Flamersheim Castle

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Flamersheim Castle, aerial photo (2015)

The castle Flamersheim even lock Flamersheim called, is a palace complex in the district Flamersheim the North Rhine-Westphalian town of Euskirchen . It emerged from a medieval moated castle on the Flämmerbach and was a Jülich fief .

This facility was rebuilt for the first time in the 15th century. It was changed to a castle in the 17th century, and further alterations in the Baroque style followed in the last quarter of the 18th century . After the Bemberg family of manufacturers bought the property, they had it changed again in the neo-baroque style, giving it its current appearance. The family is still the owner today and lives in the facility together with some tenants. The castle has been protected as an architectural monument together with the small castle park since 1982 . Viewing is not possible.

history

Beginnings

The chronicle of Abbot Reginor from Prüm already reports for the year 870 about a regia villa nomine Flameresheim , a royal estate in Flamersheim. However, it is not certain that this was a predecessor of the current castle. The property came to the Count Palatine , who transferred it to the Cologne Monastery of St. Maria ad Gradus in the middle of the 11th century . The church had the Fronhof administered by noble bailiffs who built a first castle to secure the property .

The fortified complex was first mentioned in a document dated June 1, 1358. On that day confirmed Emelrich of Ringheim the status of his house Flamersheim with bailey and fixtures ( huys Vlaemersheim with edema vurburge ind vestenen ) and open house of the Jülich Duke. At that time, Flamersheim was already a two-part complex, consisting of a bailey and a core , which ensured that it was fit for the state parliament until the 18th century .

Early modern times : changing owners

Illustration of Flamersheim Castle in Codex Welser, ca.1723

From 1429 the castle belonged as a Jülich fiefdom to the Krümmel von Eynatten family , from whom it passed to the von Palant family at the beginning of the 16th century when Sophie von Krümmel married Gerhard von Palant. In 1564, Flamersheim Castle came to the Quadt von Landskron family through the marriage of Sophia von Palant , who remained the owners until the 18th century. In 1713, Dietrich von Quadt had the medieval castle house redesigned into a more homely and representative baroque palace. A - albeit very imprecise - illustration in the Codex Welser shows it as a two-part, water-protected system.

Dietrich's descendant and heir to the family, Josina Christina von Quadt, married Johann Otto Ferdinand von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels in 1746 , so that after the male line of Quadt died out in 1776, the facility fell to Dalwigk. Josinas and Johann's son Friedrich Wilhelm rebuilt the castle in the last quarter of the 18th century together with his wife Wilhelmine Frederike Charlotte von Calcum called Lohausen into a representative country house in the style of the late baroque. This is evidenced by the couple's alliance coat of arms on the wrought-iron grille on the terrace facing the garden . During the work, the building received arched windows , a uniaxial central risalit with a triangular gable , corner pilasters and a terrace with an outside staircase . In addition, the moat between the manor house and the outer bailey was filled. The architect of the renovation could have been Johann Georg Leydel , who created Miel Castle in very similar forms from 1768 to 1772 .

The heir, Eberhardine Franziska, married Baron Ernst von Vincke in 1796 and brought the property to her husband, who also acquired Odenhausen Castle, some 20 kilometers away . The couple used Flamersheim at least temporarily as a residence. His only child, daughter Charlotte, sold the castle to real estate speculator Franz Georg Weckbecker, who also owned the family-owned Ringsheim Castle and Langendorf Castle . In contrast to Langendorf, however, he left Ringsheim and Flamersheim undivided and sold them to the Kaufmann brothers from Cologne.

Since the 19th century: the von Bemberg family

Flamersheim Castle on a lithograph , around 1860

The two people from Cologne sold the system to Caroline Bemberg, born in 1861. Wülfing, the widow of the Elberfeld factory owner Julius August Bemberg. She fundamentally rebuilt the palace in the neo-baroque style until 1863. The once clearly structured, simple mansion with a high hipped roof and curved domes on the corner towers was transformed into a Victorian -style, richly structured building with a mansard roof , pilasters , portico and open upper floors. In order to be able to enjoy a distant view from the main house, the new owners had the southeast wing of the outer bailey torn down. Linas' son Julius , who was raised to the hereditary Prussian nobility in 1884, inherited both estates and laid the foundation stone for today's palace gardens in Flamersheim by having a bosket laid out. The current design of the palace forecourt and the widening of part of the moat to a pond can be traced back to him.

In 1903 Julius' son Robert took over the property. During his time as lord of the castle, a single-storey kitchen wing was built in 1923 as an extension to the northeast corner of the manor house, and the outer bailey was damaged during the Second World War . After Robert's death, his son Jürgen von Bemberg-Flamersheim succeeded him. He carried out various repair work on the system, for example the restoration of the east tower including the replacement of its slate roof and the renovation of a barn including its roofing. Jürgen von Bemberg-Flamersheim was followed in 1988 by his son Robert. He had the manor built for himself and his family. Among other things, the building services were modernized. In 1991, the west tower was secured and repaired and the façade of the mansion was renovated . From 1993, the owner family also had the two buildings flanking the castle forecourt converted into apartments. These former cattle and horse stables had previously stood empty unused. During the renovations, the war damage that had previously only been poorly repaired was completely repaired.

In 1998/1999, the former tenant house was modernized and repaired, and by 2003 the half-timbered structure at the gatehouse, the roof of which was damaged by a fire in 1979, was renewed. Flamersheim Castle still serves as a residence for the von Bemberg-Flamersheim family. The first floor of the manor house is rented. The agriculture belonging to the property has now been outsourced. The buildings at the main entrance that became vacant as a result are now used by a restaurant.

description

Castle Park

The palace complex is located in the center of the village next to the Flamersheim church. A small castle park in the form of a romantic landscape park with exotic trees, which extends north, east and south-east of the castle building, belongs to it . Its extensive moats and ponds are evidence that the castle's roots lie in a medieval moated castle. The park is surrounded by a high wall with wrought iron gates. On its north side are the remains of a geometrically laid out garden with yew hedges and huge espalier trees .

Outbuildings and farm buildings

Today's main driveway runs from the southwest towards the manor house. It leads past the former manor from the 18th century to end on the palace forecourt south of the manor house. The square is flanked by two two-story buildings that were previously used as stables and coach houses. The western building is dated to 1704 by wall anchors . Like its eastern counterpart, it has arched door and window openings from the 19th century, when these remnants of the former outer bailey were also remodeled with baroque stucco structures and given high gables similar to the manor house. The current condition of the former farm and outbuildings results from renovations and repairs in the 1990s and 2000s.

Mansion

Manor house and flanking buildings, view from the south

The mansion is a rectangular quarry stone building with two floors and a mansard roof. The strong Traufgesims resting on a vine fries on cast-iron brackets . The plastered building has five axes on the south side, of which the middle one is particularly emphasized by a risalit, crowning gable and framing pairs of pilasters with joint cuts. A portico with a balcony is built in front of the entrance door, which is in the central axis . The facade is flanked by two four-storey square corner towers protruding far. Its top floor, which was added in the 18th century and replaced baroque tower domes at the time, has no windows, but rather large arched openings between pilasters . Both towers are closed by mansard roofs. In the east tower, the remainder of an embrasure has been preserved, which together with the cladding of a late Gothic transverse floor window on the east wall of the manor house shows that the core of the building still has late medieval structural fabric. The north facade has a three-axis central projection and a terrace in front, which can be reached from the castle park via a two-flight staircase. The coat of arms of the von Dalwigk and von Calcum families can be found on the terrace railing. On the east side of the building is a round stair tower from the 18th century.

Inside the mansion, much of the late Baroque interior design is preserved, including the stucco ceilings of some rooms, the vestibule and the staircase with his double-barreled stairs and the equipment in the banquet hall of the house. From the last quarter of the 18th century, the paneling in the ground floor rooms of the corner towers is particularly valuable in terms of art history. Their fields are decorated with stucco reliefs showing musical instruments, hunting utensils and game.

literature

  • Harald Herzog: castles and palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 2nd Edition. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7927-1226-1 , pp. 255-262.
  • Dirk Holtermann, Harald Herzog: The Euskirchen Castle Tour. Cycling between Erft and Eifel. Walter Rau, Düsseldorf 2000, ISBN 3-7919-0750-6 , p. 62 ( online ).
  • Robert Janke, Harald Herzog: Castles and palaces in the Rhineland. Greven, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0368-1 , pp. 62-63.
  • Hans Kisky: Castles, palaces and court festivals in the Euskirchen district. Association of History and Home Friends of the District of Euskirchen e. V., Euskirchen 1960, pp. 89-90.
  • Barbara Otzen, Hans Otzen: Castles, palaces and mansions on the Rhine. Voreifel to Westerwald. Lempertz, Königswinter 2007, ISBN 978-3-939908-17-3 , pp. 128-130.
  • Ernst Polaczek: The art monuments of the Rheinbach district (= The art monuments of the Rhine Province . Volume 4, Section 2). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1898, pp. 29-30 ( digitized version ).
  • Corinna Relles, Gabriele Rünger, Octavia Zanger: The castles around Euskirchen. Friends and sponsors of the Stadtmuseum eV, Euskirchen [approx. 2005], pp. 4-9.

Web links

Commons : Burg Flamersheim  - Collection of images

Footnotes

  1. ^ Entry by Hans-Jürgen Greggersen on Flamersheim Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  2. ↑ Corinna Relles, Gabriele Rünger, Octavia Zanger: The castles to Euskirchen. approx. 2005, p. 6.
  3. ↑ Georg Heinrich Pertz (Ed.): Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores, Volume 1. Hahn, Hannover 1826, p. 582 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Harald Herzog is - on behalf of others - of the opinion in his publications that the villa mentioned was in the same place as today's castle and that this is to be regarded as a successor complex. Compare for example Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 255. Hans Kisky, on the other hand, advocates the thesis in his publication that the court of the Count Palatinate should be equated with Hockebur Castle and that it should be located in today's Kirchheim and not in Flamersheim. See Hans Kisky: Castles, palaces and court festivals in the Euskirchen district. 1960, p. 89.
  5. ^ Ernst Polaczek: The art monuments of the Rheinbach district. 1898, p. 29.
  6. ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 255.
  7. ↑ a b Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (Ed.): Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume 3. Schaubʼsche Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1853, p. 486, no. 579 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, pp. 255-256.
  9. ↑ a b Barbara Otzen, Hans Otzen: Castles, palaces and mansions on the Rhine. 2007, p. 129.
  10. ↑ a b c d e Harald Herzog: Castles and palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 260.
  11. ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 256.
  12. ^ Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . North Rhine-Westphalia Volume 1: Rhineland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-422-03093-X , p. 411.
  13. ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 262.
  14. ↑ a b c Corinna Relles, Gabriele Rünger, Octavia Zanger: The castles to Euskirchen. approx. 2005, p. 7.
  15. ↑ a b Corinna Relles, Gabriele Rünger, Octavia Zanger: The castles to Euskirchen. approx. 2005, p. 9.
  16. ↑ Harald Herzog, Klaus Ring: Walls, Towers and Ruins. A hiking guide to castles and palaces in the Euskirchen district. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-7929-1153-2 , p. 133.
  17. ↑ a b Harald Herzog: Castles and palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 257.
  18. ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 259.
  19. ↑ Harald Herzog: Castles and Palaces. History and typology of the noble seats in the Euskirchen district. 1991, p. 261.

Coordinates: 50 ° 37'22.6 "  N , 6 ° 51'7.4"  E