Christian von Münch (banker, 1690)

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Christian von Münch around 1757 (engraving by Johann Jacob Haid)

Christian von Münch (born March 17, 1690 in Frankfurt am Main , † September 3, 1757 in Augsburg ) was a German banker in Augsburg.

biography

family

The son of the Frankfurt merchant and banker Peter Münch and his wife Susanna Magdalena, b. Rulandt married Anna Barbara von Rauner, daughter of Johann Thomas von Rauner the Elder, banker in Augsburg, and his wife Maria Magdalena Gullmann on July 24, 1713 in Augsburg. From this marriage there were twelve children, seven of whom survived him.

Banker and entrepreneur

Bronze medal from 1748 with the figure of Christian von Münch (Jean Dassier)

In 1708, Münch, who came from a well-known Frankfurt banking family, took on a job at the exchange and trading house Johann Thomas Rauner the Elder in Augsburg. In the year of his marriage to a Rauner's daughter, Münch and his brother-in-law Johann Thomas Rauner the Younger founded the Rauner & Münch exchange and silver trading company, which soon developed into one of the most important banking and trading houses in southern Germany . Rauner and Münch expressed their economic success to the outside world by acquiring the Fugger houses in Augsburger Maximilianstraße , which was the office of the bank for several years. Jakob Fugger the Rich had already had his company there.

At that time, the activities of a bank were broad and, in addition to classic banking tasks, typically included trading, forwarding and brokerage.

Rauner & Schmid opened a branch in Vienna in 1716 . Two years later , the Vienna Court Chamber ordered silverware and clocks from Augsburg for the Hohe Pforte to the value of 50,000 guilders . The delivery of a silver altar for the church of the Benedictine monastery in Mariazell in Styria based on a design by the architect and sculptor Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in 1725 represented a major order for Rauner & Münch.

Only financially strong companies could participate in the lucrative trade in mineral resources . Most of these served as repayments for loans granted to the sovereign . In 1720 Rauner & Münch entered the salt trade as a partner of the Munich exchange trader Johann Baptist Ruffini . They pledged to the Memmingen salt company to deliver 100,000 barrels of salt from the Bavarian salt office in Landsberg to the salt merchants in four years . A few years later the contract was extended to 1730.

In 1725, the Bavarian elector Maximilian II transferred the golden electoral table service to Emanuel against an advance of 400,000 guilders. The repayment should be made by deliveries from the Donauwörther Salzamt.

After his partner Johann Thomas Rauner the Younger died in 1728, Christian Münch continued the company on his own, but no less successfully.

In 1733 he was able to conclude a contract with the court chamber, which guaranteed him 3000 quintals of copper from the imperial mine in Maydanpek for a fixed price of 129,000 guilders each year for the years 1734 to 1737 , whereby he was able to secure an almost monopoly on copper .

In 1731 Münch lent the Bavarian Elector Karl Albrecht 100,000 guilders, after repayment in 1737 the court pay office again 75,000 guilders and in 1739 another 150,000 guilders. When the Elector finally became Roman-German Emperor in that year, Münch had essentially got his outstanding debts back and skilfully fought off the great need for money of the now Emperor Charles VII . However, he brokered a loan from the Frankfurt banking house Johann Ludwig Harscher, secured with the electoral gold service, to the emperor, who fled because of the occupation of Munich by Austrian troops. In 1743 he was available with a sum of 100,000 guilders for troop pay against collateral from parts of the gold service. In addition, he had the income from the Donauwörth government overwritten, to which the heirs of his father-in-law still had an old claim of 84,000 guilders. The successor of Maximilian II. Emanuel, the Elector Max III. Joseph was once again available to Münch with 60,000 guilders in exchange for the gold service and jewels.

In 1749 Münch withdrew from the company, which his sons Johann Carl von Münch and Christian II von Münch were running. The grandson of Christian III. von Münch liquidated the bank in 1808.

Citizen

By marrying the daughter of an Augsburg patrician in 1713, Münch acquired the parlor ability and has since been a member of the Augsburger Stubengesellschaft. Only as a result of the elevation to the imperial nobility on April 4, 1731, Münch and his descendants were accepted into the Augsburg patricians who were eligible for advice the following year.

Aystetten Castle in 1740 (engraving by Johann Thomas Krauss)
Mühringen Castle and Rule 1718 (engraving by Gabriel Bodenehr)
Filseck Castle in 1683 (watercolor by Andreas Kieser)

Lord of the castle

In 1729, Münch bought the Aystetten estate with the village of Neusäß from Franz Octavian Langenmantel . In 1740, he had Aystetten Castle expanded to double its size and redesigned. Münch also had the porcelain room , which is still preserved today and in the Rocaille style, furnished with its faience à la chinoise and a marble medallion with the portrait of the client.

On the lands belonging to the castle, he had a mulberry plantation built and a silkworm farm set up. Münch had workers from Italy and Tyrol recruited for the extraction and processing of the raw silk in specially designed premises . This company of the otherwise so enterprising man, however, was denied success.

When Carl Magnus Leutrum von Ertingen, the owner of the Filseck Castle , went bankrupt in 1749 , Münch acquired the castle from the bankruptcy estate as his main creditor .

Besides Munch's wife had his father's reign, along with their eight siblings in 1735 Hohenmühringen and Niedermühringen with the villages meadow Stetten , Dommelsberg , Egelstall and mills as Fideikommiss inherited a purchase right at a set price. In the years 1748 and 1749 Münch was able to acquire additional shares from the co-heirs through this right, but did not acquire ownership of the entire rule.

Münch left his castles and estates as entails to his male descendants.

Nobleman

Münch was on April 4, 1731 by Emperor Karl VI. raised to the imperial nobility. Since then he has also called himself Christian von Münch auf Aystetten.

The coat of arms , which was increased when the rank was raised, is quartered and bears the main coat of arms in the middle shield . This is divided by a red crossbar. Above, a growing bearded monk with a robe and tonsure up to his knees is visible on a gold background. He has an open book in his hands. The lower part of the middle shield is silver. In the first and fourth fields of the main coat of arms, half a black double-headed eagle grows out of the division on a gold background . In the second and third fields there is a crowned golden lion leaping inward on a blue background, holding a branch of green oak in the right paw above and below in the left. On the coat of arms are two open tournament helmets with right black and golden, the left blue and silver helmet cover . On the first helmet there is a black eagle, on the second a lion grows, similar to that of the second field in the main shield.

Pietist and benefactor

Münch and his family were supporters of the pietistic form of Protestantism . He was friends with the pietistic senior and pastor at the St. Anna Church in Augsburg, Samuel Urlsperger . He had his sons trained at the pietistic educational center in Halle and the University of Halle .

When the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg Leopold Anton von Firmian had expelled his evangelical subjects in 1731/32 and many of them passed through Augsburg, Urlsperger took care of their accommodation and food. The British Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge also sent funds to Urlsperger, who had them administered by Münch. Initially intended for all emigrants , these were soon restricted to those who wanted to emigrate to the British colony of Georgia .

Münch became a great benefactor of the town of Ebenezer in Georgia, which was founded by the Salzburgers . He selflessly provided the settlers with donations and delivered urgently needed goods. In addition, he made an interest-free loan available to Urlsperger so that he could purchase agricultural equipment for the people of Salzburg . When additional workers were needed in later years, Münch finally took care of their recruitment.

A foundation going back to Christian von Münch the Elder to support mainly Protestant needy people could only be established on October 4, 1822 after a lengthy legal dispute and court settlement . It was later added to the foundations of the Protestant Welfare Foundation established by Johann Carl von Münch on September 18, 1778 and his brother Christian von Münch the Younger on May 15, 1780.

In 1750 several Augsburg patricians, including Münch, established a foundation to support needy widows and descendants. After the patriciate was abolished, the foundation letter was renewed in 1810 and the name was changed to "Foundation of some Augsburg Protestant noble families to support their needy members". In 1810 the foundation's capital was 74,045 guilders.

Utopian

Münch, his sons Christian von Münch the Younger, Thomas Carl von Münch and his son-in-law Heinrich Remigius Münch also received 500 acres of land located in the colony as gifts from the trustees of the Georgia colony . In 1750, Münch sent the surveyor Johann Thomas Kraus to Georgia to inspect and measure his plantation.

A letter to the trustees from 1751 shows that Münch dreamed of a hereditary fiefdom in Georgia that would be directly under the jurisdiction of the English king and be as independent as any immediate loan in the Roman-German Empire . Possibly he was also the person from Augsburg who had presented Johann Martin Boltzius , the pastor of Ebenezer, a catalog of questions about the living conditions and economy of the colony, which Boltzius answered in detail in 1751. In 1751, Münch sent Johann Wilhelm Gerhard von Brahm to Georgia as administrator of the land to be reclaimed , but he turned to another field of activity on site. Münch's plan to expand the bank through colonial business was not pursued after his death.

Appreciation

  • The community of Aystetten named Münchstrasse after the family of the previous castle owners.

literature

  • Fr. Cast: Historical and genealogical book of the nobility of the Kingdom of Württemberg. South German aristocratic heroes or the history and genealogy of the princely, counts, baronial and noble houses residing in or connected with the southern German states with details of their possessions, coats of arms, the statesmen, diplomats, heroes, scholars and artists who have emerged from them and their in the Present living members. Sect. 1, Volume 1, containing the history and genealogy of the nobility in the Kingdom of Württemberg . Verlag JF Cast´sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1844. (digitized version )
  • Maximilian Gritzner: Bavarian Aristocratic Repertory for the Last Three Centuries. Collected and compiled from official sources. In: State surveys and acts of grace of German sovereigns during the last three centuries. Collected and compiled from official sources. 1st volume: Anhalt - Bavaria. Verlag CA Starke, Görlitz 1881. (digitized version)
  • Otto Titan von Hefner (Ed.): J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. In a new, completely ordered and richly increased edition with heraldic and historical-genealogical explanations. Verlag Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1856. (digitized version)
  • Gustav Heim: The return of the funds united in the Protestant charity fund of the city of Augsburg to their functional purposes. Prepared for the lecture in the magistrate . Publishing house of the Albr. Volkhart'schen Buchdruckerei, Augsburg 1862, p. 84 ff. (Digitized version)
  • George Fenwick Jones: The Georgia Dutch. From the Rhine and Danube to the Savannah. 1733-1783. The University of Georgia Press, Athens / London 1992. (digital copy)
  • Ernst Jürgen Meyer: The funerals of von Rauner in St. Anna in Augsburg. Leaflets of the Bavarian State Association for Family Studies . Volume 13, vol. 39–42. (1976-1979), Vol. 42 (1979), Issue 11/12. Verlag Lassleben, Kallmünz 1979, p. 392 ff. (Digitized version)
  • Konrad Tyroff: Gender and coat of arms description for the Tyroffischen new noble coat of arms . Volume 1, No. 1, Verlag des Konrad Tyroffischen Wappencomtoirs, Nuremberg 1791, p. 121 f. (Digitized version)
  • Anton Steichele: The diocese of Augsburg. Described historically and statistically. Volume 2: The country chapters Agenwang, Aichach, Baisweil, Bayer-Mönching, Burgheim . B. Schmid´sche Verlagbuchhandlung (A. Manz), Augsburg 1864, p. 20. (digitized version)
  • Paul von Stetten the Younger: History of the noble families in the free imperial city of Augsburg both in terms of their special status and in terms of each individual family described and drawn from proven historians and documents. With 228 coats of arms and sigla engraved in copper. Johann Jacob Haid, painter and art publisher, Augsburg 1762, p. 343 ff. (Digitized version)
  • Samuel Urlsperger (Ed.): The eighteenth continuation of the detailed reports from the Salzburg emigrants who have settled in America. What it contains: I. The daily register of Mr. Bolzius, preacher at Ebenezer, from Sept. 1750. up to Mart. incl. 1751. II Certain questions put to Mr. Bolzius from Europe and his answers given by Carolina and Georgia. III. A duplicated appendix, consisting of 1.) in a wedding speech on Pf. 119, 56, and 2.) in a short message from the Gospel. Poor house in Augsburg and a double jubilee in it for future Pentecost. Orphanage publishing house, Halle 1752. (digitized version)
  • Georg Wilhelm Zapf: Augsburg library or historical-critical-literary directory of all writings that concern the city of Augsburg and explain its history: An attempt . Volume 1. Johann Melchior Lotter und Kompagnie, Augsburg 1795, p. 364 ff. (Digitized version)
  • Wolfgang Zorn: Trade and industrial history of Bavarian Swabia 1648-1870. Economic, social and cultural history of Swabian entrepreneurship. Publications of the Swabian Research Foundation at the Commission for Bavarian State History. Series 1. Studies on the history of Bavarian Swabia . Volume 6. Verlag der Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft, Augsburg 1961.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Paul von Stetten the Younger: History of the noble families in the free imperial city of Augsburg, both in terms of their special status and in terms of each individual family, described and drawn from tried and tested historians and documents. With 228 coats of arms and sigla engraved in copper . Johann Jacob Haid, painter and art publisher, Augsburg 1762, p. 343 ff .
  2. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Zapf: Augsburg library or historical-critical-literary directory of all writings which concern the city of Augsburg and explain its history: An attempt . tape 1 . Johann Melchior Lotter and Company, Augsburg 1795, p. 364 ff .
  3. ^ A b Ernst Jürgen Meyer: The funerals of von Rauner in St. Anna in Augsburg . In: Leaflets of the Bavarian State Association for Family Studies . tape 13 , vol. 39-42. (1976-1979), No. 11/12 . Verlag Lassleben, Kallmünz 1979, p. 392 ff .
  4. ↑ Contrary to Meyer's assumption, it is not true that Rauner jun. and Münch 1713 the company of Rauner sen. took over. Rauner Sr. granted credit to the Bavarian Court War Pay Office in 1716.
  5. ^ A b c Wolfgang Zorn: Trade and industrial history of Bavarian Swabia. 1648-1870 . In: Economic, social and cultural history of Swabian entrepreneurship. Publications of the Swabian Research Foundation at the Commission for Bavarian State History. Studies on the history of Bavarian Swabia . tape 6 . Verlag der Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft, Augsburg 1961, p. 30th ff .
  6. ↑ Control center of world trade in the 16th century. (PDF) In: Open Monument Day 2002. City of Augsburg, 2002, p. 7 , accessed on June 21, 2017 .
  7. ^ Margarethe Edlin-Thieme: Studies on the history of the Munich trading class in the 18th century . In: Research on social and economic history . tape 11 . Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969, p. 57 ff .
  8. ↑ Peter Rauscher / Andrea Serles: Die Wiener Niederleger around 1700. A commercial elite between trade, state finances and trade . In: Money Market Actors. Austrian journal for historical sciences . StudienVerlag, Innsbruck / Vienna / Bozen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7065-5333-9 , p. 154 ff .
  9. ^ A b Wolfgang Zorn: Trade and Industrial History of Bavarian Swabia. 1648-1870 . In: Economic, social and cultural history of Swabian entrepreneurship. Publications of the Swabian Research Foundation at the Commission for Bavarian State History. Studies on the history of Bavarian Swabia . tape 6 . Verlag der Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft, Augsburg 1961, p. 37 f .
  10. ↑ Maximilian Gritzner: Bavarian Aristocratic Repertory of the Last Three Centuries. Collected and compiled from official sources. In: State surveys and acts of grace of German sovereigns during the last three centuries. Collected and compiled from official sources . tape 1 , Anhalt - Bavaria. Verlag CA Starke, Görlitz 1881, p. 289 f .
  11. ↑ a b Münch, Christian von, elevation to the advisable sex and patrician of Augsburg for him and his descent. Austrian State Archives, accessed on June 19, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Bruno Bushard / Georg Paula / Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bavaria. Swabia . 2nd revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03116-6 , p. 156 f .
  13. ^ Wolfgang Zorn: Trade and Industrial History of Bavarian Swabia. 1648-1870 . In: Economic, social and cultural history of Swabian entrepreneurship. Publications of the Swabian Research Foundation at the Commission for Bavarian State History. Studies on the history of Bavarian Swabia . tape 6 . Verlag der Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft, Augsburg 1961, p. 38 .
  14. ↑ Verlag des Konrad Tyroffischen Wappencomtoirs (ed.): Gender and coat of arms description for the Tyroffischen new aristocratic coat of arms . tape 1 , no. 1 . Verlag des Konrad Tyroffischen Wappencomtoirs, Nuremberg 1791, p. 121 f .
  15. ↑ Verlag des Konrad Tyroffischen Wappencomtoirs (ed.): Gender and coat of arms description for the Tyroffischen new aristocratic coat of arms . tape 1 , no. 1 . Verlag des Konrad Tyroffischen Wappencomtoirs, Nuremberg 1791, p. 121 .
  16. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner (Ed.): J. Siebmacher's large and general Wappenbuch. In a new, completely ordered and richly increased edition with heraldic and historical-genealogical explanations . Verlag Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1856, p. 48 .
  17. ↑ James Van Horn Melton: Religion, Community, and Slavery on the Colonial Southern Frontier . In: Cambridge Studies on the American South . Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-06328-0 , pp. 239 .
  18. ^ Christian von Münch the Younger. Francke Foundations in Halle (Saale). Study Center August Hermann Francke. Archive, July 23, 2015, accessed June 19, 2017 .
  19. ^ Johann Thomas von Münch. Francke Foundations in Halle (Saale). Study Center August Hermann Francke. Archive, July 23, 2015, accessed June 19, 2017 .
  20. ↑ a b George Fenwick Jones: Urlsperger and Eben-Ezer . In: Samuel Urlsperger (1685-1772). Augsburg pietism between external impact and internal world . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-05-002824-6 , pp. 191 ff .
  21. ↑ George Fenwick Jones: The Georgia Dutch. From the Rhine and Danube to the Savannah. 1733-1783 . The University of Georgia Press, Athens / London 1992, ISBN 0-8203-1393-9 , pp. 146 f .
  22. ^ Thilo Dinkel: Samuel Urlsperger's curriculum vitae, written by himself in 1748 . In: Samuel Urlsperger (1685-1772). Augsburg pietism between external impact and internal world . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-05-002824-6 , pp. 21st ff .
  23. ^ Renate Wilson: Continental Protestant Refugees and their Protectors in Germany and London. Commercial to Charitable Networks . In: Pietism and Modern Times. A yearbook on the history of modern Protestantism . tape 20 . Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1995, p. 107 ff .
  24. ↑ George Fenwick Jones: The Georgia Dutch. From the Rhine and Danube to the Savannah. 1733-1783 . The University of Georgia Press, Athens / London 1992, ISBN 0-8203-1393-9 , pp. 147 .
  25. ↑ Gustav Heim: The return of the funds united in the Protestant charity fund of the city of Augsburg to their functional purposes. Prepared for the lecture in the magistrate . Publishing house of the Albr. Volkhart'schen Buchdruckerei, Augsburg 1862, p. 84 ff .
  26. ^ Fr. Eugen von Seida and Landensberg: Historical-statistical description of all church, school, educational and charitable institutions in Augsburg. From its origins to the most recent times . tape 2 . Stagesche Buchhandlung , Augsburg / Leipzig 1811, p. 875 ff .
  27. ↑ George Fenwick Jones: The Georgia Dutch. From the Rhine and Danube to the Savannah. 1733-1783 . The University of Georgia Press, Athens / London 1992, ISBN 0-8203-1393-9 , pp. 146 f .
  28. ↑ Paul von Stetten the Younger: Explanations of the ideas engraved in copper from the history of the imperial city of Augsburg. In historical letters to a woman . Printed by Conrad Heinrich Stage, Augsburg 1765, p. 235 .
  29. ↑ George Fenwick Jones: The Georgia Dutch. From the Rhine and Danube to the Savannah. 1733-1783 . The University of Georgia Press, Athens / London 1992, ISBN 0-8203-1393-9 , pp. 147 .
  30. ↑ Samuel Urlsperger (Ed.): The eighteenth continuation of the detailed reports from the Salzburg emigrants who have settled in America. What it contains: I. The daily register of Mr. Bolzius, preacher at Ebenezer, from Sept. 1750. up to Mart. incl. 1751. II Certain questions put to Mr. Bolzius from Europe and his answers given by Carolina and Georgia. III. A duplicated appendix, consisting of 1.) in a wedding speech on Pf. 119, 56, and 2.) in a short message from the Gospel. Poor house in Augsburg and a double jubilee in it for future Pentecost . Verlag Waisenhaus, Halle 1752, p. 922 ff .
  31. ↑ James Van Horn Melton: Religion, Community, and Slavery on the Colonial Southern Frontier . In: Cambridge Studies on the American South . Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-06328-0 , pp. 246 f .
personal data
SURNAME Münch, Christian von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Münch, Christian; Münch, Christianus von; Münch Christianus de; Münch auf Aystetten, Christian von; Münch, Chrétien von; Munch, Christian von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German banker in Augsburg
DATE OF BIRTH March 17, 1690
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH September 3, 1757
Place of death augsburg