Wiligrad Castle
The Wiligrad Castle and its grounds, is situated on the steep banks of Lake Schwerin between Lübstorf and Bad Kleinen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .
history
Wiligrad Castle was built from 1896 to 1898 according to plans by Albrecht Haupt and on behalf of Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg and his wife Duchess Elisabeth . Duchess Elisabeth financed the construction and furnishings with the fortune inherited from her mother. The name Schloss Wiligrad was added to the castle built on the Zickhusen field in March 1898 . The castle remained in the ducal possession until 1945.
1896-1918
On the occasion of the imperial maneuver , which took place from September 3, 1904, the Empress and her entourage stayed at Wiligrad Castle. Kaiser Wilhelm II , on the other hand, resided in Schwerin Castle for the time of the maneuver . During the stay at Wiligrad Castle, the engagement of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia to Cecilie von Mecklenburg-Schwerin was announced.
During this time, Wiligrad was the place of important decisions and a popular meeting place. In addition to the visits of the emperor and the empress, the house chronicle of the castle also recorded numerous visits from the European and Asian royal houses. Not only the nobility stayed at Wiligrad Castle, statesmen, senators from the Hanseatic cities , artists and writers also visited the Duke at Wiligrad Castle. The castle was also the site of numerous celebrations, such as the Duchess's birthday on February 28, 1899. The buildings of the still young residence in Wiligrad were decorated with rich flags on this occasion.
As President of the German Colonial Society , the Duke often invited political decision-makers to Wiligrad. Johann Albrecht was an explicit supporter of the expansive colonial policy of Kaiser Wilhelm II . As chairman of the German Colonial Society, at the meeting of the Colonial Council on October 28, 1895, he expressed his understanding of the deliberations on the deportation of prisoners to South West Africa . The lady of the house was the honorary chairwoman of the German Women's Association of the Red Cross for the colonies at this time.
On June 1, 1907, the Duke received a delegation from the State Assembly of the Duchy of Braunschweig under the leadership of State Minister von Otto in Wiligrad Castle, in order to accept the election of regent of the Duchy of Braunschweig in a ceremonial declaration.
Duchess of Mecklenburg Elisabeth von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach died of severe kidney disease on July 10, 1908 at Wiligrad Castle.
On December 15, 1909, the Duke married again, with Princess Elisabeth zu Stolberg-Roßla , whose honeymoon led from Wiligrad Castle to East Asia.
In the period up to the November Revolution in 1918, Wiligrad Castle was still a place that welcomed guests from the high nobility of Europe. In 1915, the Bulgarian King Ferdinand I and his entourage were guests in Wiligrad.
On November 8, 1918, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV recognized the People's Government, supported by Social Democrats . On November 14, 1918, the Grand Duke declared his abdication , which ended the monarchy in Mecklenburg.
1918-1945
Duke Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg died on the afternoon of February 16, 1920 in the castle he had built in Wiligrad. As the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology wrote in an obituary in July 1921, his last days were clouded by pain and bitterness. He was buried in the family tomb in Doberan Minster at the side of his first wife.
From 1921 a museum was set up in the lower rooms of the castle. This featured exhibits that the Duke brought back from his world trips and trips to the German colonial areas. Regardless of its use as a museum, the ducal family continued to live in Wiligrad Castle.
From 1922, the Wiligrad Protestant Farmer's College was established on the castle grounds, in the former cavalier's house. First led by Cantor Schröder and then by youth pastor Gottfried Holtz . The First World War and its aftermath made it necessary to train young people in the agricultural professions. Later on, the school also trained women. Until 1932 the farmer's school was located in Wiligrad. In the 1930s, a hospice was set up in the building now known as the Waldhaus .
After Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV returned from exile in Denmark in 1919, he and his family lived in Wiligrad Castle in addition to the Gelbensande Hunting Lodge and Ludwigslust Castle. The last Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz Herzog of Mecklenburg grew up there . Even before the National Socialists came to power , he maintained contact with Heinrich Himmler and other figures in the NSDAP , of which he had been a party member since May 1931. In 1935 he was promoted to the rank of SS-Obersturmführer.
From 1942 onwards, Wiligrad Castle and its vaults were used to store archived material in order to protect it from the Allied bombing raids. A large part of the castle inventory was relocated until 1945.
On May 2, 1945, American and English troops reached Lübstorf and Wiligrad Castle. Since there were no acts of war, the castle and its surroundings remained undamaged. The ducal family had already fled to Schleswig-Holstein in April. Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV and his son Christian Ludwig visited Wiligrad Palace again in June 1945 after the area was not occupied by the Red Army. Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV and Major General Colin Muir Barber met to discuss a return of the ducal family.
Until the end of the war in 1945, Wiligrad Castle belonged to the abdicated Grand Duke and was administered by the Grand Ducal Asset Management based in Schwerin. In the same year, the ducal family was expropriated .
1945–1990
In 1945, with the end of the Second World War, the castle became the headquarters of the 15th Scottish Infantry Division under Major General Barber. Major General Barber and Major General Lyashchenko negotiated on June 20, 1945 on behalf of their commanders Montgomery and Rokossovsky over the border and the exchange of territory between the British and Soviet occupation zones. The Gadebusch Agreement that followed from the negotiations was signed on November 13, 1945 in Gadebusch in the "Golden Lion". After the handover of the territory, the palace building served the Red Army as a typhus hospital , while the farm buildings served as refugee accommodation.
In 1947 Wiligrad Castle became the location of the SED state party school , where up to 100 pupils received their training. The state delegate conferences of the SED also took place in the state party school August-Bebel . In this early phase of use, a fire broke out in the basement of the side wing, which broke out in the ice cellar. Police and internal party investigations followed.
In 1951, an allegedly Trotskyist group at the school was exposed, according to a report on alleged gang activity on November 6, 1951.
In January 1952, the Mecklenburg SED regional leadership discussed the transfer of the Wismar and Güstrow district party schools to the Wiligrad regional party school. However, these considerations became superfluous with the closure of the party school. Subsequently, the Wiligrad building complex was taken over by the barracked People's Police , then the People's Police of the Schwerin district , as a school and training facility. This also took place in connection with the creation and structuring of the GDR district administrations as a result of the dissolution of the state of Mecklenburg on July 25, 1952. Members of the 1st company of the transport police from Bad Kleinen also received their training in the Wiligrader School of the People's Police . In 1978 the restructuring took place with the creation of the advanced training facility of the District Office of the People's Police. During this period, two weapons and ammunition bunkers were built on the castle grounds, in which the weapons of the VP readiness were stored. The grounds and the premises were also used as a holiday camp for the children of the People's Police during the summer holidays. Use by the People's Police and the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR ended in October 1990 with reunification .
1990 – today
The State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Department State Archeology, has been located in the castle since 1991 .
In 2003, the management of the state palaces and gardens in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania building and property company took over the care and administration of the Wiligrad building ensemble. She organized the repair and maintenance measures and the gradual restoration of the original landscape park.
From 1992 to 2006, the existing ammunition bunkers were used to store exhibits from the stone collection of the former archaeological museum , which had previously been stored in Schwerin Castle. The bad storage led to mold infestation; the exhibits have been cleaned since 2011 and stored again in the central state depot. The people's police bunker built in the late 1970s was demolished in 2014. Most of the buildings built after 1945 have now been removed.
In January 2015, the new cast of the Welfen lion , also known as the Brunswick lion, found its place in front of the main entrance of the castle. The replica now replaces the original removed in 1950.
After a quarter of a century of standstill, the tower clock was put back into operation on November 29, 2016 . The clockwork with striking mechanism had previously been professionally restored.
The lock
Building description
The architectural design was carried out in close coordination with the client's wishes. In the architectural style of the Johann-Albrecht-style reminiscent of the Mecklenburg Renaissance, which relates to the regency of the Duke Johann Albrecht I refers.
External building structure
Wiligrad Castle is a two-wing complex with a stair tower in the wide corner of the courtyard. Similar systems - albeit with a courtyard angle of 90 ° - were built quite frequently in Germany during the Renaissance period.
The 135 ° spread only occurs in a two-wing system in Germany in the period of later historicism. The imperial Friedrichshof Palace in Kronberg / Taunus is probably the best-known example of a mansion with this unusual spread of wings.
With regard to its building structure, the Duke had the castle built according to the building principles of English mansions , hence the strict separation between the ruling wing and the economic wing. He is likely to have found models in the imperial Friedrichshof Palace and in the Palais Mendelssohn in Berlin-Grunewald . The architect of both villas was the imperial court architect Ernst von Ihne from Berlin.
Facade design
One of the characteristics of English mansions was the use of different architectural styles (elaborate facade design for the manor wing and a simpler facade design for the economic wing).
Terracotta style - on the rulership wing: Mecklenburg terracotta style, also known as Johann Albrecht terracotta style, only in use in Mecklenburg and only in the ducal castles or mansions of the ducal advisors, between 1550 and 1600.
Brick style - on the economic wing: Brick shell construction, brick renaissance in representative buildings of the bourgeoisie (town halls, trading houses), in use all over northern Germany, between Husum and Stralsund and between Flensburg and Salzwedel .
Almost the entire building ensemble was built in the highly representative neo-renaissance style.
Basic characteristics of the Renaissance architecture as they were realized at Wiligrad Castle:
- Transverse houses in the roof area (also called mid-height houses ), which are aligned against the main course of the saddle roof area.
- Structuring of the facades with distinctive, horizontal “stripes” ( friezes and cornice strips , as an imitation of beam structures running across the wall or to represent a clear division of floors).
- Structuring of the facades with distinctive, vertical “stripes” ( pilasters without and pilasters with foot and head part, as an imitation of vertical column arrangements in front of the building facade ).
- Arrangement of distinctive "stripes" on the building edges (corner pilasters) in order to particularly emphasize them.
- Striking facings for window reveals and walls .
- Particularly elaborate gable design on both the "terracotta wing" and the "brick wing" of the castle.
- However, the outer shape of the terracotta wing is lavishly designed with round arches along with fan rosettes and stone figures, whereas the very simple stepped gable or stepped gable shape of the Gothic style persists on the brick wing .
An important characteristic of the German or Nordic Renaissance compared to the Italian or French Renaissance from the period 1500 to 1650 was the choice of asymmetrical floor plans and facades. Wiligrad Castle was also planned and built as a German neo-renaissance building with a completely asymmetrical layout and facades.
Inner building structure of the main wing
Wiligrad Castle has a two-story hall in the center of the main wing with a built-in staircase.
In the center of the main wing is the two-storey stair hall, around which all other representative rooms of the house are arranged in a U-shape on the ground floor (common rooms, living rooms and the master's work and representation wing). The upper floor of the stairwell (also with a U-shaped arrangement of the other living rooms - such as bedrooms, dressing rooms, sanitary rooms) is accessed through a gallery, to which a representative staircase leads up from the ground floor. The respective room arrangement on the ground floor and first floor is shown in detail on the adjacent floor plans.
The gallery is not located within the ground floor area of the staircase hall and is not supported by wall brackets or supported by columns - as is the case with other villa buildings from the period of late historicism. The gallery was relocated to the outside, it runs on the ceiling beams of the ground floor rooms adjacent to the hall and can be seen in the hall cross-section as an outward step of the central room.
Such a construction method for two-storey, stately staircases was only used in the most complex villa and castle construction projects in the German Reich because of the enormous, proportionate construction costs for the staircase.
The ducal Wiligrad Castle had the highest historical staircase of its type (gallery corridors superimposed on the ceiling beams of the neighboring ground floor rooms) in the Wilhelmine Empire.
Structural features
The castle consists of the main building, intended for the lordship, and the sloping wing in which the utility rooms and guest rooms were located. Further buildings found their place in the surrounding forest.
The main building has an area of 909 m² , the side wing an area of 303 m². The pure construction costs amounted to 430,000 marks . The later master masons Franz and Friedrich Nieske were entrusted with the construction.
The facing bricks were supplied by the Grand Ducal Artificial Brickworks in Kläterberg for the new castle and the farm buildings.
The wings of the building and the farm buildings were mostly made of red brick . In addition to old motifs in the wall connection, there are also plastered blind niches , which were made in combination with figure medallions in terracotta; the coat of arms of Mecklenburg should also be noted here. Portraits of the ducal family can be seen in the terracotta medallions. Different colored brick facings were used in the side wing in order to work the diamond pattern into the facade as a decorative element.
A wide variety of styles can be found on the structure. The pilasters with beams and cornices are to be noted here. Window and door frames made of terracotta , which were sculpted from old fragments of historical buildings. The round cantilevered bay windows on the west side, which flank the gable, are remarkable .
Vegetable decorative elements in the form of acanthus ornament , leaf frieze and cartouches can also be found on the building . Shell fillings in the gable and crown are also part of the building's architecture.
A balcony resting on consoles is also located on the upper floor of the side wing, flanking the guest room on the east side, which is equipped with a stone balustrade .
The ornate access door on the gable side of the side wing is provided with ornate fittings and ornamental carvings. The Mecklenburg state coat of arms and the Saxon state coat of arms are applied to the door leaf, flanking the small, arched openings of the door. The Saxon coat of arms stands for the then landlady, Duchess Elisabeth, based on her origin from the house of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach .
The large tower, used as a water tower, is remarkable . In the large tower there is also the tower clock with the striking mechanism and its two bells. The towers are equipped with curved tower domes. The larger one, covered with copper, is crowned by a magnificent golden griffin . The smaller corner tower, covered with slate shingles, is crowned with a morning star .
The white main wing, the red brick side wing and the black roof symbolize the colors of the German Empire, founded in 1871 .
An expansive terrace behind the living area allows access to the garden. The stairs on the south and east sides should also be noted here, which, with their stone volute parapets that are planted, offer an ornate picture. In the center of the descending parapet, large stone vases, which are also planted, rest on a plinth on both sides.
Building history templates
For the construction of the new palace, the client and the architect took historical models that were mainly influenced by the Renaissance style.
Following the style of the early Renaissance , lush leaf friezes and rich acanthus ornamentation on all surfaces and parts of the building. Use of terracotta in door and window frames. Gable and crown in a round design, in which shell fillings can be found. In the summary based on the Italian Renaissance. The peculiarities in the stylistic expression in Mecklenburg stem from the transition phase of ornamentation to cartouche . Stylistic elements of the Flemish Renaissance can also be found, here the buildings of Cornelius Floris should be noted.
The interplay of these features shape the Johann Albrecht style , which significantly shaped the new palace in Wiligrad. The architect Haupt brought his experience from the renovation of the Basedow manor, also known as Basedow Castle , to the planning of the Wiligrad building. There, too, striking features are the gable coronations and the use of terracotta for windows and door frames, borrowed from the Johann Albrecht style of the 16th century. The contrast between the red of the facade elements and the terracotta gable elements and the white of the plastered surfaces is also remarkable, and the stepped gables are also worth mentioning.
These buildings served as templates:
- Castle to Gadebusch , built in the Johann Albrecht style, terracotta decorations in the form of frames and gable crowns.
- Fürstenhof zu Wismar , existing elements of the terracotta architecture on the building served as a template, in particular taking over the portal to the tower in terracotta.
- Basedow Castle , architect Haupt, style elements in the Johann Albrecht style, reconstruction of the manor house and reconstruction of the south wing of the manor house Basedow .
- Freyenstein Castle in Prignitz, tower architecture with a morning star as the spire, terracottas on the outer facade.
- Schwerin Palace , gable coronation, terracotta medallions of the old display facade from the 16th century, especially the garden front of the east wing.
Interior
Starting from the vestibule of the main house, one arrives at the central, two-story staircase hall. Access to the side wing with the utility rooms is also possible via the carved side door.
A special feature is the two-story hall, which was decorated with ornamental stucco on the ceiling . This is located in the main or manorial wing, from this area all representative rooms of the same can be accessed. The side walls are provided with high wood paneling, which was made of fine red wood of Indian origin. The coffered wooden ceiling , which was also made of fine wood, should also be noted here. The representative single-flight staircase with balustrade leads to the surrounding gallery, which is structured by pilasters and round arches. Under the stairs, flanked by the wooden pillars, there is a fireplace made of gray marble . A statue of a youth stood in a niche above the fireplace. The wooden fluted columns with Corinthian capitals also support the entablature of the stairs.
Next to the hall, to the east, is the dining room with cross vaults . The dining room leads to the former breakfast room and the Japanese tea room. The inlays with Asian vegetal and figurative representations that adorn the doors of the tea room are remarkable. In the vaulted dining room there was a buffet niche and a silver niche. The ornate sideboard had its place behind the silver niche.
The Duke's Great Cabinet was equipped with a wooden coffered ceiling , the stylistic imprint of which was based on the comparable ceiling elements in Güstrow Castle. Here you can also find rune ornaments worked into the panels . The large stone fireplace is also part of the ornate furnishings of the cabinet. From this room one could get into the library, the small cabinet and through a low wicket door into the two-story hall. The library had its famous model in the archbishop's palace at Strasbourg . In this there are still the glazed bookcases, which are arranged around the room.
Adjacent is the Duchess's writing room, also lined with wooden panels. On the walls there are oil paintings of personalities from contemporary German history. There was furniture made of fine woods in the room, and the tables with their marble toppers were remarkable. From this room one could get into the library as well as into the salon.
The salon is remarkable, with its panoramic window in the polygonal porch, which allows a direct view of the lake. The facility consists of brocade-covered furniture and high-quality wooden fittings. The portrait bust of Duchess Elisabeth von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach is worth mentioning ; it flanked the panorama window on the left. It was a commissioned work, created by the sculptor Joseph von Kopf .
When looking at the floors, the glazed floor panels are noticeable, stylistically reminiscent of old Spanish azulejos , which fit perfectly into the historicizing overall picture. In the other rooms, high-quality parquet flooring laid in a herringbone pattern is processed. This pattern offers an interesting light-dark contrast in the representative space.
A special part of Wiligrad Castle is the treasure and silver chamber - above the servants' room in the main building - which safely housed the ducal jewels. The jewels were stored in the upper vault, while the silverware of the house was kept in the lower chamber. The chambers were lined with sheet metal for fire protection .
The upper floor of the side wing was reserved for guests. In Marie von Bunsen's travel report , she visited Wiligrad Castle in August 1915, the furnishing of the guest rooms on the east side of the upper floor is described. This is how she describes the wall paneling, which was made of lemon wood and came from a Potsdam prince chamber from the 18th century. The furniture was brocade-covered furniture from the same period.
The main and side wings have different height ratios. These differences are compensated for by the platforms on the spiral staircase. The staircase surrounding the staircase is built in the style of the south German spiral staircase made of Weser sandstone. At the inner pillars of the spiral staircase are coats of arms with the gripping , the bull's head and the Saxon Rautenkranz suspended.
The business premises of the castle were in the basement, the basement and the ground floor of the side or business wing - but also in the basement of the main wing. There, below the writing room and the library , was the wine cellar with its two rooms. The narrow servants' staircase, which connected the representative rooms on the ground floor and the private rooms on the upper floor with the basement level, ended directly next to the wine cellar. The servants also had their premises next door. The castle kitchen was on the lower ground floor of the utility wing, the storage room for the ice cream was next to it in the deep cellar. The rooms of the steward had one arranged on the ground floor of the business wing. They were easy to reach from the courtyard - via the gable door of the utility wing. The building services rooms should also be mentioned, such as the pump room for the well that was dug in the basement.
On the courtyard side (towards the northeast) of the attic of the utility wing, further guest rooms were set up for guests of the house (or for their staff). On the park side (towards the southwest) was the apartment of the lady-in-waiting, consisting of the salon, the "cabinet", her bedroom, bathroom and cloakroom. So that the three main rooms could have a suitable ceiling height, the duke had the roof of the utility wing built over these three rooms with a fairly slight incline. In the area of the bathroom and cloakroom, the general roof pitch of the utility wing was implemented, which meant that dormer windows had to be installed there - as in the neighboring guest rooms for the service staff of the lordly visitors.
Mention should also be made of the large tower with its water reservoir, which secured the water supply to the castle and was used for fire protection in the event of a fire. The reservoir was filled from a well in the basement. The water was pumped into the tower's water reservoir using an electric pump. The water pressure resulting from gravity was always evenly present in the castle. Due to the installation of a water tank in the tower dome, this building could not be used for viewing purposes.
In the tower there is also a tower clock ( large clock ) with striking mechanism , which was built in 1897 in the large clock factory of FA Beyes in Heidelberg . The striking mechanism includes two bronze bells that announce the quarter hour and the full hour. The movement , which was originally operated by hand, has been operated electrically since its restoration.
Outbuildings
Like the main building, the farm buildings are built in the style of the North German brick renaissance. The stepped gable , which dates from the Gothic period, is particularly striking on these buildings .
The auxiliary buildings included the machine house, the stables , the adjacent stable building for the guests' horses and the carriage house opposite the stables. The ducal carriages were housed in the wagon house , and later the automobiles of the ducal fleet. Also worth mentioning are the Kavaliershaus , the residence of the castle employees and the nursery with its greenhouses.
The pure construction costs for the construction of the stables amounted to 84,000 marks with a space of 811 m². The construction of the machine house with an area of 112 m² cost 41,000 marks, including the chimney and the heating tunnel.
Stables
The two-wing stables with connecting structure, in a U-shaped floor plan, is a building in the style of the brick renaissance with a base made of hewn field stones. Here, too, there is the stepped gable from the Gothic period that is typical of the castle's farm buildings. Blend niches as decorative elements are also incorporated here. In addition to the stables, this building also housed a riding school. In the connecting building there were four rooms and two kitchens that belonged to the coachman's apartments. The car wash was set up in the courtyard. Opposite the Marstall the tool shed or the vehicle shed , also known as the Remise .
The wagons for Wiligrad Castle were provided by the grand ducal stables of Schwerin.
Cavalier House
The Kavaliershaus Wiligrad is a brick building combined with a half-timbered structure . Half-timbered buildings with plastered infills can be found on the upper and attic floors , while the plinth and the first floor are made of brick in a modern design. The bay windows on both sides of the building are made entirely of wood. The construction of the upper floor is reminiscent of Lower Saxony half-timbered buildings from the Renaissance period , especially since the Lower Saxony post construction with angular wood struts and fan rosettes attached to them as well as toothed cut strips can be found on the filler wood. The use of wooden curtain arched lintel parts on the half-timbered windows and the use of wooden gable triangles ( Artländer - Knaggen gable) also point to strong, structural inspiration from the Lower Saxony area. The architectural draft is attributed to the architect Ludwig Winter . The ducal secretary Johann Passow lived in the house with his wife and two daughters until the end of 1918. After 1920 this building is also known as the forest house.
In the spring of 2015, the architectural model of the Kavalierhaus, presumably made in 1868, was found.
Machine house
The machine house (boiler room on the north gable side) housed the high-pressure steam boilers for power generation, power generation (for the machine operation of the steam laundry) and for the central heating of the mansion wing (main house). The steam engines for power generation or for power generation and the direct current generator were in a separate room right next to the boiler room. Immediately above this, the accumulator system was stationed on the upper floor - a roof ridge with ventilation lamellas is still located on the roof ridge of this room. The machine attendant lived in the head building on the upper floor. The laundry operated by steam power until the final overland power connection from Wiligrad (late 1920s) was an example of the modern infrastructure of the castle at the time. The chimney head of the 25-meter-high chimney of the engine house , which was visible from afar, was noteworthy, with high arched openings , plastered blind niches and toothed frieze . Adorned all around with terracotta decorations, the Brunswick lion , the depiction of a griffin and other figurative representations were found there. The chimney was built by the engineering office for factory chimney construction HR Heinicke from Berlin. The machine house was connected directly to the main building via a tunnel, in which the steam pipes for the heating system were laid.
Pump house by the lake
The pump house, located on the lake, is built in a neo-Romanesque style . Below the main cornice there are round-arched blind niches , which are divided by pilasters . The pilasters are reminiscent of Romanesque columns with cube capitals . At the corners of the building there are square corner pilaster strips . From here the water supply for the palace garden and the nursery took place. Also, the fire had a while Castle-new building high priority, such as the installation sprinkler system proves. This was also fed from the pump house. The renovation was completed in 2003.
park
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The Wiligrad Castle Park near Lübstorf was counted among the three most beautiful parks in Mecklenburg around 1930. Designed and laid out as a landscape park, it was once known not only nationwide for its once widely praised double-row planted rhododendron groves . The large number of dendrological peculiarities planted, which was documented as a result of a survey on the occasion of the annual general meeting of the German Dendrological Society in 1930, impressively demonstrates the Duke's passion for collecting treasures.
Duke Johann Albrecht also played a major role in the planning of the park. So he consulted the Thuringian palace gardener of the Belvedere in Weimar , Arnim Sckell from the house of Sachsen-Weimar in Lübstorf, in order to communicate his instructions regarding the gardens and to discuss them. The Mecklenburgische Zeitung reported on this meeting in its daily edition of February 24, 1896 “ The palace gardener delivers the drawings for the palace garden to be laid out in Lübstorf from Her Highness the Duchess Johann Albrecht Heimat. ". The architect Alfred Haupt also took part in this meeting.
The forest park was designed in the period from 1896 to 1902 by Ludwig Winter and the local ducal forester Wilhelm Ahrens according to the wishes of the duke. The palace's terraces allow direct access to the garden and an excellent view of it. The arrangement of the elements in the forest park creates a coherent overall picture. Paths in the park do not have a clear geometric arrangement, but they adapt to their natural surroundings. The ornamental green areas surrounding the building allow a clear view of the castle. While climbing plants predominated on the walls of the castle, exotic trees were to be found in the immediate vicinity. These formed a deliberate contrast to the beech trees in the forest park. It should also be noted here that visual axes were kept free so that, among other things, a view of Lake Schwerin was made possible. One of these open lines of sight gives the imposing view from the salon window on the south side of Lake Schwerin with the island of Rethberg . The large salon window, embedded in the polygonal porch with the flanking high stilted arched windows, still offers this wonderful view today.
The ginkgo tree , the pyramid oak , the Caucasus spruce , the trumpet tree or the copper beech , to name just a few of the fine woody plants that occur, are remarkable . The rhododendrons flanking the castle pond are also to be noted. With their light purple color, they have an ornate appearance.
In the forest park with a total area of 209 ha there are various architectural elements, mainly from Italy. The palace and park complex remained in the possession of the grand ducal family until 1945.
By the end of 2014, after four years of construction, the park was returned to its original state. After the demolition of contaminated sites, such as the existing bunker system with a volume of more than 4000 m³, 5000 m of road construction, 13500 m³ of moving earth and the planting of 1000 rhododendrons and another 3000 tall trees and heisters, the visitor can now again undisturbed at a traffic-calmed Explore the place, park and castle.
Wiligrad baptismal font
Pastor Friederici zu Hohen Viecheln had the baptismal font, popularly known as Döpelstein , recovered from the Döpe around 1775 . After the salvage, the Döpelstein , to which a legend is linked about the violent baptism of the Slavic population , came into the possession of Hofrat Oluf Gerhard Tychsen , the rector of the Friedrich University of Bützow . The baptismal font was exhibited in the Bützow University Library on his instructions . At the end of the 19th century it was then in the private garden of the Bützow teacher and pomologist Oskar Glorius Stötzer. From there, Duke Johann Albrecht had them taken to the park in Wiligrad in 1898. The baptismal font has since formed the center of the fountain in front of the south terrace.
Elisabeth source
The Elisabeth spring, embedded in a brick niche, is located east of the castle, on the steep bank of the lake. The source bears the name of the Duchess of Mecklenburg who died in 1908.
Friedrich-Franz-Weg
The approximately 3 km long Friedrich-Franz-Weg, named after Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III , who died in 1897 , was laid out between 1896 and 1898. Starting at the obelisk in Lübstorf , this path leads through the forest park to the Wiligrad castle grounds. Also worth mentioning is the Kaisertreppe, which got its name after a visit by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1903. Starting from the Elisabeth source, the path continues along the edge of the steep bank to the Kaisertreppe, and the ferry pier can also be accessed via the Ahrensweg.
Sailing port with a steamboat dock
In the sailing harbor there were a few rowboats and the sailing yacht Cecilie . While the rowing boats were intended for the guests of the house, the ducal family made regular trips with their sailing yacht on Lake Schwerin. The stone pier that protected the marina from the waves is now hardly there.
Visitors were able to reach the park and the castle with the steamboats that operate on the Schweriner See . The Pribislaw , the Niklot and the Obotrit , a large paddle steamer , ran daily. On August 1, 1902, Kaiser Wilhelm II, who had previously visited Schwerin, also traveled to Wiligrad on the paddle steamer Obotrit to visit his friend and advisor, Duke Johann Albrecht.
In the 1920s there was also a ferry connection that ran from Schwerin via Wiligrad to Bad Kleinen.
Small works of art and memorial stones
Numerous memorial stones and works of art can be found in the park and along the paths.
- A marble vase resting on a large pedestal, two of which used to exist.
- The Sachsenstein , which was erected in memory of Hereditary Grand Duke Karl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach .
- A Roman memorial stone from Tusculum , on the former church path in the direction of Zickhusen, behind the Kavaliershaus .
- On a hill the Friedrich-Franz-Monument , in honor of Friedrich Franz III. was set up.
- Basewitzstein standing by the side road, erected there in honor of Count Carl von Bassewitz-Levetzow .
- In honor of Alexander von Bülow , the Bülow-Stein , dedicated to the Mecklenburg Minister of State, who was buried in the Marsov burial chapel .
- The Elisabeth Stone , erected in honor of the Duchess of Mecklenburg.
- The Friedrich-Franz-Stein , which was erected on the occasion of the inauguration of the Friedrich-Franz-Weg.
- The Romanesque baptismal font in front of the south terrace of the castle .
- Seepromenade, the stone for the steward Wilhelm Ahrens.
- Tre Fontane , an artificial confluence of three sources, on the way by the lake , which is also called by Both way .
- The Carl-Alexander-Wegstein , which was erected in memory of the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, is located south of the Marstall.
Others
The name Wiligrad
The name was given by the client. The Duke was inspired by a travelogue of the long-distance trader of Jewish origin Ibrahîm ibn Jakûb . From the travel report shows that around 965/967 of abodritische Samtherrscher Nakon lived in a big castle in the Arab text of Wili-degrees. It was very likely the Mecklenburg , even if the Slavic name of the castle has not been passed down.
In a deed of gift to Otto III. on September 10, 995, the "Michelenburg" appears, which also means "Great Castle". The description of the facility allows the conclusion that the Wîli-Grâd castle complex described by Ibrahîm ibn Jakûb is the same as that in Otto III's document, which was issued in connection with his campaign against the Mecklenburg Wends.
Brunswick lion
Duke Johann Albrecht reigned over the Duchy of Braunschweig from 1907 to 1913 . In 1914, in grateful memory of his reign, the Brunswick Lion was placed as a bronze cast on a square pyramidal pedestal in front of Wiligrad Castle. Facing the main portal, centered in the circular lawn, the statue made an imposing appearance. In the course of the use of the castle as a SED party school, the original statue was removed in 1950. Instead of the missing original, there is now a replica that was set up in autumn 2014.
Court 1908
Court society was structured as follows:
- Court Marshal : Cuno von Rantzau
- Lady of State: Helene von Bassewitz
- Lady-in-waiting : Pauline Countess von Wedel
- Steward : valet Johann Jacobs (who also carried out business activities)
- Castle attendant: Helene Harder
- Body coach: Johann Holst
- Lock machinist: Alwin Vetter
- Mouth cook: Paul Günther
- Gardener: Georg Spangenberg
Formerly the court belonging were the highly decorated steward Wilhelm Ahrens, after the Ahrensweg was named in the park, and the Upper Castle captain Dimitri von Vietinghoff .
The overview of the court shows how structured the immediate environment of the ducal couple was. Of course, the agricultural workers and court employees, who were indispensable for the castle economy, should not be left unmentioned. In this context, the Forsthof and the Zickhusen estate should also be mentioned.
Wiligrad railway station
The Mecklenburgische Zeitung of July 31, 1897 reported that, on the orders of the Duke, construction of the station building, later named Wiligrad station, began at the rail connection in Lübstorf. In addition to the reception hall and the waiting rooms for the Prince's guests, the Prince's Room was set up, which was reserved exclusively for the Duke's family. The building of the Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn is made of red brick and was provided with white niches all around . The upper floor, on the other hand, was designed in a half-timbered style with plastered infills that were whitewashed . As with the castle, the coloring of the building has been adapted to the German imperial colors.
In 1908, the station master Johann Oldenburg and the two point keepers Christian Kort and Wilhelm Tempe ensured that operations at the Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn station near the castle ran smoothly .
The name Wiligrad station was given in direct reference to the princely property. This designation remained until the end of the monarchy and the beginning of the Weimar Republic . Today the station bears the name of the community of Lübstorf .
The historic station building is now a listed building .
Zickhusen estate
The Dominalgut Zickhusen with its agricultural and forestry operations was also integrated into the economic structure of the Wiligrad castle administration . The 616.9 hectare estate and its operations were subject to the grand ducal property administration based in Schwerin until May 1945. The estate was managed by the Ehlers family, among others.
Friedrich Franz zu Mecklenburg and his younger brother Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg had turned to agricultural studies. During their stays at Wiligrad Castle, they worked temporarily in the operations of the Zickhusen estate in order to gain practical experience.
Duchess Elisabeth and the music
In 1904 the American composer Ernest Schelling visited the ducal family at Wiligrad Castle. Duchess Elisabeth valued Schelling's romantic pieces of music. During his stay, he composed the piece of music for piano Au Chateau de Wiligrad , which he dedicated to the Duchess of Mecklenburg.
Literature and Sources
literature
- Beatrix Dräger, Peter Frahm: Terracotta architecture of the Renaissance and historicism. The Johann Albrecht style. In: (Ed.): Kunstverein Wiligrad eV: Schloss Wiligrad history 2. Lübstorf 1998.
- Christian Molzen: Castles, manor houses, manor houses in Northwest Mecklenburg. NWM-Verlag, Grevesmühlen 2003, pp. 49-51.
- Dieter Pocher: Castles and mansions in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; art historical introduction. L - & - H-Verl, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-928119-90-7 , pp. 94-95.
- Albrecht Haupt: Architecture of the Wiligrad Castle in Mecklenburg. Reprint Gebrüder Jänicke, Wiesbaden 1903.
- Maren Ulbrich: Wiligrad Castle and the Mecklenburg terracotta architecture of the 19th century. Thesis. Greifswald 1992.
- Heidi Fischer: Wiligrad Castle. 1898-1998. Stock & Stein Verlag, Schwerin 1998.
- Neidhardt Krauß: On the way to castles, palaces and parks in Mecklenburg. Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1991, ISBN 3-356-00417-4 .
- Rolf Seiffert, Dietmar Braune: Wiligrad Castle. A dendrological tour. Verlag Thomas Helms, Schwerin 2010, ISBN 978-3-940207-51-7 .
- Dietmar Braune: The Wiligrad Castle Park - romantic garden art on the steep banks of Lake Schwerin. A park in the tension field of recent garden history. In: KulturERBE in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 9, Schwerin 2016, ISBN 978-3-935770-45-3 , pp. 49-64.
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin
- Holdings: (5.12-4 / 2) 16391, Ministry of Agriculture: Domains and Forests: Wiligrad Castle, duration: 1895–1912.
- Holdings: (5.12-7 / 1) 6877, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education: Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters, Castle Museums in Wiligrad and Ludwigslust, duration: 1921–1946.
- Holdings: (5.2-5) Grand Ducal Asset Management, running from 1919–1947.
- Inventory: (6.11-16) 4439, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: Site plan and floor plan of Wiligrad Castle, running time: 1947.
- Inventory: (6.11-19) 2071, Ministry of Social Affairs: Establishment of an old people's home in Wiligrad Castle, duration: 1946–1947.
-
Federal Archives
- Stock: R 8023, German Colonial Society: 1895–1920 President of the DKG, term: 1887–1936.
- Inventory: DO 1/11918, Ministry of the Interior: People's Police Schools, Schwerin (Wiligrad) 1963–1983, running time: 1963–1989.
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- As of January 3, January 1, 1420, Oberkirchenrat Schwerin Generalia old: Das Hospiz Wiligrad, duration: 1934–1947.
-
State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation
- Uli Franke, Christin Jordan, Petra Holtappel: General objective of monument preservation Wiligrad Castle Park. 1996. (Unpublished typescript)
- Nils-Holger Bartsch: Concept for the care, maintenance and development of the park tree population in Wiligrad Castle Park. 2010. (Unpublished typescript)
- Franziska Hartz, Friedrich-Wilhelm Garve: Conservation objectives - Wiligrad palace gardens. Term paper at the Technical University of Dresden 2007 (unpublished typescript)
Web links
- Literature about Wiligrad Castle in the state bibliography MV
- ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Wiligrad Castle at State Palaces and Gardens in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania )
- State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Individual evidence
- ^ Adolf Langfeld : My life. Memories of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Minister i. RD Dr. Adolf Langfeld. Bärensprungsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1930, p. 236.
- ↑ Communication of March 30, 1898. In: Government Gazette for the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin .
- ↑ Neue Annalen 1899. In: Großherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalender 1900. Schwerin 1900, p. 523.
- ^ Archive Central Office of the German Colonial Institute Hamburg, 0088330002, January 12, 1905.
- ^ Golf Dornseif: Deportation and colonial economy in times of change.
- ^ Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon. II. Volume HO. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, p. 130 f.
- ↑ The week. Volume 10, Issue 29, Verlag August Scherl, Berlin 1908.
- ^ Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon. II. Volume HO. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, p. 131.
- ↑ Excerpts from the diary (1915) of the ducal secretary Johannes Passow (1879–1969) about everyday life at the Wiligrad castle .
- ^ Report of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Association Years from July 1, 1919 to July 1, 1921, Volume 85.
- ^ Tomb of Duke Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg . In: muenster-doberan.de. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 5.12-7 / 1 No. 6877, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Affairs, Wiligrad Castle Museum.
- ^ Evelin Haase: The ethnographic collection of Duke Johann Albrechts. Publishing house Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim 2004.
- ^ Karl Schmaltz : Church history Mecklenburg. Volume 3. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1952, p. 481.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 5.12-7 / 1 No. 5809 a, Protestant farming colleges in Wiligrad and Friedrichsthal, running from 1921–1931.
- ↑ LKAS inventory: 03.01.01.01./1420, Oberkirchenrat Schwerin Generalia, Kirchenwesen und Kirchenregiment, Das Hospiz Wiligrad, duration: 1934–1947.
- ^ Karl Schmaltz: Church history Mecklenburg. Volume 3, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1952, p. 489.
- ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. (= Sources and studies from the state archives of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Volume 11). Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8378-4014-8 , p. 427 f.
- ↑ SS seniority list from December 1, 1936, ranks from Reichsführer SS to SS-Untersturmführer, SS-Personalhauptamt
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 05.12.04 / 03 No. 7787, securing part of the documents of the settlement office from enemy attacks by storage in Wiligrad Castle, duration: 1942–1945.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 12.3-1, Hofbauamt / Grand Ducal Asset Management, Wiligrad Castle.
- ^ Claus Dieter Steyer: Castles, parks and mansions in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2012, ISBN 978-3-89479-470-5 , p. 17.
- ^ Richard Erich The exchange of border areas in Lauenburg by the occupying powers in November 1945. In: Lauenburgische Heimat. No. 87, pp. 34-52.
- ^ Claus Dieter Steyer: Castles, parks and mansions in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2012, p. 18.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 10.34-1 SED state management Mecklenburg 1948–1952.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 10.34-1 party assets of the KPD / SED, determination of the cause of the fire in Eiskeller Wiligrad, state party school Wiligrad, 417, duration 1945-51.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 10.34-1, SED Landesleitung Mecklenburg, file 140, p. 3, p. 59.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 10.34-1 SED-Landesleitung Mecklenburg, 63.
- ↑ BArch inventory: 4.4.2 Ministry of the Interior, Organization Staff, District Directorates of the People's Police (BDVP), Schwerin.
- ↑ BArch inventory: 4.4.2 Ministry of the Interior, Organization Staff, District Directorates of the People's Police (BDVP), Schwerin.
- ↑ Landesarchäologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ( Memento of the original from July 7th, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 21, 2015.
- ↑ Final spurt around Wiligrad Castle Source: SVZ of March 11, 2014.
- ↑ Schimmel destroys archaeological treasures ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 21, 2015.
- ↑ Archaeological emergency depots are to be cleared Source: NDR 1 Radio M / V, accessed on October 21, 2015.
- ↑ www.burgerbe.de Wiligrad Castle, the Welf Lion is back, accessed on December 23, 2015.
- ↑ The "new" clock for Wiligrad Castle. (No longer available online.) In: ARD-Mediathek. November 26, 2016, archived from the original on March 8, 2017 ; accessed on March 7, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Albrecht Haupt: Architecture of the Wiligrad Castle in Mecklenburg. Wiesbaden 1903, p. 10.
- ↑ Ground floor plan: 10 m × 10 m; Upper floor floor plan: 12 m × 15 m, height of the staircase hall approx. 12.5 m
- ^ Albrecht Haupt: Architecture of the Wiligrad Castle in Mecklenburg. Wiesbaden 1903, p. 20.
- ^ Tonindustrie-Zeitung and Keramische Rundschau . Volume 30th year 1906, No. 88, p. 1415.
- ^ Albrecht Haupt: Architecture of the Wiligrad Castle in Mecklenburg. Wiesbaden 1903, p. 11.
- ↑ Reconstruction of the south wing of the manor house Basedow of the von Hahn family after a fire in the 18th century by the architect Albrecht Haupt.
- ↑ Marie Schabow: The facade design of the Basedow manor after the redesign by Karl Albrecht Haupt. Bachelor thesis 2012, ISBN 978-3-656-32895-7 .
- ^ Albrecht Haupt: Architecture of the Wiligrad Castle in Mecklenburg. Wiesbaden 1903, p. 12.
- ↑ Main State Archive Stuttgart Holdings: Q 2/14, estate of Josef Kopf, sculptor, letters from the House of Mecklenburg about desired sculptures.
- ^ Marie von Bunsen: In a rowing boat through Germany, on rivers and canals in the years 1905 to 1915. Salzwasser Verlag, Paderborn 2012.
- ↑ Cost overview. In: Albrecht Haupt: Architecture of the Wiligrad Castle in Mecklenburg. Wiesbaden 1903, p. 20.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: October 6 - provision of wagons for the court of Duke Johann Albrecht, 1023, duration: 1901–1919.
- ↑ Werner Mett: Attic Find: Wiligrad's architectural history in view. In: svz.de, accessed on February 11, 2017.
- ↑ Catalog of the German Army, Navy, etc. Colonial exhibition. Berlin 1907, p. 51.
- ^ Friedrich Kurt Alexander Graf von Schwerin: Annual meeting in Schwerin i. M. with excursions from June 21 to 30, 1930. In: Communications of the German Dendrological Society. Volume 42, pp. 439-497.
- ↑ Dietmar Braune: The Wiligrad Castle Park. 2016, p. 49.
- ^ Mecklenburgische Zeitung. February 24, 1896, UB Rostock Mk-121, F-18, term: 1848–1941.
- ^ Rolf Seiffert, Dietmar Braune: Wiligrad Castle Park: A dendrological tour. Brochure, Schwerin 2010.
- ↑ Minister of Finance opens Wiligrad Castle Park to the public. accessed on October 21, 2015.
- ^ Ditmar Braune: The Wiligrad Castle Park. 2016, p. 62.
- ↑ The font from the Döpe near Hohen-Vicheln. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 2 (1837), pp. 115-119.
- ↑ Peter Ettel : The Slavic princely castle of Dobin. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the campaigns of the 12th century. In: Château Gaillard: Studies on medieval fortification and settlement research. Publications du CRAHM, Caen 2000, ISBN 2-902685-09-2 , p. 69, p. 70 (note no.5 ).
- ↑ The font from the Döpe near Hohen-Vicheln. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 2 (1837), p. 115 (digitized version)
- ↑ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rhena, Gadebusch and Schwerin. II. Volume. Bärensprungsche Hofbuchdruckerei Schwerin 1898, p. 338.
- ↑ Tom Clauss: Ventschow and Kleekamp 777th anniversary celebration. BoD, Norderstedt 2012, p. 1849 ff.
- ↑ Peter Ettel : The Slavic princely castle of Dobin. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the campaigns of the 12th century. In: Château Gaillard: Studies on medieval fortification and settlement research. Publications du CRAHM, Caen 2000, p. 70 (note no.5).
- ↑ Today Werderstrasse, between the castle and the stables.
- ↑ Georg Jacob : Arab reports from envoys to Germanic royal courts from the 9th and 10th centuries. In: V. v. Geramb, L. Mackensen: Sources for German folklore. Volume 1. de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig 1927, pp. 11–12 (PDF) ; to Wolfgang H. Fritze : problems of abodritischen tribal and national constitution and its development from the tribal government to rule the state. In: Herbert Ludat (ed.): Settlement and constitution of the Slavs between the Elbe, Saale and Oder. W. Schmitz, Giessen 1960, p. 158.
- ↑ Caspar Ehlers: The integration of Saxony in the Franconian Empire (= publications of the Max Planck Institute for History. Volume 231), p. 484.
- ↑ Friedrich Wigger: Report of Ibrahîm ibn Jakûb about the Slavs from the year 973. In: Year books of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Antiquity. Volume 45, pp. 11-13.
- ^ Grand Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1908. Grand Ducal Statistical Office 1908.
- ^ Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Court of Duke-Regent Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg. In: Grand Ducal Statistical Office (Ed.): Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalender 1899. Verlag der Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1899.
- ^ Mecklenburgische Zeitung. July 31, 1897, Rostock University Library, Mk-121, F-18, 1848–1941.
- ↑ LHAS inventory: 5.12–3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior, rural community Zickhusen-Wiligrad, duration 1871–1940.
- ^ Ernest Schelling: Au Chateau de Wiligrad. Played by Mary Louise Boehm (1924–2002). Retrieved March 6, 2017.
Coordinates: 53 ° 44 '22 " N , 11 ° 26' 6.4" E