Johann Albrecht (Mecklenburg)

Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Johann Albrecht, Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin] (* December 8, 1857 in Schwerin , † February 16, 1920 in Wiligrad near Schwerin; full name: Johann Albrecht Ernst Konstantin Friedrich Heinrich ) was from April 11, 1897 to April 9 1901 Regent in Mecklenburg-Schwerin , from 1907 to 1913 Regent of the Duchy of Braunschweig and German colonial politician.

Life path

Life and education

Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach , Duchess of Mecklenburg in 1907

Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Roßla , Duchess of Mecklenburg

Johann Albrecht was born in 1857 as the fifth child of Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II (1823–1883) and his first wife, Auguste Reuss zu Schleiz-Köstritz (1822–1862), daughter of Prince Heinrich LXIII. Reuss zu Schleiz-Köstritz, born in Schwerin. He was a half-brother of the Africa traveler and last governor of Togo, Duke Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg , who later made a career as a sports official.

Like his older brothers, the young Johann Albrecht, after home education and instruction, attended the public Vitzthumsche Gymnasium in Dresden , which had emerged from the Blochmann educational institution.

After completing his school education, Johann Albrecht studied law and philosophy in Bonn and Dresden for a few semesters . During his student days he became a member of the Corps Borussia Bonn student union and received him in 1880.

After the death of his brother, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. , Johann Albrecht took over the affairs of state on April 11, 1897 for his nephew, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who was not yet of legal age , and led this until his 19th birthday on April 9, 1901.

After the end of the monarchy and the abdication of his nephew on November 14, 1918, Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg retired to his estate in Wiligrad. In December 1919 the Duke suffered a stroke , as a result of which he had to limit his activities.

At the age of only 62, he died on the afternoon of February 16, 1920 at the Wiligrad Castle near Lübstorf , which he had built , as a result of a heart attack. He was buried in the Doberan Minster .

marriage

Duke Johann Albrecht had been married to Princess Elisabeth of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (1854–1908) since November 6, 1886 , who died on July 10, 1908 after a serious illness at Wiligrad Castle and was buried on July 15, 1908 in the Doberan Minster has been.

On December 15, 1909, he married again, with Princess Elisabeth zu Stolberg-Roßla (1885–1969) , who was twenty-eight years his junior, in Braunschweig Cathedral .

Both marriages remained childless.

military service

Good relations with the military were essential. Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II was always aware of this, so he had his sons assigned to a Mecklenburg military unit at an early stage. He had his third eldest son Johann Albrecht sent to the Mecklenburg Jäger battalion à la suite .

After completing his studies, he joined the Royal Prussian Leib-Guard Hussar Regiment as a lieutenant in 1881 . He led a squadron from 1886 and was promoted to major . In 1895 Johann Albrecht ended his active military career. He was then placed in the Leib-Garde-Hussar Regiment with the rank of lieutenant colonel à la suite and promoted to general of the cavalry in the following years .

On April 9, 1901, Lieutenant General Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg was appointed chief of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion No. 14 and promoted to general of the infantry in the following years .

He was given à la suite to the Imperial Protection Force in East Africa in 1914.

Political activity

Colonial policy

Bust of Johann Albrechts (by Hugo Berwald ) in the midst of objects from the colonial exhibition that was held as part of the trade exhibition in Berlin-Treptow in 1896.

Construction of the Johann-Albrechtshöhe station in Cameroon, around 1904

Johann-Albrecht-Platz in the capital Lome in Togo , around 1905

Following his strong interest in German colonial policy, he resigned from active military service in 1882 and became involved in the German Colonial Society . At a young age he made several extensive trips to Africa and Asia. On January 15, 1895, the Duke was unanimously elected President of the German Colonial Society, whose business he ran with great commitment. He operated an elite club policy that isolated internal critics like Carl Peters . His club management was described as militarily tight. Duke Johann Albrecht was also responsible for the initiative to eliminate the shortage of women in German Southwest Africa by soliciting brides for German settlers in their homeland. During the colonial wars in German East Africa and German South West Africa, he worried about the “true” image of German colonial soldiers in public. This resulted in propaganda actions that were supposed to have a positive influence on this “true picture”.

At a meeting of the Colonial Council on October 28, 1895, as chairman of the German Colonial Society, he commented on the "contribution to solving the social question" made by the criminal lawyer Professor Friedrich Bruck and the proposal made therein for the deportation of prisoners to the German Africa colonial areas . He was open to such considerations.

The German colonial congresses of 1902, 1905 and 1910 took place under his presidium. At these congresses the idea of ​​colonialism should be deepened through geographical, ethnographic, tropical medicine and colonial law discussions through the "colonial sciences". Especially the emigration of German settlers to the colonies, but also to Latin America, were central issues for Johann Albrecht. Until the abolition of the Colonial Council in 1908, he was a member of it, as well as the Colonial Economic Committee , both advisory bodies of the Reich Government. He was one of the propagandists of a larger German colonial empire and, after the outbreak of war in 1914, advocated a closed German territory in Central Africa , which was to include almost the entire sub-Saharan colonies of France, Belgium, Portugal and Great Britain.

In addition, since 1900 he held the position of chairman of the information advisory board of the Central Information Center for Emigrants. He was the protector of the main association of German naval associations abroad and chaired the welfare lottery since 1898. As Membre Effectif of the Institut Colonial International , he presided over the negotiations in Berlin in 1897 and in Wiesbaden in 1904.

He was also the patron of the German Colonial School in Witzenhausen an der Werra and, since 1909, the patronage for the colonial warriors thanks, the association to support former colonial warriors of the army, navy and the protection and police forces.

Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg, regent of Braunschweig

During his presidency in the German Colonial Society (DKG), the number of members rose from 16,514 in 1894 to around 42,000 in 1912. The following locations in the German colonial areas were named after Duke Johann Albrecht:

• The Johann-Albrechts-Höhe was a government station in Cameroon on the southeastern shore of the Elephant Lake . It was built in 1895 in place of the abandoned Barombistation.
• A station on the Swakopmund – Windhoek railway near Karibib (Namibia) was called Johann-Albrechtshöhe .
• The Johann-Albrecht-place in Lome (Togo).
• In Windhoek (Namibia) a small street between Brahmsstraße and Verdistraße in the Polytechnic quarter is named after him.
• The natural harbor named after Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg was located in the main crater of the volcanic island Garowe (Deslacs). It has a depth of up to 146 meters. The island belonged to the German New Guinea colony from 1899 to 1914 .

In an obituary dated February 23, 1920, Reich Colonial Minister Otto Geßler affirmed that Duke Johann Albrecht had been convinced of the necessity and future of the colonies to the very end, which at that time no longer corresponded to the given realities.

Politics until 1914

After the death of his brother, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III., Johann Albrecht took over the affairs of state in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on April 11, 1897 and led them until April 9, 1901. During this time, he was responsible for important decisions and orders :

• State treaty between Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Denmark on the establishment of the railway ferry connection between Warnemünde and Gedser .
• Establishment of the mining authority Hagenow to oversee the salt mining, introduction of Mecklenburg mining regulations .
• Ordinance on Disability Insurance Act of 13 July 1899.
• Establishment of farming colleges as part of the ordinance on land ownership in the countryside.
• Introduction of the school subject of Mecklenburg history in the schools of the state.
• Ordering the restoration of numerous church buildings.
• Obligation of the communities to keep a parish chronicle.

Farewell to Duke Regent Johann Albrecht, Braunschweig November 1913

In his capacity as regent of the country, he took part in numerous festivities, including the inauguration of the railway line Schwerin - Gadebusch - Rehna.

The duke was always associated with the war clubs and the Mecklenburg military units. So he donated a warrior club medal. The Duke was also responsible for the awarding of the light green lapels of the volunteer hunters of 1813/15 with silver embroidery, which were awarded to the Mecklenburg hunter battalion on December 2, 1899 in Colmar .

After the death of Prince Albrecht of Prussia on September 13, 1906, the Duke was elected regent of the Duchy of Braunschweig by the Braunschweig State Assembly on May 28, 1907 . On June 5, 1907, Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg took over the reign after consultation with Reich Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow and Kaiser Wilhelm II , which lasted until November 1, 1913. On this day the Duke handed over the business of government to the new regent of the Duchy of Braunschweig, Duke Ernst August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . As thanks for his services, the Duke received parting gifts, on the one hand a precious silver replica of the old town market fountain and on the other hand a bronze cast of the Braunschweig lion. This was later placed on a more than 5 meter high pyramidal base in front of Wiligrad Castle .

Duke Johann Albrecht in the uniform of the Prussian Body Guard Hussar Regiment

Duke Johann Albrecht was distinguished for the establishment of various foundations responsible, so for the relief fund to Wiligrad, the Colonial marriage Foundation to Wiligrad to promote colonial purposes, the Vorwerg'sche Youth Foundation to Wiligrad and the foundation for the best of the officer corps of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Rifle Battalion No. 14 .

First World War

In 1915, Johann Albrecht brokered the treaty with Bulgaria, in which the country committed itself to entering the war on the side of the Central Powers. The duke conducted the previous negotiations with the Bulgarian King Ferdinand I at Wiligrad Castle, among others .

During the World War Johann Albrecht demanded the annexation of Poland and Belgium and the expulsion of the local population, whom he regarded as "foreign, degenerate Walloons". According to his will, the areas should be colonized by German settlers.

In the summer of 1917 he became honorary chairman of the German Fatherland Party . The chairmanship was held by Alfred von Tirpitz and Wolfgang Kapp , the latter leading the Kapp Putsch in March 1920 . The speech of the honorary chairman at the first public meeting on September 24, 1917 in the Philharmonie Berlin , in which the co-founder of the party Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz also took part, was remarkable . The nationalist speech was at the same time shaped by realism. So he was aware of the need among the population and at the front. He named the grievances without further ado, which was a contrast to the martial evocation of German heroism and the will to win. The closing words of his speech once again confirmed its nationalistic character:

“Gather around us, be united and strong, worthy of our heroes at the front! Heil Germany. "

In the further course of the process, the Duke participated intensively in the party work, as the received internal party correspondence shows. Duke Johann Albrecht was also contacted by Wolfgang Kapp in October 1917 in order to advise on the possible purchase of the “Munich Latest News” and its use as the central organ of the Fatherland Party.

In ten booklets of German War Sounds , Johann Albrecht put together war poems that had previously appeared in the daily press.

During the course of the First World War, Duke Johann Albrecht advocated expansive colonial conquests and their ruthless implementation.

to travel

1910/11 at the court of Susuhunan Pakubuwono X in Java Indonesia

Thailand's King Chulalongkorn visit Bad Harzburg in August 1907

Already in his youth the duke traveled through Europe, his destinations were Switzerland and France . During his studies in Bonn he visited Spain and Portugal , all under his pseudonym Dr. Stone to be able to travel undetected.

In 1879 Italy was the destination of a journey lasting several months. There the Duke visited numerous art-historically interesting locations. The admiration for Italian architecture is still visible today at Wiligrad Castle.

He began his first great world tour in early November 1882. The journey took him via Constantinople and Egypt to India . In India, Bombay and the Himalayas were important goals of his visit. There he received news of the death of his father, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II. After crossing India, he traveled on to China and Japan. Starting from Japan , he traveled to the United States and crossed it by land. In November 1883 he returned to Schwerin from his one-year trip around the world on the steamer Werra I.

A multi-page travelogue of his first world trip was published in 1884 under the title Diary Sketches from South Asia 1883 . In addition, an extra supplement was published in the Mecklenburgische Landesnachrichten .

After the wedding in 1895, the Duke traveled to India again with his wife Elisabeth. From there, a few weeks later he traveled on to German East Africa . The trip was of particular importance as he had previously assumed the presidency of the German Colonial Society.

In 1903 and 1904 he toured the Canary Islands with his wife . There the Duchess's poor health should improve.

New trips in 1901 and 1907 led to the Orient. The trip to Constantinople in 1901 was remarkable . From July 29, 1901, he stayed there as a guest at the court of Sultan Abdülhamid II. The Sultan offered his guest from Mecklenburg an extensive cultural program. After the 12-day stay, he returned to Mecklenburg by sea.

The Duke began his last great world tour with his second wife Elisabeth zu Stolberg-Roßla at the end of 1910. It led to Singapore , Siam , Dutch-India and Kiautschou in eastern China. The last destination of the Asia trip was Japan. The couple returned to Germany on the Trans-Siberian Railway in early 1911.

During his travels, the Duke made many friendships, including with the Thai King Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), whom he first met in Siam in 1883. In 1897 King Chulalongkorn visited the Duke in Schwerin on the occasion of his first major trip to Europe, and on the occasion of his second trip to Europe in 1907 from August 11 to 13 in Braunschweig, where the Duke had been regent since April 1907. A fourth and final meeting of the gentlemen took place in February 1910 in Bangkok, where the king had invited his friend and his young wife Elisabeth.

After the beginning of World War I, his travels had mainly a diplomatic and military background.

From all of these trips the Duke brought back art treasures that found their place in Wiligrad Castle and Braunschweig Castle . The Duke's collection was of great cultural and historical value.

Ethnographic collections

The Duke's ethnographic collections were very extensive and some of them were made available to the public in Wiligrad Castle. In today's ethnological collection in Göttingen there are numerous exhibits from his colonial Indonesia collection. Most of the souvenirs from his last trip in 1910/1911 with his wife Elisabeth are in the Braunschweig City Museum and are very well documented in the inventory catalog.

In his function as President of the German Colonial Society, he supported the Africa Expeditions (1910/11) of his half-brother, Duke Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg , who was later appointed governor of Togo . In 1912 Johann Albrecht opened the exhibition for the second Central African expedition in the Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg . The exhibition comprised over 4000 exhibits.

Tomb of Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg

Tomb of Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg († 1920) and his first wife Elisabeth Princess of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach († 1908)

The tomb in the Doberan Minster was planned and built by building officer Ludwig Winter from Braunschweig in the period 1900–1911 in close coordination with the wishes of Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg. The canopy-like superstructure and the sarcophagus were designed based on Byzantine- Ravenna art forms.

Consisting Untersberger marble made ciborium rests on jewelry fully textured Verde Antico columns which with ornamental and so byzantinisch stylized capitals and fighter attachments are fitted. The capitals and the bases of the columns are made of a reddish variety of Veronese marble . Small pairs of columns which structure the crowning lanterns of the superstructure are made of Campan-Vert marble . A gold-plated cross crowns the smaller of the two octagonal lanterns.

The pillars that support the superstructure and the sarcophagus rest on a two-tier pedestal made of gray-blue Norwegian “Labrador” . Depending on the perspective on the surface of the base, it appears in a different color, which is also referred to as an iridescent play of colors. Overall, the structure of the tomb follows the Byzantine style , which is intended to express the Duke's admiration for oriental architecture. The course of the round arches is decorated with surface ornament in combination with floral ornamentation .

Glass mosaics and decorations

In the tympanum of the gable and vaulted gusset there are glass mosaics as surface decorations. An oil painting created by Ernst Koerner served as a template for the glass mosaics in the gable fields, in which the Christ monogram and the Christ head can be found . There are mosaics in geometric patterns in the ciborium vaults. The striking color contrast between the blue and the gold is remarkable. The material used for the mosaics is partly gold-plated. The cornice is also decorated with ornamental mosaic bands.

A consecration crown decorated with semi-precious stones is suspended above the sarcophagus from Botticino . The gemstones used for production came from the personal collection of Duke Johann Albrecht.

Flanking the gable triangles, Greif and Brunswick Lion rest on the beams of the corner pillars. It shows the Greek-antique expression with the symbolic power of the figurative representation, which forms a stylistic contrast to the Byzantine designed elements.

sarcophagus

The sarcophagus was made of Lombard Botticino limestone . Its style is comparable to the sarcophagi of the Sant'Apollinare in Classe in the crypt . On the gables and the sides, the sarcophagus is structured by round-arched ornamental fields with coats of arms, which are in turn flanked by columns. In the decorative fields you can find the Mecklenburg heraldic animals, the diamond shield with Thuringian lions as the coat of arms of the Saxon-Weimar house and the cross flanked by pigeons with the monogram of Christ . The pedestal, on the other hand, is adorned with the names of the deceased in Gothic uncial script .

The actual burial chamber is located below the sarcophagus.

Grave enclosure and grave door

The tomb is framed by wrought iron bars in which the coats of arms of Mecklenburg, Thuringia and Stollberg can be found. The grave door is also provided with a lock, which was adapted to a medieval key found in the ruins of the monastery church in Memleben . Duchess Elisabeth, her father , had bronze casts made of this ornate key and kept in the Wartburg Museum. Upper castle captain of the Wartburg Hans von Cranach gave Duke Johann Albrecht a copy. The key was lost in a break-in in the 1920s.

Memorial service and funeral

Funeral ceremony in the Doberan Minster

At the head of the funeral procession was the Doberan Military and Warrior Association. The grieving family members, relatives and friends followed the coffin. Among them were the Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV, Prince Kyrill of Bulgaria , his half-brother Prince Heinrich of the Netherlands , Duke Paul Friedrich , Prince Christian Ernst zu Stolberg-Wernigerode and Prince Christian von Stolberg-Rosla. They were followed by former Hussars , a delegation of the peacekeepers and the Brunswick Hussars. 17 and a delegation of the German Colonial Society. There were also numerous mourners from politics and business, such as the former Minister of State Adolf Langfeld and the Rostock Mayor Carl Heydemann .

The funeral procession stopped at the north portal of the Doberan Church and the eight former NCOs of the Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion carried the coffin into the church to the sound of the organ. The then Superintendent Kliefoth held the funeral service. The funeral service ended with the organ sounds from Franz Schubert's litany .

The guard of honor was held by former hunter officers and chief hunters of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion No. 14, which was dissolved in 1919. In the afternoon of the day, the funeral ceremony took place, at which Oberkirchenrat Heinrich Behm gave the memorial speech. The funeral ceremony ended with the singing of the Rostock Singing Academy. Eight NCOs then carried the coffin from the altar area to the burial chapel, where the duke was buried next to his first wife. It was the last burial within the Doberan Minster.

Awards

Orders and decorations

(Source: Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Handbook 1916.)

• Holder of the Grand Cross of the House Order of the Wendish Crown with the crown in ore and the order chain
• Order of the Griffin , Grand Cross
• Order of the black eagle with chain
• Order of the Red Eagle , Grand Cross
• Order of St. John , honorary commander of the legal knight
• House order of the diamond crown
• Order of Hubert
• House Order of Loyalty
• Order of the Württemberg Crown , Grand Cross (1892)
• Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig , Grand Cross
• Oldenburg House and Merit Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig , Grand Cross of Honor with chain
• House Order of the White Falcon , Grand Cross
• Duke of Saxony-Ernestine House Order , Grand Cross
• Order of Henry the Lion , Grand Cross
• Reussian Cross of Honor , 1st class
• Lippe House Order , 1st class
• Memorial medal Friedrich Franz II.
• Warrior Club Medal
• Event medal of the German-Bulgarian Alliance 1915

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• Order of St. Andrew the First Called
• Royal Order of Seraphines
• Elephant Order
• Order of the Dutch Lion , Grand Cross
• Order of the Redeemer , Grand Cross
• Order of the Crown of Romania , Grand Cross
• Order of St. Alexander , Grand Cross with chain
• Military Order of Merit (Bulgaria) , Grand Cross
• Order of the Tower and the Sword , Grand Cross
• Nişan-i İftihar
• Osmanje Order , 1st class
• Order of Chrysanthemums
• Order of the Rising Sun , Grand Cross
• Chakri order
• Order of the Crown of Thailand , 1st class
• Nishan el Iftikhar , Grand Cross
• Order of the Sun and Lion , Grand Cross
• Order of the Rising Star ( Emirate of Bukhara ), 1st class
• Order of the Shining Star ( Zanzibar ), 1st class
• Dutch wedding commemorative medal 1901
• Royal Romanian Jubilee Medal Charles I.
• Commemorative medal silver wedding crown prince couple (Sweden)

Honorary title

• In 1901 the Rostock University awarded him an honorary doctorate from all four faculties .
• On July 1, 1913 Duke Johann Albrecht became Mecklenburg and Regent of Brunswick the title of Honorary Doctor of Engineering of Duke's Institute of Technology Carolo Wilhelmina at Brunswick awarded

Fonts

• Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg: Diary sketches from South Asia. W. Sandmeyer Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1884.
• Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg (ed.): German sounds of war. 10 issues, KF Koehler, Leipzig 1915–1918 (Issue No. 1–8 digitized ).

Complementary

Steamship "Herzog Johann Albrecht"

In 1898 a steel screw steamship was named Duke Johann Albrecht in honor of the Duke Regent . The ship was built on behalf of the Wismar shipowner Heinrich Podeus (1863-1924) at the Neptun shipyard in Rostock . On May 17, 1898 Johann Albrecht visited the new ship and took part in a test drive. The ship was named Duke Johann Albrecht until 1929 . After the ship was sold to Riga, it was named Emmy .

Literature and Sources

literature

• Jürgen Borchert : Mecklenburg's Grand Dukes: 1815-1918. Demmler Verlag Schwerin 1992, ISBN 978-3-910150-14-0 .
• Günter Gloede: The Doberan Minster. History, building history, works of art. Evangelical Publishing House, Berlin 1960.
• Wolfgang Karge, blacksmith, Münch: The history of Mecklenburg. Hinstorff, Rostock 2000, ISBN 978-3-356-00527-1 .
• Bernd Kasten : Duke regent Johann Albrecht. Regent and politician . In: Bernd Kasten, Matthias Manke , René Wiese: The Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Hinstorff Verlag GmbH, Rostock 2015, ISBN 978-3-356-01986-5 , pp. 114–125.
• Markus Hörsch: Bad Doberaner Munster - interior. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2003, ISBN 978-3-7954-6443-1 .
• Werner Pade: Journey around the Mecklenburg globe. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2000, ISBN 978-3-929544-72-5 .
• Norman-Mathias Pingel: Johann Albrecht (Ernst Konstantin), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Regent of Braunschweig. In: Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (Hrsg.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Supplementary volume. Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1996, ISBN 3-926701-30-7 , p. 73 f .
• Gerhard Schildt : Mecklenburg, Johann Albrecht Duke of. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 19th and 20th centuries . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8 , p. 406 .
• Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon . II. Volume HO, Verlag von Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, p. 130 f ( digitized version ).

Unprinted sources

• State Main Archive Schwerin
  • Holdings: (5.12-7 / 1) No. 9569, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Affairs, Foundation for the Benefit of the Officer Corps of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion No. 14, running time : 1912.
  • Holdings: (5.12-7 / 1) No. 9398, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Affairs, Colonial Wedding Foundation in Wiligrad for the promotion of colonial purposes, duration: 1911–1946.
• Federal Archives
  • Stock: (N 253/24), Alfred von Tirpitz, State Secretary of the Reich Navy Office, correspondence with Duke Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg about Tsingtau, running time: 1910.
  • Holdings: (N 2225/182), estate of Joachim Graf von Pfeil, Johann Albrecht Herzog zu Mecklenburg, “Letter from a German with thoughts and plans for Germany's future”, running time: o. Date.
  • Holdings: (R 8023/655), German Colonial Association and German Colonial Society, correspondence with the President Johann Albrecht Herzog zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin, duration: 1900–1902.
  • Holdings: (N 1059/48), German Fatherland Party (DVP), u. a. Speeches by Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg, duration: 1917–1919.
• GStA PK
  • Holdings: (VI. HA, Nl Kapp, W.), family archives and bequests, Nl Wolfgang Kapp, Duke Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg as honorary chairman, duration: 1883–1922.

Printed sources

• Johann Albrecht “Regent of the Duchy of Braunschweig 1907/1913”: A commemorative sheet presented by the National Association for Homeland Security in the Duchy of Braunschweig

Web links

Commons : Johann Albrecht, Herzog zu Mecklenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Johann Albrecht in the catalog of the German National Library
• Literature about Johann Albrecht (Mecklenburg) in the state bibliography MV
• Newspaper article about Johann Albrecht in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kösener corps lists from 1798 to 1910, p. 48, 19. Borussia Bonn, 537. Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg
2. ↑ In memory of the death of His Highness the Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg on February 16, 1920 in Wiligrad. In: Devotions and speeches in Wiligrad and Doberan , Verlag Friedrich Bahn, Schwerin 1920, p. 23.
3. ↑ State Church Archives Schwerin, State Superintendentur Rostock, Specialia, Bad Doberan No. 109.
4. ^ Adolf Langfeld: My life. Memories of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Minister i. RD Dr. Adolf Langfeld. Bärensprungsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1930, p. 236 f.
5. ^ Ranking list of the Royal Prussian Army and the XIII. (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps for 1895. Mittler, Berlin 1895, p. 304.
6. ^ Ranking list of the Royal Prussian Army and the XIII. (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps for 1896. Mittler, Berlin 1896, p. 306.
7. ^ Grand Ducal Statistical Office (Ed.): Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalender 1913. Verlag der Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1913, p. 3 f.
8. ^ Grand Ducal Statistical Office (ed.): Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalender 1902 . Verlag der Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1902, p. 531.
9. ↑ Grand Ducal Statistical Office (ed.): Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalender 1905 . Verlag der Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1905, p. 231.
10. ^ Grand Ducal Statistical Office (ed.): Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1913 . Verlag der Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1913, p. 4.
11. ^ Gustav Hermann Meinecke: German colonial calendar for the year 1896: edited and published according to official sources. 8th year 1896, Adamant Media Corporation 2004.
12. ↑ Katharina Walgenbach: The white woman as a bearer of German culture, colonial discourses on gender, race and class in the empire. Campus Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-593-37870-1 , pp. 83-108, pp. 141-156.
13. ^ Golf Dornseif: Deportation and colonial economy in times of change.
14. ^ Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon. II. Volume HO. Verlag von Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, p. 131.
15. ^ Jan Böttger: The grave monument Johann Albrechts von Mecklenburg-Schwerin in the minster of Bad Doberan. In: Ulrich van der Heyden, Joachim Zeller (Ed.): Colonialism in this country - A search for traces in Germany. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-269-8 , pp. 305-308.
16. ^ Alf Rößner: Weimar, Wartburg, Windhoek - Carl Alexander's "warm heart" for colonial policy. In: Lothar Ehrlich, Justus H. Ulbricht (ed.): Carl Alexander von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach: Erbe, Patron and Politiker. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar 2004, ISBN 978-3-412-09203-0 , p. 63 f.
17. ^ A new city map for Lome. In: Deutsche Kolonialzeitung. No. 15, April 11, 1914. German Colonial Society, Berlin, p. 3.
18. ↑ Willy Scheel : Germany's colonies in eighty color photographic images. Publishing house for color photography Weller & Hüttich, Berlin 1912, p. 17.
19. ^ Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon. I. Volume AG. Verlag von Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, p. 678.
20. ^ The Reich Colonial Ministry was dissolved on November 7, 1919. The budget and staff were taken over by the Reich Ministry for Reconstruction , which was headed by Otto Gessler
21. ^ Otto Geßler: Obituary for Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg. In: Deutsches Kolonialblatt. February 23, 1920, ( digitized version ( memento of the original dated November 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ). 
22. ^ Walter Loeb's report on the conversation with Colonel Conger on the night of June 3rd to 4th, 1919 in Trier. See Schulze, Hagen [edit.]: The Scheidemann cabinet: February 13 to June 20, 1919. Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard am Rhein 1971, p. 415, p. 427.
23. ↑ Government Gazette No. 22, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, June 22, 1900, 1st Department, Ordinance No. 21. on the operation and supervision of salt mining.
24. ^ Grand Ducal Mecklenburg - Schwerin State Calendar 1900, p. 536.
25. ↑ Großherzoglich Mecklenburg - Schwerinscher Staatskalender 1900, p. 522, meeting of the directors of the higher educational institutions and consultations with the duke regent.
26. ↑ LHAS inventory: 05.12.07 / 01 No. 9369, the Wiligrad relief fund set up by Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg, running: 1912–1942.
27. ↑ LHAS inventory: 05.12.07 / 01 - Colonial marriage foundation in Wiligrad for the promotion of colonial purposes, 9398, duration: 1911–1946.
28. ↑ LHAS inventory: 05.12.07 / 01 - The foundation established by Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg, regent of the Duchy of Braunschweig, for the benefit of the officer corps of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Jäger Battalion No. 14, 9369, running in 1912.
29. ^ Fritz Fischer: Reach for World Power: The War Policy of Imperial Germany 1914/18. Droste, Düsseldorf 1971, p. 221.
30. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Duke Regent Johann Albrecht. Regent and politician. In: Bernd Kasten, Matthias Manke, René Wiese: The Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2015, p. 122.
31. ↑ BSB inventory: Speech by His Highness Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg and Grand Admiral von Tripitz from 24 Sep. 1917 in Berlin at the meeting of the German Fatherland Party. Page 3 f, 4H.un.app. 100 g-1/2.
32. ^ Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage: VI. HA, Nl Kapp, W., No. 562 Oct-Nov. 1917–1918 Correspondence between the executive board of the German Fatherland Party and Duke Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg on party matters.
33. ^ Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage: VI. HA, Nl Kapp, W., No. 589 Oct. 1917, purchase of the “Münchener Neuesten Nachrichten” as an organ of the Fatherland Party.
34. ↑ Nicolas Detering, Michael Fischer, Aibe-Marlene Gerdes: Popular war poetry in the First World War. Waxmann Verlag GmbH, Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-8309-7740-7 , p. 132 ff.
35. ^ Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Diary sketches from South Asia 1883. Herberger Verlag, Schwerin 1884.
36. ^ UBR holdings: Mecklenburgische Landesnachrichten (1878–1887), MK - 134 1880–1929, as microfilm: F 35, running time: 1887–1929.
37. ↑ Rudolf Bairl: On the 150th birthday of the Thai King Chulalongkorn statesman. Contemporary reports on the person.
38. ↑ Hamburg Colonial Institute (ed.): Yearbook of the Hamburg Scientific Institutions. Hamburg 1912, p. 42.
39. ^ The districts of Neubrandenburg, Rostock, Schwerin, handbook of German art monuments. (Ed.) German Academy of Sciences . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1968. p. 70.
40. ↑ ^{a b c d e} The tomb of Duke Johann Albrecht and his first wife Elisabeth, Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. In: Heinrich Schultz: Popular guide through the sight of the church in Bad Doberan. Albert Lück printing works, Bad Doberan 1935.
41. ^ Günter Gloede: The Doberaner Münster: history, building history, works of art. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1974, p. 235.
42. ^ Wilhelm Kühne: The church in Bad Doberan. A guide through its historical and religious monuments. Hinstorff, Rostock 1938, p. 24.
43. ^ Fabrizio Rossini (ed.): The marble in Verona . Verona 1987, pp. 32-42.
44. ^ Jan Böttger: The grave monument Johann Albrechts von Mecklenburg-Schwerin in the minster of Bad Doberan. In: Ulrich van der Heyden, Joachim Zeller (Ed.): Colonialism in this country - A search for traces in Germany. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-269-8 , pp. 305–308, (here: pp. 305 f.).
45. ^ Theodor Hugues, Ludwig Steiger, Johann Weber: Natural stone: types of rock, details, occurrence. Institute for International Architectural History GmbH, Munich 2002, p. 87.
46. ↑ Otto Titan von Heffner: Large general book of arms, The nobility of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume II. Verlag von Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1857.
47. ↑ Hamburg World Economic Archive: Hamburger Nachrichten No. 96 of February 23, 1920.
48. ^ In the meeting room of the upper church council of the north church at Münzstrasse 8 in Schwerin, one of the seven portraits is Johann Albrecht Regent 1897–1901, as honorary commander of the Order of St. John.
49. ↑ Court and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Württemberg 1907. P. 30.
50. ↑ Münzkabinett Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Prussian Cultural Heritage
51. ↑ Archive of the Technical University of Braunschweig: holdings B2, files from the honorary doctors, Dr.-Ing. Eh Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg, Regent of Braunschweig.

predecessor	Office	successor
Albert from Otto	Regent of Braunschweig 1907–1913	Ernst August III.