List of princes in the German Empire

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The German Federal Princes were called the crowned heads of the federal states (member states) in the North German Confederation (from 1867) and in the German Empire (1871-1918). Sometimes only the federal princes were meant who were not King of Prussia (since 1871: German Emperor ). The heads of the city-states of Hamburg , Bremen and Lübeck , which were constituted as republics , and the governors appointed by the Kaiser in the realm of Alsace-Lorraine were not federal princes .

The princes of the monarchically ruled federal states of the German Empire are listed below.

Kings of Prussia ( Hohenzollern )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Kaiser Wilhelm I .JPG Wilhelm I
(March 22, 1797 - March 9, 1888) 		January 2, 1861 - March 9, 1888
FriedIII.jpg Friedrich III.
(October 18, 1831 - June 15, 1888) 		March 9, 1888 - June 15, 1888
Wilhelm II of Germany.jpg Wilhelm II
(born January 27, 1859 - † June 4, 1941) 		June 15, 1888 - November 9, 1918

Kings of Bavaria ( Wittelsbacher , Pfalz-Birkenfeld line )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
De 20 year old Ludwig II in crown coat door Ferdinand von Piloty 1865.jpg Ludwig II
(born August 25, 1845 - † June 13, 1886) 		March 10, 1864 - June 9, 1886
OttoIBeieren.jpg Otto
(April 27, 1848 - October 11, 1916) 		June 13, 1886 - November 5, 1913 Unable to rule , Prince Regent Luitpold led the regency for him
King Ludwig III. from Bavaria.jpg Ludwig III.
(7 January 1845 - 18 October 1921) 		November 5, 1913 - November 7, 1918 was Prince Regent from December 12, 1912

Kings of Saxony ( Wettin , Albertine line )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
1801 Johann I.jpg Johann
(December 12, 1801 - October 29, 1873) 		August 9, 1854 - October 29, 1873
Nicola Perscheid - King Albert of Saxony before 1902.jpg Albert
(April 23, 1828 - June 19, 1902) 		October 29, 1873 - June 19, 1902
George of Saxony 1895.jpg Georg
(August 8, 1832 - October 15, 1904) 		June 19, 1902 - October 15, 1904
Friedrich August III of Saxony in parade uniform.jpg Friedrich August III.
(May 25, 1865 - February 18, 1932) 		October 15, 1904 - November 13, 1918

Kings of Württemberg ( House of Württemberg )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Karl-Württemberg.jpg Charles I
(March 6, 1823 - October 6, 1891) 		June 25, 1864 - October 6, 1891
King Wilhelm II.jpg Wilhelm II
(February 25, 1848 - October 2, 1921) 		October 6, 1891 - November 30, 1918

Grand Dukes of Baden ( House of Baden )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Grand Duke Friedrich v. Baden.jpg Friedrich I
(September 9, 1826 - September 28, 1907) 		September 5, 1856 - September 28, 1907
II. Frigyes badeni nagyherceg.jpg Friedrich II
(born July 9, 1857 - † August 9, 1928) 		September 28, 1907 - November 22, 1918

Grand Dukes of Hesse and the Rhine ( House of Hesse , Darmstadt line)

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Ludwig3Hesse.jpg Ludwig III.
(June 9, 1806; † June 13, 1877) 		June 16, 1848 - June 13, 1877
Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse-Darmstadt and by Rhine.jpg Ludwig IV
(September 12, 1837 - March 13, 1892) 		June 13, 1877 - March 13, 1892
Ernst Ludwig von Hessen 1905 Photo Jacob Hilsdorf.jpeg Ernst Ludwig
(born November 25, 1868 - † October 9, 1937) 		March 13, 1892 - November 11, 1918

Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg ( Mecklenburg House , Schwerin Line)

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
1823 Friedrich Franz-04.JPG Friedrich Franz II
(February 28, 1823 - April 15, 1883) 		March 17, 1842 - April 15, 1883
1851 Friedrich Franz Friedrich Franz III.
(March 19, 1851 - April 10, 1897) 		April 15, 1883 - April 10, 1897
Friedrich Franz IV.jpg Friedrich Franz IV
(born April 9, 1882 - † November 17, 1945) 		April 10, 1897 - November 14, 1918

Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg ( House of Mecklenburg , Strelitz Line)

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Friedrich Wilhelm (Mecklenburg-Strelitz) .jpg Friedrich Wilhelm
(October 17, 1819 - May 30, 1904) 		September 6, 1860 - May 30, 1904
Adolf Friedrich V (Mecklenburg-Strelitz) .jpg Adolf Friedrich V.
(* July 22, 1848 - † June 11, 1914) 		May 30, 1904 - June 11, 1914
Adolf Friedrich VI (Mecklenburg-Strelitz) .jpg Adolf Friedrich VI.
(June 17, 1882 - February 24, 1918) 		June 11, 1914 - February 23, 1918 unexplained death, the date of death was given as February 23 in the autopsy report, but it was not found until February 24.
Friedrich Franz IV.jpg Friedrich Franz IV
(born April 9, 1882 - † November 17, 1945) 		February 23, 1918 - November 14, 1918 As a rot

Grand Dukes of Oldenburg ( Holstein-Gottorp )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
NicolaasFrederikPeter.jpg Peter II
(July 8, 1827 - June 13, 1900) 		February 27, 1853 - June 13, 1900
HL Damals - Ghz v Oldenburg.jpg Friedrich August II
(born November 16, 1852 - † February 24, 1931) 		June 13, 1900 - November 10, 1918

Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ( House of Saxe-Weimar )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
1818 Carl Alexander.JPG Carl Alexander
(born June 24, 1818 - † January 5, 1901) 		July 8, 1853 - January 5, 1901
WilhelmErnst (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach) .jpg Wilhelm Ernst
(June 10, 1876 - April 24, 1923) 		January 5, 1901 - November 9, 1918

Dukes of Anhalt ( Ascanians )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Leopold IV Anhalt.jpg Leopold Friedrich IV
(October 1, 1794 - May 22, 1871) 		August 9, 1817 - May 22, 1871
Friedrich I Anhalt.jpg Friedrich I.
(April 29, 1831 - January 24, 1904) 		May 22, 1871 - January 24, 1904
Friedrich II Anhalt.jpg Friedrich II
(born August 19, 1856 - † April 21, 1918) 		January 24, 1904 - April 21, 1918
Eduard, Duke of Anhalt.JPG Eduard
(April 18, 1861 - September 13, 1918) 		April 21, 1918 - September 13, 1918
Joachim Ernst duke of Anhalt.jpg Joachim Ernst
(born January 11, 1901 - † February 18, 1947) 		September 13, 1918 - November 12, 1918

Dukes and regents of Braunschweig and Lüneburg ( Welfen , Wolfenbüttel line)

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
1806 Wilhelm.jpg Wilhelm
(April 25, 1806 - October 18, 1884) 		April 20, 1831 - October 18, 1884 After the death of Wilhelm, who left no legitimate heir, a regency council took over the affairs of state.
Count v. Görtz-Wrisberg as a student.jpg Hermann von Görtz-Wrisberg
(* April 5, 1819 - † February 22, 1889) 		October 18, 1884 - November 2, 1885 Chairman of the Regency Council
Albrecht of Prussia (1837–1906) .jpg Albrecht of Prussia
(8 May 1837 - 13 September 1906) 		November 2, 1885 - September 13, 1906 Regent of Braunschweig
Albert von Otto.jpg Albert von Otto
(23 December 1836 - 15 September 1922) 		September 13, 1906 - June 5, 1907 President of the Regency Council
Johann-Albrecht-zu-Mecklenburg.jpg Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg
(December 8, 1857 - February 16, 1920) 		June 5, 1907 - November 1, 1913 Regent of Braunschweig
Ernst August Duke of Braunschweig.jpg Ernst August
(born November 17, 1887 - † January 30, 1953) 		November 1, 1913 - November 8, 1918 from the Hanover line

Dukes of Saxony-Altenburg ( House of Saxony-Altenburg (formerly Hildburghausen) )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
DukeErnstIsaxealtenburg.jpg Ernst I.
(born September 16, 1826 - † February 7, 1908) 		August 3, 1853 - February 7, 1908
Ernst II of Saxony-Altenburg 1915.jpg Ernst II
(born August 31, 1871 - † March 22, 1955) 		February 7, 1908 - November 13, 1918

Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ( House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.jpg Ernst II
(born June 21, 1818 - † August 22, 1893) 		January 29, 1844 - August 22, 1893
Alfred-sachsen-coburg-gotha.jpg Alfred
(August 6, 1844 - July 30, 1900) 		August 22, 1893 - July 30, 1900
Federal archive image 183-R05618, Karl-Eduard von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha.jpg Carl Eduard
(July 19, 1884 - March 6, 1954) 		July 30, 1900 - November 14, 1918

Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen and Hildburghausen ( House of Saxe-Meiningen )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Georg II. Saxe-Meiningen.jpg George II
(April 2, 1826 - June 25, 1914) 		September 21, 1866 - June 25, 1914
Bernhard III (Saxe-Meiningen) .jpg Bernhard III.
(April 1, 1851 - January 16, 1928) 		June 25, 1914 - November 10, 1918

Fürsten zur Lippe ( House Lippe )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
LeopoldIIILippe.jpg Leopold III.
(September 1, 1821 - December 8, 1875) 		January 1, 1851 - December 8, 1875
Woldemar of Lippe.jpg Woldemar
(April 18, 1824 - March 20, 1895) 		December 8, 1875 - March 20, 1895
Alexander zur Lippe.jpg Alexander
(January 16, 1831 - January 13, 1905) 		March 20, 1895 - January 13, 1905 nominally reigning Prince zur Lippe, but incapacitated as mentally ill. Until 1897 Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe led the regency, from 1897 Ernst zur Lippe-Biesterfeld
LeopoldIVofLippe.jpg Leopold IV
(May 30, 1871 - December 30, 1949) 		October 25, 1905 - November 12, 1918

Princes Reuss older line ( House Reuss )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Heinrich XXII Reuss older line.jpg Heinrich XXII.
(March 28, 1846 - April 19, 1902) 		November 8, 1859 - April 19, 1902
Heinrich XXIV RäL.jpg Heinrich XXIV.
(March 20, 1878 - October 14, 1927) 		April 19, 1902 - November 11, 1918 Unable to rule, personal union with Reuss younger line from 1902 to 1918

Prince Reuss younger line ( House Reuss )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Heinrich XIV RjL.jpg Heinrich XIV.
(May 28, 1832 - March 29, 1913) 		July 11, 1867 - March 29, 1913 was under the reign of his son Heinrich XXVII. from October 15, 1908 to March 29, 1913.
Heinrich XXVII RjL.jpg Heinrich XXVII.
(November 10, 1858 - November 21, 1928) 		March 29, 1913 - November 10, 1918

Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe ( House of Schaumburg-Lippe )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Adolf I of Schaumburg-Lippe.jpg Adolf I. Georg
(born August 1, 1817 - † May 8, 1893) 		November 21, 1860 - May 8, 1893
Georg (Schaumburg-Lippe) .jpg Georg
(October 10, 1846 - April 29, 1911) 		May 8, 1893 - April 29, 1911
Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe c1917.jpg Adolf II
(February 23, 1883 - March 26, 1936) 		April 29, 1911 - November 15, 1918

Princes of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt ( House of Schwarzburg )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Georg of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.jpg Georg Albert
(born November 23, 1838 - † January 19, 1890) 		November 26, 1869 - January 19, 1890
Günther Victor von Schwarzburg.jpg Günther Victor
(born August 21, 1852 - † April 16, 1925) 		January 19, 1890 - November 23, 1918 was also regent in Sondershausen 1909-1918

Princes of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen ( Schwarzburg House )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Prince Günther Sondersh.jpg Günther Friedrich Karl II.
(* September 24, 1801; † September 15, 1889) 		August 19, 1835 - July 17, 1880
Karl Gunther Schwarzburg.jpg Carl Günther
(* August 7, 1830 - † March 28, 1909) 		July 17, 1880 - March 28, 1909
Günther Victor von Schwarzburg.jpg Günther Victor
(born August 21, 1852 - † April 16, 1925) 		March 28, 1909 - November 25, 1918 Personal union with Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

Princes of Waldeck and Pyrmont ( Waldeck House )

image Name
(life data) 		Reign Remarks
Georg Victor Waldeck Pyrmont.jpeg Georg Victor
(born January 14, 1831 - † May 12, 1893) 		May 15, 1845 - May 12, 1893
Friedrich (Waldeck Pyrmont) .jpg Friedrich
(born January 20, 1865 - † May 26, 1946) 		May 12, 1893 - November 13, 1918