Wedel (noble family)
Wedel , partly Wedell , is the name of a north German noble family that settled in the Duchy of Pomerania and in Neumark in Brandenburg in the 14th century , where it became more important. Both regions remained the focus of the family's possession until 1945, but individual branches also found their way to other German regions as well as Denmark and Norway.
history
From Stormarn to Pomerania
The family, who came from Wedel in Stormarn in the north of the Elbe and was first mentioned there in 1212, traces their descent to a Heinrich named in 1149 , Vogt of the Neumünster Monastery . A Hasso Wedele and his sons appeared from around 1240 east of Stargard in Pomerania, where they were initially castle men . It is possible that they were already settled in the region between Kremzow and Petznick as feudal recipients, which the Bishop of Cammin had given to Duke Barnim I of Pomerania since 1248 . The center of the property development was the Kremzow Castle they built , which was owned by the family after 1300 at the latest. There were temporarily four manorial residences of different branches of the family, including two castles. In the 18th century the property came into one hand and a large castle was built, which remained ancestral seat of the family until the 20th century. Early Wedel castles in Pomerania were also Reetz and Kürtow (later in the Arnswalde district ).
Spread in the Neumark and Pomerania
After the Pomeranian Duke Barnim was sentenced in 1271 to grant the Order of St. John pledged property in the city of Stargard and the castles of Reetz and Kürtow, the Wedel family entered the service of the Margrave of Brandenburg , Otto IV at that time , and Ludolf von Wedel became his maid . The family then came to the Brandenburg town of Neumark , the marchia transoderana , through military service for the Ascanian margrave house , and in the following generations through purchase and lending to larger property. The focus was the region around Kürtow and Neuwedell and further east the terrae Falkenburg , Böthin and Tütz . Members of the family founded the towns of Falkenburg , Märkisch-Friedland and Neuwedell in the first decades of the 14th century (the castle there was built by seven brothers in 1313 on the eastern tip of the Düpsee peninsula, as a replacement for Altenwedell Castle, 20 km further west ) .
Neuwedell Castle around 1652
Neuwedell ruins today
Tütz Castle , West Prussia (owned by the family 1338–1739)
Schivelbein Castle
Also of importance was the Schivelbein lordship acquired by Wedego von Wedel in 1319 , which had passed from Pomerania to Brandenburg half a century earlier, but was surrounded on three sides by Pomeranian territory. In the Neumark, the property was soon significantly expanded: 1350 Henning acquired von Wedel Nörenberg (where the frond remained resident until the mid-17th century) and in 1369 arrived, composed of Neumärker bailiff (II) Hasso von Wedel-Uchtenhagen the city Reetz at the Wedels (where they remained city lords until 1810). The brothers Ludwig and Hasso von Wedel built a castle in Nörenberg from 1372. At least temporarily in the 14th century, terrae Kallies and Berstein were also owned by the family , the Neumark towns of Fürstenfelde , Deutsch Krone , Küstrin , (half) Oderberg (with the Oderberg fortress ), Schildberg , Schloppe and each with a permanent house Usch , pledged tax revenues from other cities, the castles Hochzeit , Berneuchen and Zantoch , about 100 villages and larger forest areas to the right of the nets.
In the 14th century, the fronds also came into possession in neighboring areas of Pomerania. In addition to the estates around the castle Kremzow in the later district of Pyritz , property around the castles Uchtenhagen , Mellen and von den Wedel - possibly with the preparatory participation of von Uchtenhagen - appeared in the subsequent districts of Saatzig and Regenwalde City of Freienwalde . The Pomeranian cities of Treptow and Plathe were temporarily in the hands of family members as early as the 13th century , and in the 14th century there were also Bahn , Bublitz , Dramburg , Pollnow , Polzin and Schlawe .
In the 14th century the Wedel had vassals and their own armed forces, which appeared around 1332 in the battle of the Kremmer Damm as the "turba Wedelorum". In 1388 they were still able to commit themselves to the Teutonic Order, regardless of sovereign consent, to keep 100 knights, 100 riflemen and 400 horses plus accompanying staff ready for 15 years on request. Heinrich writes: “The Wedel and their clientele ruled the endangered Neumark almost without restriction”, and interprets the situation as a variant of estate self-government. Rymar speaks of the "state within the state". For Gahlbeck, one of the main achievements of Wedel was to have made the Neumark into an "island of peace" during the seven-year internal war between the Wittelsbachers and the followers of the False Woldemar between 1348 and 1355.
As early as 1378, however, the chronicler Janko von Czarnikau reported that the Wedel area, which he named as a separate area alongside the Mark Brandenburg and the Duchy of Stettin, was in a state of unheard of devastation due to ongoing wars. Not only the wars, but also the relatively advanced administrative expansion of the margraves in the 14th century was not conducive to the stabilization of a separate territorial rule. In addition, there was a conflict with the margraves from the mid-1360s, which had ignited the appointment of foreigners as bailiffs of the Neumark and led to the Wedel being blocked from access to court offices and administrative posts in Brandenburg for a long time.
In 1374, according to Charles IV's land register , her New Mark land holdings were essentially still there. In 1479 Neuwedell came to Pomerania from the Teutonic Order. After the Pomeranian ducal family of the Griffins died out, Western Pomerania, and with it Neuwedell, fell to the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1637. Parts of the goods complexes around Falkenburg (until around 1500), Märkisch-Friedland (until around 1600), Tütz (which passed from Brandenburg to Poland in 1368 and belonged to the Polish line Tuczyński de Wedel until 1739) remained in the family's hands until modern times stand), Nörenberg (until around 1750) and Reetz (until 1810). In Neuwedell and Freienwalde the Wedel operated castle courts until the 19th century, which decided in the second instance. The Neumark was given to the Teutonic Knights Order in 1402 , parts of it were destroyed by Hussites in 1433 , and in 1454 it was pledged and finally returned to Brandenburg ( ruled by the Hohenzollern since 1415 ) in 1463 .
Until the flight and expulsion in 1945 , the Neuwedell (Großgut) and Gerzlow (today: Jarosławsko ) estates in Neumark and in Pomerania Kremzow were still in family ownership, albeit to a lesser extent and Fürstensee as well as - in the form of the goods Braunsforth, Kannenberg, Schwerin , Silligsdorf and Vehlingsdorf - parts of the old estates around Freienwalde, Uchtenhagen and Mellen. Family members also owned the Emmasthal , Lassehne, Pumptow and Zülzefitz estates in Pomerania and Pinnow, Rehfeld and Zettitz in Neumark until 1945 . In 1889 the Pomeranian Dragoon Regiment No. 11 was named after the family.
Since the middle of the 17th century, the Wedel had acquired or inherited property outside of Neumark and (Hinter-) Pomerania, first in Uckermark, in Swedish-Finland, Denmark, Danish-Norway and East Friesland, in the 18th century in Central Germany and East Prussia and later in Western Pomerania, Silesia, the Baltic States and Lusatia. Althof, Eszerischken and Katzborn in East Prussia, Wiesenau in today's Estonia, Malchow and Göritz in the Uckermark and Piesdorf in the former Saalkreis are mentioned.
Counts Wedell-Wedellsborg and Wedel-Jarlsberg
To this day, the Wedell-Wedellsborg branch of the Danish family owns the Güterkoplex Wedellsborg , which came through marriage to Wilhelm Friedrich von Wedel (1640–93), a son of Major General Jürgen Ernst von Wedel , Lord of the Mirror and Butow near Reetz in the Neumark who was in Swedish service as major general and represented Queen Christina as envoy at the Brandenburg court. Wilhelm Friedrich went to Denmark in 1662 and married Christiane Sophie Sehested, the heir to the Danish statesman Hannibal Sehested and his wife Christiane (a daughter of King Christian IV ). In 1666 Wedel came into possession of the goods Iversnæs (henceforth called Wedellsborg) and Tybrind on the island of Funen (in Husby Sogn ). In 1665 he had already acquired the Rugård and Søndergårde estates (which later left the family again). In 1672 he became a Danish liege count . In 1950 the extensive Frijsenborg estate was inherited , so that Count Bendt Wedell-Wedellsborg today holds the second largest property in Denmark with over 10,000 hectares. The Barons Wedell-Neergaard have owned the Svenstrup estate in Borup Sogn, inherited from the Neergaard family, since 1893 .
Wilhelm Friedrich's younger brother Gustav Wilhelm von Wedel made it to the general in changing services, entered Danish service in 1678 and became commanding field marshal in Norway. He sold his Brandenburg goods and in 1683 acquired the Jarlsberg estate in Norway, which is still owned by the Count's Wedel-Jarlsberg branch. Also owned by descendants of the Wedel-Jarlsberg line is East Frisian Gödens , which came to Count Wedel in 1746 through the marriage of Erhard Friedrich von Wedel-Jarlsberg to Baroness Maria von Frydag . The East Frisian glory Loga, with the houses Evenburg and Philippsburg , which was owned by the family at the end of the 17th century, also remained in the family until the 20th century. The owner of the Majorate Gödens had a hereditary seat in the Prussian manor house since 1867 . The von Wedel family as a whole also had a right of presentation to the Prussian manor house since 1854 .
Jarlsberg Castle , Norway
Frijsenborg Castle , Denmark
Gödens Castle , East Frisia
The family lost 72 members in the Prussian wars between 1740 and 1763 and had 47 war dead and murdered during and after the Second World War , including 27 dead.
78 family members joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) , 35 of them before the seizure of power .
Ranks
Christian Friedrich von Wedel on Mantere in Finland, from Neumark, was introduced in 1672 under the number 803 to the nobility class of the Swedish knighthood . In the same year Friedrich Wilhelm von Wedel, also from New Marks, became Danish liege Count Wedell af Wedellborg in Primogenitur with the title of baron for the other descendants. The same distinction was made, at least under Danish law, with his brother Gustav Wilhelm , who had acquired the Norwegian county of Jarlsberg and became a Danish count in 1684 under the name Wedel-Jarlsberg. One of his descendants, the Prussian general and diplomat Karl Graf von Wedel (1842-1919), who from 1907 to 1914 imperial governor in Alsace-Lorraine was awarded the Prussian 1914 title of prince .
Presentation right to the Prussian manor house
In 1855, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV granted the family the right to present themselves to the Prussian mansion . The family was one of the ten families who received this right in the initial phase of the manor house in 1854/1855.
At the presentation of the Association of the Pomeranian Castle Seated Family von Wedel sat in the manor house:
- 1856–1866: Wilhelm von Wedell (* 1801; † 1866), senior president a. D.
- 1866–1885: Hermann von Wedel (* 1808; † 1885), retired district administrator D.
- 1885–1915: Wilhelm von Wedel-Piesdorf (* 1837; † 1915), Minister of the Royal House
Family coat of arms
Blazon : Shield : "In gold a black eight-spoked Richtrad 16 bogigen blades." Crest "on the gold-black bewulsteten ( pot -) helmet with black and gold ceiling a blond man's torso in black and red split doublet and just such a broad-brimmed hat with a gold-black hat cord and belt, both with a central loop. "
family members
- Albert von Wedel (1793–1866), Prussian district administrator for the Angermünde district
- Alfred von Wedel (1833–1890), Hanoverian castle captain
- Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg (* 1947), Danish sinologist
- Anton Franz Graf von Wedel (1707–1788), Prussian secret war council
- Bernd von Wedel (1893–1959), Stahlhelmführer
- Bodo von Wedel (1891–1969), Reichsbank director
- Botho von Wedel (1862–1943), German diplomat
- Busso von Wedell (1804–1874), Prussian District President
- Carl Graf von Wedel (1790–1853), Landdrost, Hanoverian Minister
- Carl Georg Friedrich Gerhard von Wedel (1827–1898), hereditary member of the Prussian manor house
- Carl Heinrich von Wedel (1712–1782), Prussian lieutenant general and minister of war
- Charlotte Wedell-Wedellsborg (1862–1953), Danish mathematician
- Charlotte von Wedel (1891–1972), German writer, s. Charlotte von Gwinner
- Christian Baron Wedell-Neergaard (* 1956), Danish landowner, member of the Danish Parliament for the Conservative People's Party 2004/07
- Christine Christ-von Wedel (* 1948), German-Swiss historian
- Christoph von Wedel (1584–1672), District Administrator in Western Pomerania
- Christoph Heinrich von Wedel (1710–1772), President of the Halberstadt War and Domain Chamber
- Clemens Graf von Wedel-Gödens (1866–1945), Prussian district administrator for the districts of Leer and Hanover
- Diether von Wedel (1910–1983), personal adjutant to the Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
- Elisabeth von Wedel (1916–2009), Managing Director of the German Parliamentary Society , s. Elisabeth von Werthern
- Emil von Wedel (1886–1970), German electrical engineer
- Erhard von Wedel (1861–1931), member of the Prussian manor house
- Erhard Graf von Wedel (1879–1955), diplomat
- Erhard von Wedel-Friis (1710–1786), Danish lieutenant general and diplomat
- Erhard Friedrich von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1668–1740), Danish general, commanding general in Norway
- Erhard Gustav von Wedel (1756–1813), Prussian, Dutch and finally French major general
- Erich Rüdiger von Wedel (1892–1954), German fighter pilot in the First World War
- Ernst von Wedel (1825–1896), farmer and member of the Prussian manor house
- Ernst von Wedel (1838–1913), head stable master of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
- Ernst von Wedel (1844–1910), landowner and member of the Prussian manor house
- Ernst Sigismund von Wedell (1704–1758), Prussian major and commander of a grenadier battalion
- Ewald Joachim von Wedel (1676–1750), President of the Stettin Court Court
- Ferdinand Wedel-Jarlsberg (1781–1857), Norwegian army reformer
- Friedrich von Wedell-Malchow (1823–1890), member of the Reichstag
- Friedrich Anton von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1694–1738), Danish major general
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Wedel (1798–1872), Lieutenant General of Oldenburg and Minister of War
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Wedel (State Director) (1709–1763), Prussian State Director of the Uckermark
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1724–1790), Danish governor and writer
- Fritz Wedel Jarlsberg (1855–1942), Norwegian diplomat
- Georg von Wedell (1820–1894), Prussian lieutenant general
- Georg Clemens August von Wedel , President of the East Frisian Landscape (1779–1788)
- Georg Ernst von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1666–1717), Danish governor
- Georg Vivellence von Wedel (1710–1745), Prussian lieutenant colonel and knight of the order Pour le Mérite
- Gottlob Heinrich Magnus von Wedel (1769–1831), Prussian district administrator of the Saalkreis
- Gottlob Magnus Leopold Graf von Wedel (1747–1700), Prussian Landjägermeister in Silesia
- Gottlob Wilhelm Heinrich von Wedel (1774–1813), President of the Halberstadt War and Domain Chamber
- Gustav Otto Heinrich von Wedel (1826–1891), Prussian major general
- Gustav Wilhelm von Wedel (1641–1717), Danish General Field Marshal
- Hans von Wedel (Jan Wedelski, Hans von Wedel-Neuwedell, 15th century), District Administrator von Walcz and Draheim, 1444 to 1454 envoy of the Teutonic Order to the Polish King Casimir IV Jagiełło .
- Hans von Wedel-Schivelbein († 1391), Vogt of Neumark
- Hans Otto von Wedel (1861–1929), Prussian major general
- Hasso von Wedel (* 1943), German audiologist
- Hasso von Wedel (1859–1935), Prussian lieutenant general
- Hasso von Wedel (1898–1961), German major general, head of Wehrmacht propaganda
- Hasso Otto von Wedel (1863–1940), German major general
- Hasso von Wedel-Falkenburg († 1378), court master of the Mark Brandenburg and Lausitz
- Hasso von Wedel-Polzin († 1353), Vogt in the Neumark
- Hasso von Wedel-Schivelbein († 1352/54), Vogt of Neumark
- Hasso (I) von Wedel-Uchtenhagen († 1364), Vogt of Neumark
- Hasso (II) von Wedel-Uchtenhagen (around 1370), Vogt of Neumark
- Hedda von Wedel , b. Meseke (* 1942), German politician
- Heinrich von Wedel (1784–1861), Prussian general of the cavalry, military governor of the federal fortress of Luxembourg
- Heinrich Kaspar von Wedel (1778–1858), Prussian major and knight of the order Pour le Mérite
- Henning von Wedel (* 1945), German lawyer
- Hermann von Wedel (General, 1813) (1813–1894), Prussian Lieutenant General
- Hermann von Wedel (General, 1814) (1814–1896), Prussian major general
- Hermann von Wedel (General, 1848) (1848–1913), Prussian Lieutenant General
- Hermann von Wedel (General, 1862) (1862–1928), Prussian major general
- Hermann von Wedel (General, 1893) (1893–1944), German major general, commander of the 10th Air Force Field Division
- Hermann Graf von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1779–1840), Norwegian politician
- Hermann Ludwig von Wedel (1808–1885), Prussian district administrator
- Joachim von Wedel (1552–1609), German landowner and annalist
- Johann von Wedel (around 1350), Vogt in the Neumark
- Johann von Wedell (1679–1742), Prussian major general
- Jürgen Ernst von Wedel (1597–1661), Swedish general and envoy
- Karl Alexander von Wedel (1741–1807), Prussian major general
- Karl von Wedel (General, 1783) (1783–1858), Prussian lieutenant general
- Karl Prince von Wedel (1842–1919), Prussian diplomat and governor of Alsace-Lorraine
- Karl von Wedel-Piesdorf (1845–1917), Prussian district administrator of the Mansfeld lake district, member of the Prussian manor house
- Karl von Wedel-Parlow (1873–1936), member of the Reichstag
- Karl Friedrich von Wedel (1814–1890), Prussian major general, commandant of Koblenz
- Konrad Heinrich von Wedel (1741–1813), Prussian major general
- Krzysztof Tuczyński de Wedel (1565–1649), Polish senator
- Kurt von Wedel (1846–1927), landowner and member of the Prussian manor house
- Ludolf von Wedel († around 1321), Truchseß of Margrave Otto IV.
- Ludolf von Wedel-Parlow (1890–1970), literary scholar
- Lupold von Wedel (1544-1612 / 1615), German travel writer and mercenary leader
- Maria von Wedel (1855–1913), German writer
- Max von Wedel (1850–1906), Persian general
- Otto von Wedel (1769–1813), Prussian officer and knight of the order Pour le Mérite
- Otto Ernst von Wedel (1690–1756), Prussian district administrator of the Wedel district
- Sebastian George von Wedel (1745–1808), Prussian district administrator for the Saatzig district
- Stanisław Krzysztof Tuczyński de Wedel (1634–1694), Polish officer and senator
- Wedego von Wedel (1899–1945), German administrative officer
- Wedego von Wedel (court marshal) († 1324), Pomeranian court marshal and military leader
- Wilhelm von Wedell (1801–1866), Prussian Lord President and member of the Prussian mansion
- Wilhelm Graf von Wedel (1837–1912), Prussian district administrator for the Lüdinghausen district
- Wilhelm von Wedel-Piesdorf (1837–1915), Minister of the Royal House and President of the Reichstag
- Wilhelm Graf von Wedel (1891–1939), Police President and SS Brigade Leader
- Wilhelm Felix Heinrich von Wedel (1744–1814), Prussian district administrator in the county of Mansfeld
- Winfried von Wedel-Parlow (1918–1977), Berlin local politician
- Wolf Christian von Wedel Parlow (* 1937), German economist
literature
- General
- Julius Theodor Bagmihl : Pommersches Wappenbuch . Volume 2, Stettin 1846, pp. 50–70, abd. 19–22 (coat of arms and seal)
- von Wedel, von Wedel-Perlow and von Wedel-Burghagen . In: Marcelli Janecki , Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the German nobility . First volume. WT Bruer's Verlag, Berlin 1896, p. 876-956 ( dlib.rsl.ru ).
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . Noble houses A Volume XVII, p. 515. Volume 81 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1983, ISSN 0435-2408
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1859, p. 931 f. ( books.google.de ).
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses. Second year, 1901, p. 883 ff. ( Digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de Wedel, Wedel-Parlow, Wedel-Burghagen).
- Wilhelm Ehlers: History and folklore of the Pinneberg district. J. M Groth 1922, pp. 49, 88, 465, 492 and 508.
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : German count houses of the present. Volume 2, p. 650 ff. ( Digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de ).
- Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexicon of the Prussian monarchy . Volume 3, Berlin 1858, pp. 86-89 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
- Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables . New episode. Volume XXV: Around the Baltic Sea 4. Verlag Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-465-03545-9 , plates 71-140.
- Dietrich von Wedel (Ed.): Family register of the Lords and Counts von Wedel, generation 1 to 28th 5th edition, Freiburg im Breisgau 1997.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon . Volume 4, Leipzig 1837, pp. 318-319. ( books.google.de full text).
- Medieval related
- Helga Cramer: The Lords of Wedel in the country over the Oder. Property and rule formation up to 1402. In: Yearbook for the history of Central and East Germany. , Volume 18, Berlin 1969, pp. 63-129.
- Christian Gahlbeck : On the origin and composition of the Neumark nobility up to the middle of the 14th century. In: Klaus Neitmann (Hrsg.), Sovereign, nobility and cities in the medieval and early modern Neumark. , Berlin 2015, pp. 115–181.
- Heinrich von Wedel : History of the castle-seated family of the counts and lords of Wedel. 1212-1402. In addition to a register of the documentary proof of possession. Leipzig 1894.
- Heinrich von Wedel : About the origin, the political significance and the status of the family von Wedel from the middle of the 12th to the end of the 14th century. Berlin 1915.
Web links
- Meaning and interpretation of the von Wedel coat of arms (website Leberecht von Wedel)
- Genealogical secondary source for the line of Count Wedel-Jarlsberg
- Website of Gödens Castle
- Wedellsborg Castle and Frijsenborg Castle site
- Website Schloss Jarlsberg (Norwegian)
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. Part II, Volume 3: Greifenhagen and Piritz districts , Anklam 1868, pp. 689-692 .
- ↑ Gerd Heinrich : Die 'Freie Herren' und das Land , pp. 137-150, 145 in: Hartmut Boockmann (Ed.), The beginnings of the corporate representations in Prussia and its neighboring countries . Munich 1992.
- ^ Edward Rymar : Historia polityczna i społeczna Nowej Marchii w średniowieczu (do roku 1535). , Gorzów Wlkp., 2015, p. 413.
- ^ Janko von Czarnikau : Chronicon Polonorum. Lw'ow 1872, p. 88.
- ^ The Piesdorf estate archive in the German Digital Library
- ↑ Aage V. Jensens Fonde holds the largest Danish real estate .
- ↑ Christopher Clark : Prussia. Rise and fall. 1600-1947. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-421-05392-3 , p. 193.
- ^ Gerd Heinrich : History of Prussia. State and dynasty. Ullstein, Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-548-34216-7 , p. 525.
- ↑ Stephan Malinowski : From the king to the leader. Social decline and political radicalization in the German nobility between the German Empire and the Nazi state. Academy publishing house. Berlin 2003. ISBN 3-05-004070-X . P. 573.
- ^ Genealogy. Handbook of the nobility, Adelslexikon. Volume XV, p. 510, CA Starke-Verlag, Limburg, 2004.
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon. Volume XV, p. 511.
- ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Volume GA IV, p. 521, CA Starke-Verlag, Limburg 1962.
- ↑ a b E. David (ed.): Handbook for the Prussian manor house . Berlin 1911, p. 229 ( online ).
- ↑ E. David (Ed.): Handbook for the Prussian manor house . Berlin 1911, p. 371 ( online ).
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1070 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1072 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1072 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1073 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1073 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ [1] .
- ↑ Various older agreements between Brandenburg, Poland and Prussia. In: General Archive for the History of the Prussian State. Volume 4, Berlin Posen Bromberg 1831, pp. 154-164. .
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1074 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 1075 ( limited preview in Google Book search).