted from Conow-Stollen IV.
On July 15, 1948, work began on sinking the Malliss shaft around 150 m south-east of the B 191. By August 7, 1948, the shaft was sunk dry into the coal. Production started on September 1, 1948. It had a depth of 24 m. The production was done in two ways, up to 150 tons per day were extracted. Richter thinks it is worth mentioning from a geological point of view that when the shaft is being sunk, as before in borehole 2/48 at a depth of 8.6 m and in borehole 19/48 at a depth of 4.5 m, “[...] a nest-like coal deposit that is dry disintegrates into powder and is called "peat coal" by the miners . [...] It seems to be an allochthonous formation ".
Both shafts, Conow and Malliss, had the technical requirements for a subsequent three-shift operation with an output of 150 tons per working day.
In August of the same year, the sinking of a pipe shaft according to the Zänsler system (final depth 42.9 m, final diameter 1,000 mm) began 400 m north-west of the B 191 and was completed in March 1949. It later served as an extending weather shaft . In 1949 another 78 exploratory holes were drilled. Since the cost of a ton of coal in the Malliss shaft was almost double the cost of a ton of coal from the Conow V tunnel, the Malliss shaft was shut down in November 1954 with the approval of the state authorities.
The initial sales difficulties
The first sales difficulties arose in the summer of 1949. The reason was that many industrial combustion plants could not burn this type of raw lignite efficiently. In the hard coal firing plants that have been used up to now, a large part of Malliss’s raw lignite fell unburned through the grates due to the high proportion of up to 70% charcoal . The mine management therefore tried very hard to solve this problem in cooperation with scientists, heating experts and authorities. In order to use the coal effectively, heating systems with lignite pre-firing (such as trough or step grate firing) were suitable. Many larger companies, such as the Neu Kaliss paper mill, converted their boiler furnaces as a result. Important customers later included the Warnow shipyard in Warnemünde, the Volkswerft in Stralsund , the Mathias Thesen shipyard in Wismar, the Rostock diesel engine plant and the Malliss brickworks. From 1957, the Boizenburg tile works were added with a demand of at least 12,000 tons per year.
Prinz also suggested building an electricity station with an output of 10,000 kW to convert the brown coal into electricity. In a “ memorandum ” from the plant management on May 6, 1950, it says: […] “Due to the increased electricity consumption in the state of Mecklenburg, which will be reflected in this and in the. After the completion of the large shipyards, port facilities and other companies under construction and renovation will increase significantly in the next few years, it is to be expected that the supplied current and voltage will not be sufficient to fully supply the operating and lighting current. Even now, shutdowns and curfew hours must be carried out in the event of heavy use, which will increase when the new systems start up. Malliss, with his coal reserves of around seven million tons, would be able to supply the necessary coal for decades, since a 10,000 kW plant requires around 120,000 tons of coal annually. With the approximately 65 million kilowatt hours generated per year, one could supply the western district of Mecklenburg with electricity and the electricity coming from the south would then be available for central and eastern Mecklenburg. A direct conversion of Mallisser's lignite would be the ideal solution and would also ensure the continued existence of the mine for decades and, associated with this, give a permanent workforce of 230 people. The Malliss pit is no longer a test facility, but a real mine with the most modern facilities ”.
And in the end the attempts to manufacture wet press blocks with the addition of paraffin products were negative, because the Mallisser coal was unsuitable for briquetting due to its structure and ingredients.
Towards the end of 1950, the potential buyers had adjusted their firing systems to the special features of Malliss's raw lignite, so that both the production could be fully sold and the stockpiles could be reduced.
The main shafts, Conow galleries V and VI
Conow tunnel V
The geological research work for the “Conow-Stollen V” construction site was carried out in 1955/56 by the State Geological Commission, Schwerin Geological Service. The drilling distances were approximately 150 m × 200 m, in some places even less. The boreholes were mostly driven into the depth of the seam. A seam thickness of 2.0 m to a remarkable 3.6 m was drilled up to an overburden of around 70 m. At the greater depths, a general weakening of the seam down to a thickness of less than 2 m was found.
The pre-projected new Seigere Conow V shaft was not built, but began to drive the Conow V shaft in August 1952. The first coal was extracted after just four weeks from the start of this work. This tunnel was the main shaft until the end of mining in 1960. Here the first level has already been driven as a double track. From doppeltrümigen brake mountains out were dismantling routes deflected. The jig work was carried out with the devil areas I and II as well as with the inclined main chain track up to the 7th level. The sole distance was about 50 m. The striking device was with the 5th level north up to the field boundary; with the 6th level north 380 m and with the 6th level south 600 m up to the mine workings of the decommissioned Conow tunnel IV. In 1959, the pillars of the 4th level north and the 5th level south and north were dismantled. Piers were used as the mining method. The size of the fractures was based on the local pressure conditions. It was max. 3 m × 4 m; the overall height was 2.2 m. The pit was completed in wood using the German door frame timbering .
The conveyance to the surface took place by means of chain conveyors, which were set up in the tunnel in mid-1953 and on the first level in late 1953 / early 1954. An uncalibrated link chain with a diameter of 18 mm was used as the conveyor chain. The travel speed was 1 m per second, the conveying capacity around 250 t per shift. It was driven by 15 kW electric motors. Devil-flat and rising stretches were operated with electrically operated conveyor reels with an open rope as required. The lignite was transported to the sweeping chain railways via braking mountains with an open rope . The trolleys used had, as used everywhere, a volume of 0.5 m³.
Two driving shafts were used for driving, which were also equipped as weather shafts. Routes ran parallel to the inclined plane at intervals of around 10 to 15 m. The inclined plane served as the third escape route. Driving routes were carried out in parallel to drive on the main conveyor level and the braking mountains. The water retention of about 3.5 m³ / min draw forming inflows was performed by centrifugal and piston pumps and various piping systems ultimately in a Vorflutgraben the Rögnitz which of the same is flowing not. The coal was extracted exclusively with a wedge hoe ; Explosives were not used.
Conow tunnel VI
The geological research work for the "Conow VI" construction site was carried out in 1954/55 and 1956 by the State Geological Commission, Schwerin Geological Service. The northern boundary of the construction site was formed by a Pleistocene fault zone, which was proven by several boreholes. The first level reached this fault after about 200 m.
The jig work was carried out with the devil areas I and II as well as with the inclined main chain track up to the third level. The sole distance here was around 60 m. The coating device was operated with the 2nd and 3rd levels north to the fault zone and to the south as far as the old pits of the Conow-V tunnel.
In 1959, the remaining pillars of the 1st level north and south and the pillars of the 2nd level south and north were dismantled in the broken pillar construction with the same size and door frame as in the Conow V field as in the Conow tunnel V. The sweeping conveyance on the 1st level was operated manually, as the short distances did not justify the installation of chain tracks. Devil-flat and rising stretches were equipped with electrically operated conveyor reels with open ropes as required. The lignite was removed via brake mountains using a reel. Driving was carried out in the same way as on Conow tunnel V. The water inflow in this part of the field was approximately 0.5 m³ / min and was fed to the central drainage system (see Conow tunnel V).
The daytime facilities of Conow tunnels V and VI had massive coal bunkers with a capacity of around 200 t and 150 t. The extracted lignite was not processed. Both plants were equipped with screening plants with a capacity of around 50 t / day for the production of domestic lump coal. The loading of the raw lignite from the coal bunkers to the Reichsbahn connection was carried out using diesel locomotives and 1.75 m³ lorries on 600 mm field railway track. The loading into the railway wagons was carried out using two 25 m conveyor belts.
The cessation of mining work
The decline of Malliss's lignite mining was already apparent at the end of 1956. Geological exploratory boreholes had found further faults and in places the strikethrough of the lignite bottom seam. In an " Expert opinion on the conditions of the civil engineering facilities Conow V / VI of the VEB (K) lignite plant Malliss " of the Technical District Mining Inspection Stassfurt from August 5, 1958 it can be read:
[…] “On July 22, 1958, the Technical District Mining Inspection in Staßfurt was driving through Annex V / VI. The Conow IV mining was carried out down to a depth of the 17th level. Since the water conditions in the lying and hanging walls, as well as fluctuations in the thickness of the coal, resulted in great difficulties for further exploration, Conow IV was shut down. Conow V and the 5th level are on the same level as the 15th level of Conow IV. Thus, the facility with the jig work for the 6th level comes into the area in which the same difficulties are to be expected as in Conow IV appeared.
[…] The same conditions are found in Conow VI with the fixture work of the 2nd and 2nd 3. Sole occur. These difficulties are particularly in the poor drainage BEZW. the small seam thickness. [...]
All of these difficulties will, in our opinion, lead to a reduction in production and thus an increase in production costs in the future
Profitability of the operation will be necessary, especially since it will be difficult to mechanize the plant ”. And in the plant's operational plan for 1959 it says:
“There is a natural limit to an increase in production due to the difficult tunneling work that is unable to create the necessary tunneling area. The difficulties are due to the fine grain of the sands to be drained, especially in the lying areas of the seam. The flow rate is extremely low, so that there must be a certain period of time for drainage and relaxation. If this period is not adhered to and device sections are driven into an unrelaxed mountain range, then experience has shown that strong lying-sand-water bursts occur, the effects of which cannot be controlled despite the creation of relief locations. The Conow-Tunnel V facility has reached the level of the planned 6th level with the devil areas I and II. The existing geological exploration boreholes allow preliminary planning up to the 9th level after the depth. In addition, a reduction in the seam thickness can be observed, which will hardly allow any economic exploitation of the deposit. This results in an expected mining activity until 1962-64 ”.
The following figures show the importance of a sufficient facility in the deposit for mining the coal: In 1958, 2,810 m of conveying and driving routes and braking mountains were excavated in Conow tunnel V and 2,770 m in Conow tunnel VI. These were the prerequisites for the highest annual production of 105,791 t to date . And such device services were simply no longer achievable due to the hydrogeological conditions now pending. For these reasons, the Malliss mining industry became unprofitable and ended on March 31, 1960. In total, during this period in the Malliß lignite mining industry, coal production from the lower seam was approx. 0.9 million tons The last plant manager was Adolf Herrmann , the last technical manager Johannes Winkler .
On April 11, 1961, the areas used for mining were returned to the State Forestry Company Perleberg, based in Karstädt, for further forestry use. The entire former Malliß mining area has a size of around 120 hectares. These areas show day breaks and subsidence . A special latent risk of daybreak still exists for decades in the areas of the Conow and Malliss fields. Therefore, areas closed off by signs should not be entered.
The quality of the raw lignite
According to its genesis, the Mallisser Unterflöz coal is a hardwood charcoal, in which oak wood is primarily contained. As hardwood charcoal, it does not have enough bitumen to be easily briquetted .
The Malliß brown coal had roughly the following grain size:
- 60% from 0 to 10 mm
- 20% from 10 to 20 mm
- 20% over 20 mm
With a content of about 50% water and 5-7% ash, the lower calorific value was about 10,500 kJ / kg and the upper calorific value was about 12,100 kJ / kg. With a water content of 49%, the charcoal had a lower calorific value of around 11,300 kJ / kg and an upper calorific value of up to 13,200 kJ / kg.
statistics
| field | Period | metric tons |
|---|---|---|
| Malliss field | 1947 to 1954 | approx. 147,000 |
| Conow tunnel IV | 1948 to 1957 | approx. 240,000 |
| Conow tunnel V | 1952 to 1960 | approx. 452,000 |
| Conow tunnel VI | 1957 to 1960 | approx. 75,500 |
| total | approx. 914,500 |
| year | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Promotion (t) | - | 3,087 | 12,300 | 34,640 | 43,042 | 64,099 | 71,472 | 81,760 | 92,340 | 102,376 | 103,827 | 103.067 | 105.791 | 80,703 | 16,048 |
| Workforce | 92 | 136 | 196 | 218 | 195 | 216 | 242 | 247 | 254 | 254 | 256 | 256 | 261 | 215 | 170 |
Literature / sources
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin Mining Authority, inventory signature 5.12-3 / 18, No. 60, State Main Archive Schwerin.
- Ministry of Economics, inventory signature 6.11-14, No. 3596, State Main Archive Schwerin.
- Operation plan 1959 for the VEB (K) lignite mine Malliß (Mecklenburg) . Inventory signature 3598, Ludwigslust district archive.
- Benno Stannek: Inspection report no. 11/58 and 12/58, object Conow V and VI shafts of VEB (K) Malliss lignite works, Ludwigslust district . Central Geological Service, Geological Service Schwerin, 1959, archive of the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology (LUNG) of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
- o. V .: Technology through the ages. Company history of Schachtbau Nordhausen . Volume 2 Part 1, Nordhausen, 2006.
- Günter Pinzke, Detlef Ehle: Engineering geological report on the property at Panzerstraße Malliss . Council of the District of Schwerin, Geology Department, 1978, inventory signature IG 2733 10 0019, archive of the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology (LUNG) of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
- Günter Pinzke: The Malliss lignite deposit in southwest Mecklenburg; Geology, exploration and extraction - an outline of mining history. In: Association of Friends of Art and Culture in Mining e. V. (Ed.): THE ANSCHNITT . 65th year, No. 4 , pp. 145-161, 2013.
- Günter Pinzke: The Mallißer lignite mining . Verlag BoD-Books on Demand Norderstedt, 2015. 196 pages, 108 illustrations, ISBN 978-3-7347-6915-3 .
- Hans-Joachim Bötefür: I drive into deep shafts . Stories from the Wanzeberg, lignite mining in Malliß 1945–1960. Ed .: Municipality of Malliß, Malliß 1996.
- J. Gliese: The hydrogeological conditions in the area of the Malliss lignite mining . Inventory signature GC2.1.1-001597 + 1/2, archive of the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology (LUNG) of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
- H. Birndt, T. Triller: Results of the risk analysis and the safekeeping work of the former brown coal civil engineering in Malliß / Conow . Lecture for the 5th Altbergbau-Kolloquium 2005, Bergamt Stralsund and DMT Leipzig.
- H. Rössler: Mineral damage analysis of the Malliss lignite mining . Unpublished, Council of the District of Schwerin, Geology Department, 1985, inventory signature BR 0025, archive of the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology (LUNG) of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Prime Minister, interpreting office , orders of the SMA Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1946 , inventory signature 6.11-2, no. 1463a, State Main Archive Schwerin
- ↑ Monthly reports on production, workforce, technology, inventions , inventory signature 3394, Ludwigslust district archive
- ^ A b Deutsche Schacht- und Tiefbohrgesellschaft Gebhardt & Koenig , inventory signature 3375, Ludwigslust district archive
- ↑ C. Richter: Geological pass of the Malliss brown coal deposit. unpublished, Geological State Institute, Mecklenburg branch, Schwerin 1949.
- ↑ Annual reports, balance sheet , 1950, inventory signature 5173, Ludwigslust district archive
- ↑ a b Ministry of Economics , inventory signature 6.11-14, No. 3595, State Main Archive Schwerin
Web links
- Literature about Marien-Stollen in the state bibliography MV
- Mining Authority Stralsund : [1]
- Günter Pinzke: The history of the mining and saltworks in Mecklenburg
- Günter Pinzke: Old mining in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Retrieved May 10, 2016 (documentation).