Chronicle of the civil war in Syria 2014
The 2014 Chronicle of the Syrian Civil War records the events of the Syrian civil war in 2014.
January
On January 3, the organization Doctors Without Borders announced that five of its helpers had been abducted by strangers in northern Syria.
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 60 people had been killed in the provinces of Aleppo and Idlib by January 4 as part of a two-day joint offensive by various moderate rebel groups against the fighters of the radical Islamist ISIL ( Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant ) . According to activists, it is the heaviest fighting between rebel groups since the beginning of the war. In the village of Harem, about two kilometers from the Turkish border, ISIL fighters carried out a massacre of 30 prisoners after they were surrounded by other rebels. Monzer Akbik, representative of the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces , explained the attacks as a reaction by the Free Syrian Army (FSA) to the "authoritarian repression" by ISIL. The Syrian people firmly reject attempts by al-Qaeda to establish themselves in the liberated areas.
On January 5, fighting between various rebel groups in northern Syria continued. According to activists, fighters from a new alliance of various rebel groups killed three key commanders of the radical Islamist ISIL and captured 170 of their fighters. Conversely, countless Syrians arrested by ISIL have been freed. The ISIL fighters had been expelled from Saraqeb, Maarat al-Numan and the border town of Bab al-Hawa in the Idlib province, as well as Marae and Tal Rifaat in the Aleppo province. In response to the attacks, ISIL issued a statement on the short message service Twitter threatening to withdraw its fighters from the rebel-held districts of Aleppo and thus to expose them to the Syrian government troops. At the same time, violent military clashes between units of ISIL and Iraqi government troops over the cities of Ramadi and Fallujah took place in the Iraqi province of Anbar. At a two-day meeting in Turkey, the umbrella organization of the Syrian opposition in exile, the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces (SNC), confirmed Ahmed Jarba as chairman for a further six months. In the vote, he was able to unite a narrow majority against the former Syrian Prime Minister Rijad Hijab , who had fled to Jordan with his family in August 2012. In Tripoli, northern Lebanon, there were repeated exchanges of fire between supporters and opponents of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad . One person was killed and six others injured.
On January 6, the fighting between fighters of the radical Islamic ISIL and other rebel groups spread to the city of Raqqa, around 400 kilometers northeast of Damascus. Raqqa, Syria's only provincial capital controlled by rebels, was captured by the Islamists in March 2013.
On January 7, according to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), containers with chemical weapons components were loaded onto a Danish cargo ship for the first time in the port of Latakia. The transport ship then took up a waiting position in international waters until further material can be loaded. It was secured by warships from Norway, Denmark, Russia and China. As a result of international pressure following the poison gas attacks in Ghouta, the Syrian government committed itself to handing over its chemical weapons potential to the international community. The substances are to be transported to Italy, from where the most dangerous components are to be transported to the US special ship MV Cape Ray and destroyed there. Various groups of observers reported the deaths of up to 71 ISIL fighters in the fighting over the past three days. It was also stated that several ISIL fighters who were captured by other rebels in internal opposition struggles but could not identify themselves as Syrians were executed.
On January 8, opposition activists put the total number of deaths in the internal clashes at more than 274. They also referred to a call attributed to the ISIL in which a spokesman calls on fighters to destroy the FSA and other opposition groups. Their followers should therefore be killed wherever they are found. Around 300 prisoners, including journalists, activists and rebel fighters, were freed when the previous ISIL headquarters in a former children's hospital in Aleppo were taken by fighters from the allied other rebel forces. In the United Nations Security Council (UN), the representative of Russia again blocked a declaration condemning the air strikes by the Syrian Air Force on Aleppo, which had been going on since December 15, 2013. In the text submitted by Great Britain, the Syrian government army was held responsible for the deaths of more than 700 people and the injuries of 3,000 others.
On January 9, the German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier declared that Germany was ready to take part in the elimination of Syrian chemical weapons. Germany has the technical skills and should therefore not refuse. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a car bomb attack in the village of al-Kafat in central Syria killed at least 18 people and injured numerous others, including many women and children. Al-Kafat is predominantly inhabited by members of the Shiite minority and controlled by Syrian government forces.
On January 10, Syrian state media reported that troops loyal to President Assad had thwarted an attempt by rebels to break the siege ring around Homs . The media reported 37 rebel fighters killed, while opposition sources believed at least 45 fighters were killed. Representatives of a wide range of opposition and rebel groups ended a two-day meeting in Cordoba, Spain. A coordinating body was set up and an agreement on participation in the peace talks planned for January 22nd in Geneva could not be reached.
On January 12, UN emergency aid coordinator Valerie Amos said on the occasion of a visit to Syria that the United Nations (UN) needed at least 6.5 billion dollars to support the victims of the three-year conflict in Syria. In addition to the more than two million refugees abroad, there are another four million who depend on help at home. Around 2.5 million of them are difficult to reach for humanitarian workers due to fighting or sieges. In a communiqué, the Friends of Syria called on the Syrian opposition to participate in the planned peace conference in Geneva at a meeting of foreign ministers. According to SOHR activists, more than 700 people have been killed in the north and east of Syria since the offensive of several rebel groups against the ISIL fighters began. According to the observatory, the government army was able to take the city of Nakarin near Aleppo as a result of the fighting among the rebels. According to activists, ISIL fighters were able to recapture a large part of the areas lost to other rebel groups, especially in the area of ar-Raqqa and the border crossing to Turkey in Tel-Abyad. ISIL members captured and executed around 100 fighters from rival Islamist groups, including the local commander of the al-Nusra Front , during the fighting in the vicinity of Raqqa . According to various reports, numerous people were killed in attacks by government forces in the country, including another 21 in air strikes with so-called barrel bombs on the city of al-Bab in the province of Aleppo.
On January 13, the United States Foreign Ministers, John Kerry , and Russia, Sergei Lavrov , declared at a press conference after a joint meeting with the United Nations Representative for Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi , in Paris that they were jointly limiting themselves for the time being Want to use ceasefire agreements in the Syria conflict, starting with Aleppo. In addition, an exchange of prisoners between the warring parties is sought. Lavrov said there were signs that the Syrian government army could allow humanitarian aid deliveries to the suburbs of Damascus, particularly the 160,000 residents of Ghouta , which it has besieged for more than a year . No agreement could be reached on Iran's participation in the planned peace conference in Geneva. Meanwhile, activists put the number of starvation deaths in the suburbs of Damascus besieged by the Syrian government army at 68.
On January 14, an attempt by the United Nations Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Middle East (UNRWA) to send a convoy with humanitarian aid and vaccines against polio to the Yarmuk refugee camp near Damascus, which was besieged by Syrian government forces , failed . A UNRWA spokesman blamed the Syrian authorities for insisting on a route through disputed territory. The number of people trapped by government forces in Yarmuk for months was given as 17,000. According to activists, 15 people have already starved to death as a result of the siege. According to the SOHR, fighters of the radical Islamist ISIL were able to bring the provincial capital ar-Raqqa back completely under their control during battles with rival rebel groups. 18 people were killed in fighting between rebels and government troops in the center of Homs.
On January 15, representatives from Western countries and the Arab Gulf States met in Kuwait for a donor conference to support the victims of the civil war in Syria. According to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations received aid pledges totaling 2.4 billion dollars.
According to SOHR, more than 1,000 people had been killed in the two-week fighting between the radical Islamist ISIL and the other rebel groups by January 16. The Director General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Ahmet Üzümcü , said that the agreed timetable for the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons would be delayed. Instead of the end of March, the most dangerous toxins would probably not be destroyed until the end of June. Of the estimated 560 t, only 16 t have so far been loaded onto the Danish transport ship Ark Futura . In a suicide attack in the east Lebanese city of Hermel, which is considered a stronghold of Hezbollah, an ally of Assad, 4 people were killed and 26 others injured.
On January 17, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Muallim said at a press conference in Moscow that he had presented Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov with a proposal for a local ceasefire for Aleppo during a meeting in preparation for the peace talks in Geneva. A corresponding agreement could serve as an example for other cities. In addition, the Syrian government is ready to exchange lists of prisoners who are eligible for an exchange. Representatives of the rebels expressed skepticism about the offer. According to Western security services, Russia has recently massively increased military aid to the Syrian government. In addition to the delivery of armored vehicles, drones and guided weapons, Russian military experts have continuously provided help with the electronic reconnaissance of rebel positions. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) reported that a rebel alliance had expelled the fighters of the radical Islamist ISIL from the strategically important city of Saraqeb in northern Syria. Rocket fire from Syria killed at least 7 people in the Lebanese border town of Arsal .
On January 18, after two days of deliberations, a majority of the participants in a meeting of the Syrian National Coalition (SNC) - the most important alliance of the Syrian opposition in exile - decided to take part in the planned peace talks in Geneva. On the sidelines of the meeting in Istanbul, numerous Kurds demonstrated who did not feel they were adequately involved in the upcoming conference. In a gesture of goodwill in view of the forthcoming peace talks in Geneva, the Syrian government allowed the delivery of 200 food packages to the enclosed Yarmuk refugee camp for the first time in months. Most of the food was handed over to the Palestinian organization PFLP-GC , which is allied with the Syrian government, and had it carried to the camp by its own people. It is to be distributed to families in need by Palestinian committees, so that no food falls into the hands of rebel fighters. According to activists, 34 people, including 5 children, were killed in renewed attacks by the Syrian air force on Aleppo and the surrounding area.
On January 19, General Secretary Ban-Ki-moon announced that he had invited Iran to the talks on the first day of the planned peace conference on January 24. According to a report, representatives of the exile opposition threatened to cancel their participation in the conference if the invitation to Iran was not withdrawn. Meanwhile, a few dozen people, including those in need of medical assistance, left the besieged Yarmuk refugee camp. In Bab al-Hawa, a rebel-controlled border crossing to Turkey, 16 people were killed and 20 others injured in a double attack with two car bombs.
On the evening of January 20, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon withdrew his invitation to Iran to participate in the planned peace talks in Montreux / Geneva. His spokesman Martin Nesirky justified this with the fact that the Iranian government was not ready to recognize the results of the first Geneva conference in June 2012. These saw u. a. propose the formation of a transitional government for Syria with the participation of the rebels. Representatives of the Syrian opposition, who had previously threatened to boycott the conference if Iran participated, confirmed their arrival. The USA had also exerted pressure beforehand. In an interview with the French news agency AFP , Syria's President Assad said that he would run for another term in the upcoming presidential elections this year. A report was leaked to news channel CNN and The Guardian newspaper by six internationally recognized law and forensic experts on behalf of a London law firm working for Qatar . In the report, the experts rated a collection of almost 30,000 photos, which they estimate show around 11,000 different corpses, as authentic and indicated traces of torture and malnutrition on many of the bodies shown. A former member of the Syrian military police and his colleagues are said to have taken the pictures while they were working at a collection point for corpses from prisons, before the soldier smuggled them out of the country. The experts found the man credible and concluded that the evidence presented to them could justify charges against the Syrian government for crimes against humanity .
On January 21, the dominant Kurdish organization PYD set up its own provincial government for the areas it controls in northern Syria, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR). Previously, according to her own statement, she had been refused participation in the planned peace talks in Montreux / Geneva.
At the start of the peace talks in Montreux / Geneva on January 22nd, neither representatives of the Syrian government nor the rebels showed any signs of willingness to compromise. Instead, the opening round of the 44 delegations was marked by sharp exchanges and mutual accusations. UN General Secretary Ban Ki-moon urged immediate humanitarian aid deliveries for the cities and districts under siege. The peace talks between the conflicting parties were to be continued on January 24, mediated by the UN special envoy Lakhdar Brahimi in Geneva. Meanwhile, the fighting continued in different parts of the country.
On January 24, talks between the conflicting parties in Geneva were on the verge of collapse. Representatives of the opposition demanded that the government delegation should first accept the results of the talks in Geneva in 2012 (Geneva I) before any direct talks could take place. The representatives of the Syrian government threatened to leave if a face-to-face meeting was not held within one day. In the afternoon, UN mediator Lakhdar Brahimi announced that an agreement had been reached to meet in a room on January 25th. Plans were to be made over the next two days as to how humanitarian aid for the population could get to the parts of Homs that were besieged by Syrian government troops. Activists reported that in Yarmuk the number of people who died due to the blockade from lack of food and from lack of medicine had risen to 63. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay warned that preventing relief supplies could reach the level of a war crime. The besieged Eastern Ghouta was under fire from government troops. The fighting continued in Aleppo's old town.
On January 26th, the delegations negotiated on the second day, with the mediation of UN envoy Brahimi, about improving the situation of the people in the inner city of Homs, which has been enclosed by government troops for months. The government offered that women and children could leave the city unmolested. According to activists, local rebels insisted that the blockade be lifted completely. The spokesman for the government delegation, Mekdad, denied the accuracy of a list of names of 47,000 prisoners presented by opposition representatives. There were no signs of political rapprochement between the two sides. At the same time, the fighting continued in the country, on the one hand between rebels and government troops and on the other between Islamist rebels and Kurds. According to SOHR, 26 people have been killed in these clashes since the previous day.
On January 27, the Geneva negotiations brought no progress. UN mediator Brahimi postponed the talks. Also, humanitarian plans envisaged in the previous days, according to which a UN convoy with aid deliveries should be given access to the beleaguered city center of Homs or women and children should be given free exit from there, were not implemented locally. Three weeks after the first action, according to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), components of chemical weapons from stocks of the Syrian army were embarked in the port of Latakia for the second time. In a joint statement, the OPCW and the UN stated, "They expected the Syrian Arab Republic to continue its efforts to complete the complete removal of its chemical weapons safely and within the agreed schedule." According to SOHR, 13 soldiers were killed in a suicide attack on a checkpoint in Rahjan, a predominantly Sunnis-inhabited village in Hama province. Eight rebels were killed in subsequent fighting in the area.
On January 28, it was announced that the United States had resumed military aid to moderate Syrian rebel groups. A large number of light weapons, including anti-tank missiles, had been delivered across the border from Jordan to rebels fighting in southern Syria. In response, the Syrian government broke off the peace talks in Geneva that day and accused the United States of “arming terrorists”. In renewed attacks by the Syrian air force on Aleppo, 13 people were killed.
On January 29, UN mediator Brahimi stated that there was still no substantial progress on the peace talks in Geneva. He considered it a success that the negotiations continued at all. Representatives of the opposition demanded that the talks first focus on the formation of a transitional government, while the government delegation wanted to deal first with the problem of "terrorism".
On January 30, the spokesman for the human rights organization Human Rights Watch (HRW), Ole Solvang, made serious allegations against the Syrian government using satellite images. The government has had civilians' houses demolished on a large scale. The destruction either served no military purpose and would create the appearance of being used as a collective punishment for the population, or, if it was for military purposes, it would cause a disproportionate burden on the civilian population. HRW accused the government of violating martial law because the scope of the demolition was disproportionate, and interpreted martial law in the sense that civil buildings regained their civil status as soon as their military users withdrew. For the first time, the Syrian government allowed the United Nations Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Middle East (UNRWA) to distribute 900 food parcels to families in need in the Yarmuk district near Damascus, which is besieged by Syrian government troops. Eleven people, including three children, were killed in attacks by the Syrian air force on Aleppo. Fierce fighting and attacks across the country left numerous other soldiers and civilians dead.
On January 31, the first round of peace talks in Geneva ended with no progress in ending the civil war. UN mediator Brahimi said he saw more commonalities between the warring parties than they themselves. While the representatives of the opposition confirmed that they wanted to take part in the second round of talks agreed for February 10, the government side wanted to coordinate in Damascus. In the course of ten days of negotiations, no agreement could be reached on humanitarian aid for the city of Homs, where thousands of civilians have no access to food and medicine. The Russian Foreign Ministry said that Syrian officials had offered to withdraw women and children from the siege, while opposition officials demanded that wounded rebel fighters be allowed to withdraw freely. From the perspective of the Syrian Red Crescent, the government's offer of women and children to move out was not the best solution as it would not include all civilians, separate families and increase the pressure on the remaining civilians. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) put the number of people killed during the ten-day talks in Syria at 1,870, including 450 civilians, 40 of whom died in areas enclosed by the Syrian army due to a lack of supplies. US Secretary of State John Kerry alleged that the Syrian government was delaying the agreed removal of chemical weapons. A representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry denied the allegations.
February
On February 1, ISIL fighters killed 26 people in a two car bomb attack in northern Aleppo. Among them was a leader of the Tawheed Brigades, who was apparently the target of the attack. Elsewhere, according to SOHR, fighters of the ISIL gained ground in the fighting among rebel groups that has been going on since the beginning of the year: They conquered a border area known as al-Raa'i with Turkey and the Koniko natural gas field in the eastern province of Deir al-Zor . In the southern Deraa province, rebels of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) reportedly launched an offensive against government troops and have already declared that they have taken control posts of the Syrian army and destroyed tanks. On the same day, another 23 people in Aleppo were allegedly killed in another bombing raid by government troops.
On February 2, bombing by the Syrian air force on Aleppo left 36 people dead, according to SOHR, bringing the total number of casualties to well over 100 in recent days.
On February 3, 26 people died in a bomb attack by the Syrian air force on Aleppo, according to SOHR. The ongoing bombing triggered a new wave of civilian refugees from the rebel-controlled eastern part of the city. In January 2014, according to SOHR, the conflict in Syria reached the highest number in a month with 5,794 fatalities.
On February 4, a report on the situation of children in Syria for the period from March 1, 2011 to November 15, 2013, was published by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to the UN Security Council. Serious allegations are made against the warring parties. Government troops and militias affiliated with the Syrian government are responsible for countless killings, mutilations and torture of children. Rebel groups and Kurdish fighters would recruit children for war and relief services and would not take into account possible civilian victims in their actions. For reasons of lack of accessibility, however, the picture must remain incomplete, especially for certain areas controlled by rebels. Syria's children have been exposed to unspeakable suffering for 3 years, summarized Ban Ki-moon.
On February 5, according to the spokesman for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Michael Luhan, the Syrian government failed to comply with the commitment to surrender all chemical weapons, which it had entered into following international pressure. So far, only slightly more than 4 percent of the specified 1,300 t have been handed over to the organization. According to information provided by paramedics, 15 children were killed in a mosque that was used as a school in further bomb attacks by the Syrian air force on Aleppo. The radical Islamist rebel group ISIL said it had signed a ceasefire with the rebel group Islamic Front in order to end the fighting between the rebels.
On February 6, the United Nations Security Council called on the Syrian government to comply with the commitments it had made and to systematically and sufficiently accelerate the removal of its stocks of chemical weapons for shipment to the port of Latakia in order to meet the deadline for the destruction of these weapons on 30 June 2014 can be complied with. According to a statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs quoted on Syrian state television, a humanitarian agreement was reached in Homs for the civilian population in the old town that was besieged by government troops. Thereafter, “innocent” civilians could be given an opportunity to leave the area once the necessary arrangements have been made. Help should also be allowed for civilians who decided to stay. A UN spokesman said the United Nations welcomed the agreement but was not part of it. Humanitarian and medical supplies are ready for immediate distribution as soon as both parties give the green light. Fighters from the rebel groups al-Nusra and Ahrar al-Scham attacked the central prison in Aleppo, occupied parts of the facility and, according to their own statements, freed hundreds of prisoners. Syrian state television, however, reported that the attack had been repulsed by government troops. The prison had been besieged by the rebels for months. The fighting continued. Another 11 people were killed in attacks by the Syrian air force in Aleppo. The SOHR also reported on further fighting between rebel groups and government troops in all parts of the country, which claimed countless other victims. Clashes between fighters of the radical Islamist ISIS and other rebel groups continued near the Turkish border. A spokesman for Suqor al-Sham, a rebel group within the Islamic Front, denied that there had been a ceasefire agreement between his group and ISIL.
On February 7, civilians were evacuated from the besieged old town of Homs for the first time, accompanied by representatives of the Syrian Red Crescent. According to Homs Governor Talal al-Barazi, these should include children under 15, men over 55 and women. According to activists, they would be taken to al-Waar, an area in the neighborhood of Homs to which numerous Sunni residents of the city had already fled. According to Russian information, the action is the first stage of a three-day humanitarian ceasefire. Syrian Deputy Foreign Minister Faisal al-Miqdad said that the Syrian government would also take part in the next round of peace talks in Geneva, calling for an "article by article" discussion of the communiqué reached at the end of the Geneva talks in 2012. In Aleppo, according to SOHR, government troops were able to recapture most of the central prison that had been captured by rebels the day before. According to this information, 20 soldiers, 21 rebels and 5 prisoners were killed there in the last two days of fighting. Syrian Air Force planes continued their attacks on Aleppo.
On February 8, on the second day of the agreed fire break, a UN convoy with relief supplies reached the besieged old town of Homs for the first time. As a result of repeated violations of the armistice, the transport was only able to start late. Since the distribution of the relief supplies also came under fire, only a small part of the relief supplies could be distributed. Opposition and government officials blamed each other for violations of the humanitarian agreement. The United Nations Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Middle East (UNRWA) had to suspend the distribution of relief supplies in the Palestinian neighborhood of Yarmouk near Damascus because new fighting broke out between rebels and government troops. In Aleppo, according to SOHR, another 20 people were killed when so-called "barrel bombs" were dropped from helicopters of the Syrian air force. In the eastern province of Deir ez-Zor, fighting between rebels from the al-Nusra Front and the Ahrar al-Sham on the one hand and fighters of the radical Islamist ISIL on the other resulted in 20 deaths.
On February 9, more than 600 people escorted by helpers from the Syrian Red Crescent and the United Nations were able to leave the old city of Homs, including some men of military age who were arrested by government security forces. A small amount of relief supplies could also be distributed given the fragile armistice in Homs. Governor al-Barazi and representatives of the Red Crescent said they would try to extend the ceasefire. According to information from activists, 5 people were killed by shelling in the old town of Homs on both days of the action. In Aleppo, attacks by the Syrian air force left 11 people dead. In the central province of Hama, 25 people were killed when Islamist rebels took the Alawi village of Maan. While there was talk of a massacre of women and children on Syrian state television, according to the rebels it was members of a militia close to the government. According to SOHR, 20 members of the security forces and 12 rebels were killed in further clashes in the province.
On February 10, the peace talks between the warring parties were resumed in Geneva under the leadership of the UN mediator Lakhdar Brahimi . However, there was no direct meeting between the two delegations. Instead, Brahimi, in one-on-one meetings, urged representatives on both sides to focus on finding a way to end the fighting and establish a transitional government. Outside the conference rooms, the opposition and government sides publicly covered themselves with accusations and reservations. In Homs the ceasefire was extended for 3 more days. According to a spokesman for the Red Crescent, more than 300 other people were able to leave the besieged old town during the day. A small amount of relief supplies could also be distributed in the city. In Latakia, a third shipment of Syrian chemical weapons was handed over to the international community and embarked. The SOHR specified its information from the previous day about the capture of the Alawi village of Maan by the radical Islamist group Jund al-Aqsa to the effect that at least 21 civilians and 20 members of a militia affiliated with the government were killed. The radical Islamist ISIL withdrew from the oil-rich province of Deir ez-Zor after days of heavy fighting with other rebel groups.
According to UN mediator Brahimi, negotiations in Geneva also made little progress on February 11. The two delegations met face to face, but representatives from both sides spoke of a lost day following the round table. The evacuation of civilians from the besieged old town of Homs and the supply of the remaining people with relief supplies have been suspended for a day for logistical reasons, according to the local governor Barazi. A spokeswoman for the United Nations Refugee Agency UNHCR expressed concern about the fate of 336 men arrested for questioning by Syrian security forces after leaving the old city. Your security was part of an agreement. A draft resolution presented to the United Nations Security Council by the ambassadors of Australia, Jordan and Luxembourg, which, in addition to access to humanitarian aid for besieged areas, should also call for the end of air and artillery attacks on urban areas and the withdrawal of foreign fighters, was approved by Russia's Foreign Minister Lavrov as rejected unilaterally. In the vicinity of Aleppo, 10 people are said to have been killed in bombing by the Syrian air force.
On February 12, the representatives of the opposition presented a memorandum to the negotiations in Geneva on the design of a transition to an end to the civil war. The most important points mentioned were the formation of a transitional government, the establishment of a ceasefire monitored by the United Nations and the expulsion of all foreign fighters. The fate of the previous Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was not mentioned in the text. The government delegation did not respond directly, but continued to insist that the “fight against terrorism” should be discussed first. In New York, diplomatic talks continued on a UN Security Council resolution to secure supplies of aid to civilians. The Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Gatilov alleged that the draft submitted by Western and Arab countries paved the way for future military actions with the threat of sanctions in the event of non-compliance. Western diplomats accused the Russian side of wanting to buy time until the end of the Olympic Games in Sochi. According to SOHR, the Syrian Air Force flew attacks on the strategically important city of Yabrud, located in the border area with Lebanon. In fighting between local rebels and fighters from the al-Nusra Front on the one hand and militias loyal to the government and Hezbollah fighters on the other hand in the area, 17 people were killed.
On February 13, after talks with diplomats from the Russian and US governments, UN mediator Brahimi said that they had promised him support in his efforts to get the faltering peace talks between the civil war parties moving. Representatives of Russia said they had presented a draft resolution of the UN Security Council to combat “terrorism” in Syria, which contained a separate plan for securing humanitarian aid. The humanitarian ceasefire in Homs has been extended by a further 3 days. According to the governor of Homs, al-Barazi, around 1,400 civilians have so far been able to leave the besieged old town, 220 of whom are still being held for questioning. Opposition activists complained that the intensity of the fighting in the country had increased during the Geneva talks, killing an average of more than 230 people a day. The Syrian Air Force dropped barrel bombs again on rebel-held areas near Aleppo and Damascus, as well as on al-Zara near Homs.
On February 14th, UN mediator Brahimi informed the negotiating delegations in Geneva that he was planning a third round of talks between the civil war parties, but did not give a date. Diplomats from Russia and the USA blamed the opposition and the government for the lack of progress in the negotiations. According to the spokesman for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rupert Colville, a wave of refugees from the Syrian border town of Yabrud began to flee to Lebanon in view of a feared offensive by Syrian government troops and fighters from the Lebanese Hezbollah militia allied with them. According to SOHR, 31 people were killed in a car bomb attack in al-Yadouda, a rebel-controlled border town with Jordan. Fighters of the radical Islamist ISIL executed 21 people near Aleppo, including members of fighters from rival rebel groups.
On February 15, the negotiations between the civil war parties in Geneva ended after a thirty-minute conversation with no result. UN mediator Lakhdar Brahimi apologized to the Syrian people for its failure. Brahimi said that at the end he had presented an agenda for another round of talks, which should first have dealt with ending the violence and then with the formation of a transitional government. The Syrian government rejected this. The SOHR announced that, according to its findings, the number of fatalities in the conflict had exceeded 140,000. The aid organization UNRWA asked the Syrian authorities to give her access to the besieged Yarmuk near Damascus again. UNRWA spokesman Chris Gunness warned that the lack of supplies for more than a week could have devastating effects on the trapped population. The evacuation of civilians from Homs and supplies to those left behind in Homs have been interrupted. The governor al-Barazi blamed "armed groups" for this. The chairman of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Peter Maurer , expressed concern about the fate of some 200 men and boys among the evacuees who were still being held by Syrian security authorities.
On February 16, it was announced that the FSA was replacing General Selim Idriss as commander-in-chief and replaced by Colonel Abdelilah al-Bashir . The move was justified with an ineffective leadership in the last few months. Lebanese Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said that his militia fighters would continue to fight alongside government forces in Syria. Fighting between different groups continued in all parts of the country. One focus was the strategically important border town of Yabrud, the surroundings and outskirts of which, according to SOHR, were fired at by Syrian government troops with artillery. According to activists, so-called barrel bombs were again dropped on Aleppo, claiming fatalities. Government troops and rebels fought each other in various parts of the city with varying degrees of success. The fighting between the Kurdish PYD militia and Islamist rebels, as well as between fighters of the radical Islamist ISIL and other rebel groups continued.
On February 17, Syrian government troops recaptured the Alawites-inhabited village of Maan in Hama province, an alleged massacre of civilians when it was captured by Islamist rebels on February 9. The Syrian Air Force bombed the old town of Homs on the second day. The state news agency SANA reported a power outage in the provinces of Tartous, Hama, Latakia, Idlib and Aleppo after attacks on high-voltage lines. For Babila, a southern suburb of Damascus, a local ceasefire between rebels and government troops came into effect after months of siege without humanitarian aid for the population. In exchange for permission to deliver food, the rebels had to agree to surrender their heavy weapons and allow the government flag to be hoisted over the area. Similar agreements had previously been concluded for the suburbs of Moadamieh, Qudsaya, Beit Sahm, Yalda, Barseh and Jarmuk. In the past months of the siege, up to 100 people had died in the places because of the lack of food and medicine. Four people were killed in fighting in the region around the city of Yabrud. In the province of Aleppo, the leader of the Kurdish Front, Alaa Jabbu, was killed in an artillery fire by government troops.
February 18 was again marked by attacks by the Syrian air force with so-called barrel bombs in various parts of the country. In one of these attacks on the Palestinian refugee camp Mzairib, 18 people were killed near a school. Fighting between rebels and government troops continued in Aleppo and the Yabrud region, according to SOHR.
On February 19, new differences emerged within the rebel groups supported by the West. Several regional commanders said they would not accept the replacement of the previous military chief of the Free Syrian Army (FSA), Selim Idriss. The human rights organization Human Rights Watch (HRW) accused the government troops of using cluster munitions in shelling the rebel-controlled city of Kafar Zeita on February 12 and 13 . 10 people were killed in a suicide attack against the Iranian Cultural Center in Beirut. The so-called Abdullah Azzam Brigades, which are part of the al-Qaeda terror network, claimed responsibility for the attack. The group said it would continue its attacks until the Shiite Hezbollah militia gives up its support for the Syrian government forces.
According to activists, the fighting over the strategically important city of Yabrud came to a head on February 20, when government troops, as well as pro-government militias and Hezbollah fighters advanced to the outskirts of the city. In Aleppo, according to SOHR, eight government soldiers were killed and 20 wounded in a triple suicide attack by fighters from the al-Nusra front.
On February 21, the Syrian Air Force stepped up its attacks in the southern Deraa province, according to activists . According to this information, the attacks were related to an offensive announced by spokesmen for the rebels in the region. In Homs, Governor al-Barazi stated that 38 of the men evacuated from the besieged old town had been released and 195 were still being held for review. The United Nations had given the number of detainees at around 380 at the beginning of the week. Representatives of the UN are present at the investigation center and are carefully monitoring the process. The Syrian government presented the joint OPCW-UN mission with a 100-day plan to withdraw all chemical weapons from the country. UN diplomats doubted whether the agreed deadline for the destruction of all chemical weapons on June 30, 2014 could be met on this basis.
On February 22nd, after days of negotiations, the United Nations UN Security Council unanimously passed resolution 2139, in which all warring parties, especially the Syrian government, were asked to immediately allow UN aid organizations to provide rapid, unimpeded and safe humanitarian aid across front and border lines . Furthermore, all attacks on civilians and the use of indiscriminate weapons in densely populated areas should cease. The Security Council called on rebels and government troops alike to fight against al-Qaeda and groups and people close to it. Kurdish fighters captured the strategically important location of Tal Brak in the northeast of the country from Islamist rebels. According to SOHR, at least 28 fighters were killed. According to their own statements, the Kurdish units also took numerous prisoners.
According to activists in Atmeh, a rebel-controlled border town with Turkey, on February 23, 14 people were killed and 70 wounded in a car bomb attack on a field hospital. In a suicide attack by members of the radical Islamist ISIL on the headquarters of the Islamist rebel group Ahrar al-Sham in Aleppo, its commander Abu Chaled al-Suri was killed. Suri was considered a confidante of the current leader of al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahiri .
On the night of February 24th, according to unconfirmed information, Israeli fighter planes attacked a Hezbollah base in the Janda region in the border area between Lebanon and Syria with rockets. According to SOHR, 26 people were killed in attacks by the Syrian air force in various parts of the country.
On February 25, an audio message was released from the leader of the al-Nusra Front and representative of al-Qaeda in Syria, Abu Mohammed al-Golani, in which he called on the fighters of the rival ISIL to mediate within five days Religious schools agree to end the fighting between groups. Otherwise he threatened ISIL with a "war to the point of annihilation". During fighting in the Aleppo region, government troops, supported by paramilitary militias, gained ground against rebels in the vicinity of the airport, according to SOHR. At least 17 rebels were killed. According to activists, areas around the city of Yabrud were again fired at by Syrian government troops with artillery. The fighting between the various parties to the conflict continued in other parts of the country as well. The SOHR put the number of deaths nationwide on that day at 222.
On February 26, the Syrian state media reported that 175 rebels were killed in a raid by Syrian government troops on a group of rebels from the al-Nusra Front and Liwa al-Islam near Otaiba, a town in the area of Eastern Ghouta near Damascus , including numerous foreign fighters. According to SOHR, the attack was led by fighters from Lebanese Hezbollah.
On February 27, representatives of the opposition National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces (SNC) declared that most of the people killed the day before near Otaiba were civilian refugees who tried to escape from the besieged Eastern Ghouta. The United Nations have been asked to investigate the massacre.
On February 28, the ISIL fighters withdrew from the city of Azaz, 5 kilometers south of the Turkish border, which they had captured five months earlier from other rebel groups and the area around which was most recently the scene of fierce fighting. According to SOHR, 3,300 people have died in fighting among the rebels since the beginning of the year. Two people were killed and five others injured in an attack by the Syrian air force on the Sunni-inhabited border town of Arsal in Lebanon.
March
According to activists, on March 1, 13 people were killed and many others injured in an attack by the Syrian Air Force on the village of Kfar Tarakhim in the northwestern province of Idlib.
On March 2, the ceasefire concluded for the former Palestinian camp in Yarmuk collapsed when new fighting broke out between rebels on the one hand and government-loyal troops and militias and fighters of the PFLP-GC on the other. The UN spokesman in Damascus, Chris Gunness, expressed deep concern about the disruption of aid supplies over the devastating humanitarian situation. According to activists, more than 100 people have died of starvation or hunger-related diseases in Yarmuk as a result of the siege by government forces that has been going on for almost a year.
On March 3, dozens of people were killed in heavy fighting in the area of Yabrud, a strategically important city on the border with Lebanon, according to SOHR, including 17 rebel fighters, 15 members of the Syrian military and allied militias and at least 4 Hezbollah fighters. Syrian Air Force planes again attacked the outskirts of the Lebanese border town of Arsal. In return, rebels from the al-Nusra Front fired rockets at the Lebanese town of Brital, which is a Hezbollah stronghold.
On March 4, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) announced that a third of the 1,300 metric tons of chemical weapons of the Syrian army had been handed over to the organization and taken out of the country.
On March 5, Syrian warplanes again attacked the area around the Lebanese city of Arsal, whose residents were considered “rebel-friendly” and in whose area many refugees from Syria had fled, with rockets. According to SOHR, the Syrian Air Force also bombed Aleppo and Yabrud. Fighters from the Kurdish PYD militia withdrew from the village of Tal Barrak following agreements with local dignitaries. In its seventh report covering the period from July 2013 to January 15, 2014, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry into the Situation of Human Rights in Syria accused the warring parties of countless war crimes. In addition, by failing to act, it made the United Nations Security Council jointly responsible for the fact that the warring parties could violate the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Civilians with impunity. Israeli troops killed two Hezbollah fighters in the border area with the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights who, according to an army spokesman, were trying to plant a bomb on the border fence.
On March 6, 5 people were killed and 22 injured in a car bomb attack in Hama, according to the Syrian state television. According to activists, the attack was targeted at a headquarters of the security forces. Another car bomb attack in a government-controlled neighborhood of Homs killed 13 civilians and injured more than 30, according to a government official. According to SOHR, two ISIL suicide bombers blew themselves up in a beleaguered government base in Raqqa province. Fierce fighting raged in Morek and Chan Sheikhun between government troops and rebels over control of the strategically important road link between Hama and Idlib. According to SOHR, 15 government soldiers were killed.
On March 7th, attack helicopters of the Syrian Air Force dropped barrel bombs on the rebel-held city of Yabrud in the border area with Lebanon, killing at least 6 people. In Maslamieh and Aleppo, people were also victims of air strikes. According to a monthly report by activists, more than 1,000 civilians died in Aleppo in February alone as a result of the civil war. According to SOHR, 14 members of the government security forces and 9 rebels were killed in the ongoing fighting over the town of Morek.
By March 15, the death toll rose to 10 in three-day fighting between supporters of Syrian leader Assad and supporters of the rebels in the northern Lebanese city of Tripoli, according to security sources. More than 50 people were wounded.
On March 16, government troops and pro-government militias, together with allied fighters of the Lebanese Hezbollah, captured the strategically important location of Yabrud on the border with Lebanon. Syrian military authorities reported that around 1,400 fighters from the FSA, Ahrar al-Sham and other groups had fled the place on the previous days, while 1,000 others who are said to have belonged to the Al-Nusra front withdrew after heavy fighting in the Night and early morning hours of the day in the surrounding villages. The majority of the 40,000 to 50,000 residents had fled Yabrud in the face of heavy bombing by government troops in recent months. According to the Syrian military sources, 14 of the 18 border crossings to Lebanon are now under control and the remaining four are planned to be secured over the next few days. According to SOHR, 19 members of the Hezbollah militia were killed in the fighting. According to the Lebanese news agency LNNA, 7 dead and 100 wounded were admitted to the Lebanese border town of Arsal.
On March 18, 4 soldiers from an Israeli army patrol on the Golan Heights, which Israel has occupied since 1967, were injured in a bomb attack near the border fence with Syria. In response, Israeli artillery fired Syrian army positions in the area beyond the fence. The United States ordered the closure of all Syrian government diplomatic and consular facilities in the United States and ordered all diplomats and personnel to leave by the end of the month.
On March 19, the Israeli Air Force attacked Syrian military positions near Qunaitra in the early hours of the morning in yet another retaliation for the previous day's bombing. According to a Syrian military spokesman, one Syrian soldier was killed and seven others wounded. According to activists, rebels captured the Gharaz Central Prison on the outskirts of the city of Deraa near the border with Jordan from Syrian government troops. According to the SOHR, 300 prisoners were liberated. In the area southwest of the previously captured border town of Yabrud, Syrian government troops also captured the village of Ras al-Ain, supported by Hezbollah fighters. The Lebanese army advanced in the Beka Valley to ease tensions between Shiite and Sunni sections of the local population. These had risen after Lebanese border towns came under fire in the course of the fighting over Yabrud. In addition, after their defeat among the refugees from Yabrud, numerous rebels poured into the city of Arsal, which is predominantly inhabited by Sunnis. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), 20 members of the radical Islamist ISIL were killed in fighting with Kurdish militias in Hassakeh .
On March 20, the United Nations refugee organization announced that Syrians had made the largest number of asylum applications in industrialized countries for the first time in 2013. Afghans and Russians took second and third place. The number of Syrians who applied for asylum in Europe has increased by 32% compared to the previous year. The majority wanted to go to Germany, followed by Sweden and France. After a three-month siege, Syrian government troops took the crusader castle Krak des Chevaliers, a world heritage site, and the town of al-Hosn at its foot. According to Lebanese medical personnel, 8 rebels were killed and 41 injured during their escape through a river to nearby Lebanon. According to the Lebanese news agency LNNA, Lebanese villages in the Wadi Chaled region were also hit by bullets from the army. The OPCW said that with the eleventh handover of toxic chemicals during the day, 54% of the chemical weapons declared by the Syrian government had been destroyed or surrendered. For the first time, trucks carrying United Nations humanitarian aid were able to cross the border into Syria from Turkey near Nusaybin. The goods were intended for the region around Qamishli , which is predominantly inhabited by Kurds .
On March 21, 11 people died as a result of fighting between supporters and opponents of Syrian President Assad in the northern Lebanese port city of Tripoli.
On 22 March conquered rebels of the al-Nusra Front and Ahrar al-Sham Brigade on the second day of an offensive in the province of Latakia with Kessab one of the last border crossings between Syria and Turkey, which had still been in the hands of government forces . According to SOHR, the fighting claimed 13 deaths among the rebels and 16 deaths among government soldiers and militias loyal to the government and continued.
On March 23, Turkish F-16 fighter jets shot down a Syrian MiG-23 military aircraft in the border area with Syria . According to Syrian information, the pilot was able to save himself with the ejection seat. The incident - for which both governments blamed each other - took place in the area around the Kessab border crossing. Heavy fighting between rebels and units loyal to the government continued there. According to Syrian state television, Hilal al-Assad, a cousin of the Syrian head of state and local leader of the pro-government NDF militia, was killed. According to the SOHR, rebels started another offensive in Solas 25 km south of Kessab. In the southern part of Beirut, one person was killed and ten others injured in shootings between supporters and opponents of Syrian President Assad.
On March 24, the fierce fighting over the village of Kessab, which is inhabited by Armenian Christians, and the nearby border crossing continued. According to activists, government troops tried to push back the rebels with the help of reinforcements and support from the air force. Rebels fired rockets at the port city of Latakia, killing 8 people. The human rights organization Human Rights Watch (HRW) said that for the period from the beginning of November 2013 to the end of February 2014 alone, satellite images showed the impact of 340 "highly explosive, unguided bombs" in the rebel-controlled part of Aleppo. After units of the rebels took up some strategic positions in Aleppo over the weekend, troops of the Assad government responded again by dropping barrel bombs from helicopters. In the north-east of the country, SOHR units of the military arm of the Kurdish organization PYD, the YPG, fought fierce fighting with the radical Islamist ISIL in the Tal Abyad area. According to the PYD, 60 ISIL fighters have been killed in the past few days.
On March 25, according to activists, Islamist rebels captured the first strip of territory on the Mediterranean coast in the village of Samra in the province of Latakia. According to the SOHR, 14 pro-Assad fighters and 6 rebels, mostly foreign jihadists, died in the fighting over a strategically important mountain near the Kessab border crossing. 75 injured rebels from the fighting of the last few days were transported to Turkey for further medical care. During the occupation of the Christian kessab , the Islamists tried for the first time to present themselves in a new light by publishing videos of fighters protecting a church.
On March 26, heavy fighting in the border area of Kessab in Latakia province continued for the sixth day in a row. According to activists, rebel fighters tried to advance further into the province's Alawi heartland and attacked government troops in Qastal Maaf and Nabaain. The SOHR estimated the death toll on both sides at around one hundred each. In the Lebanese port city of Tripoli, three people were again killed in skirmishes between supporters and opponents of the Syrian head of state Assad.
On March 27, government troops attempted to push back the rebel forces in the north of the province of Latakia by means of air strikes and artillery fire. According to SOHR, 13 rebels and 23 soldiers and members of militias close to the government were killed in fighting there. In the border area with Lebanon, government troops advanced into action on the town of Flita. In the province of Deir al-Zor , fighters from the al-Nusra front and the ISIL fought for control of the Jafra oil field and the Conoco natural gas field after the nearby town of Busaira had been taken by the ISIL the day before, according to SOHR was.
On March 28, fierce fighting continued in all parts of the country. The focus was again on the north of the province of Latakia and the border region with Lebanon. In the Kessab area, attempts by government troops to push back the rebels were unsuccessful. According to SOHR, the fighting in the area, which has lasted for a week, resulted in 150 deaths between government troops and allied militias alone. Thousands of people are on the run in the direction of Latakia. The Syrian air force bombed the town of Flita in the border region with Lebanon. UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Valerie Amos informed the members of the United Nations Security Council that, notwithstanding Resolution 2139 of February 22, there was no progress in providing humanitarian and medical supplies to civilians in areas besieged by Syrian government forces. Above all, she blamed the Syrian government for the fact that even a month after the decision, more than 3 million people in Syria were still lacking essentials.
On March 29, according to the Syrian state television, Syrian government troops, supported by fighters from the Lebanese Hezbollah, captured the two villages of Flita and Ras Maara in the Qalamun Mountains on the border with Lebanon. According to the Lebanese news agency LNNA, around 700 people fled the area across the border towards Arsal. On the Lebanese side of the border near Arsal, 3 soldiers were killed and 4 others injured in a suicide car bomb attack on a Lebanese army checkpoint. Islamist groups had threatened attacks on the Lebanese army because they believed it was working with the Shiite Hezbollah. According to SOHR fighters from ISIL, they took control of the town of Markada on the border with Iraq. According to SOHR, more than 50 people lost their lives on the part of ISIL as well as their opponents, fighters from the al-Nusra Front and other rebels.
According to activists, the fighting in the northern part of the province of Latakia between rebels and government troops and militias loyal to the government continued unabated on March 30, claiming numerous victims on both sides. In the Qalamun Mountains on the border with Lebanon, government troops, supported by Hezbollah fighters, advanced to the village of Rankous. The Syrian Air Force dropped barrel bombs again on rebel-controlled districts of Aleppo. At least 4 people were killed. In return, rebels fired at government-controlled neighborhoods, killing 2 civilians and injuring at least 4 others.
On March 31, government troops and pro-government militias attempted a counteroffensive to push back the rebels in the province of Latakia. According to the Syrian state television, they succeeded in recapturing the strategically important "Lookout 45". According to SOHR, more than 1,000 people have been killed or wounded on both sides on this front since the rebels' “al-Anfal” offensive began on March 21. Syrian information minister Omran Zoabi accused Turkey of sending fighters across the border. Turkish artillery fired across the border after a missile hit a mosque on Turkish territory and injured a woman.
April
On April 1, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) announced that more than 150,000 people had been killed since the beginning of the civil war in March 2011, according to its census. Among them are more than 50,000 civilians and among them almost 8,000 children. According to SOHR, 31 people were killed in an air raid with so-called barrel bombs on the town of Maaret al-Artiq in Aleppo province.
On April 2nd, fierce fighting was reported again from all parts of the country. In the north of the province of Latakia, according to activists, rebel groups threw back the attack by government troops and militia loyal to the government on the strategically important "Lookout 45". Syrian Air Force helicopters again dropped barrel bombs on neighborhoods in Aleppo, killing 5 people. Rebels shelled downtown Damascus with mortars, killing 5 people, according to the Syrian state news agency SANA. The scene of bitter fighting with numerous deaths on both sides was, according to SOHR, the eastern suburbs of the capital Damascus, Jobar, Douma and Mliha. The fighting in the Qalamun Mountains and Deraa also continued.
On April 3, the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) announced that the registration of an 18-year-old student from Homs officially numbered one million Syrian refugees in Lebanon. With a population of 4 million, the proportion of refugees in the country is now the largest in the world. The High Commissioner for Refugees, Antonio Guterres, said the situation posed massive problems for the small country. Guterres urged the international community to provide support, not least “to stop the further erosion of peace and security within an already fragile society”. The focal points of the military conflicts continued to be the north of the province of Latakia and the eastern suburbs of Damascus. In Latakia, according to SOHR, more than 30 people were killed in the fighting alone over the strategically important "Lookout Point 45", the control of which had changed several times in the previous days. According to various sources, one of the victims of the fighting was also the Moroccan Brahim Benchakroun, leader of the Islamist Sham al-Islam movement. The Syrian government informed the joint OPCW-United Nations mission that it was suspending the removal of its chemical weapons in view of the security situation in the province of Latakia. According to SOHR, the suburbs of Damascus, Mliha and Jobar were also particularly hotly contested. The Syrian government army also used surface-to-surface missiles. According to the Syrian news agency, rebels again fired mortar shells on government-controlled parts of Damascus. Six children were killed and numerous other people were injured.
On April 4th, according to activists, Islamist rebels captured the town of Babolin on the highway between Damascus and Aleppo from government troops. According to SOHR, 18 soldiers were killed. The fighting was part of the month-long dispute over control of an important stretch of road between Morek and Maaret al-Numan . In Aleppo, 11 people were killed in an air strike on the rebel-controlled Schaar district. The fighting in the eastern suburbs of Damascus continued, according to activists, as well as in the north of the province of Latakia. According to the state-run Syrian news agency SANA, 22 people in the predominantly Christian district of Bab Touma were injured in Damascus by renewed mortar fire by the rebels. Turkish artillery fired once again, according to a statement by the army command, across the border in response to projectiles that had hit the border town of Yayladadi in Hatay province. In an audio message, al-Qaeda leader Aiman al-Zawahri once again called on the rival Islamist groups to accept “independent, Islamic mediation” in order to end the months of fighting among themselves.
On April 6, according to SOHR, at least 29 rebels were killed in the explosion of a car in the al-Jajj market in the old town of Homs. Various statements were made about the cause of the explosion. The fierce fighting over the eastern suburbs of Damascus and the north of the province of Latakia continued. According to the Syrian state news agency SANA, 2 people were killed and 8 others wounded at the opera house when rebels fired mortars on the center of Damascus. According to activists, helicopters of the Syrian Air Force dropped barrel bombs again in the provinces of Aleppo, Deraa and Latakia.
On April 7, a UN spokesman announced that the size of the food parcels for Syrian refugees would have to be reduced by a fifth, as the United Nations has so far only received 1.1 billion of the 2.3 billion promised by donor countries at the aid conference in January Billion US dollars. WFP Executive Director Amir Abdullah reached 4.1 million people in Syria with food aid last month. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees, António Guterres, put the number of refugees within Syria (displaced persons) at a total of 6.5 million, while the number of those who had left the country is now around 3 million. The costly fighting in the suburbs of Damascus continued. Rebel officials reported successes in Aleppo and the province of Quneitra on the border with Israel. In the rebel-controlled old town of Homs, the Dutch Jesuit priest Frans van der Lugt (75) was murdered by a masked stranger. All sides expressed disgust at the act.
On April 8, according to the SOHR government troops led by the Lebanese Hezbollah militia, opened their final offensive on Rankus, one of the last villages in the Qalamun Mountains in the border area with Lebanon under the control of the rebels, and conquered a strategically important hill and circled the city a. For the first time in 10 months, a delivery of humanitarian aid reached the rebel-held districts of Aleppo, as the spokesman for the Red Crescent, Khaled Erksoussi, told AFP.
On April 9, Syrian government troops, together with fighters from Lebanese Hezbollah, captured the city of Rankus on the border with Lebanon. With the fall of Rankus, the rebels lost the last major town in the Qalamun Mountains. At the same time, an important supply line for the rebels in the vicinity of the capital Damascus was interrupted. Fighting in the region, which had been going on for six months, had forced tens of thousands of people to flee to Lebanon. According to the Syrian state news agency SANA, at least 25 people were killed and more than 100 were injured in the detonation of two car bombs in the Karm al-Loz district of Homs, which is predominantly inhabited by Alawis.
On April 10, the attack by jihadists of the radical Islamist ISIL on Abu Kamal, a city on the border with Iraq controlled by fighters from the al-Nusra Front and local allies, killed 51 people, according to SOHR. According to an AFP reporter, the actual border crossing remained under the control of the FSA while the fighting continued in the city. In Homs, strangers shot 14 people, including children, in the Karm al-Zeitoun district. The warring parties held each other responsible for the act. According to SOHR, numerous mortar shells hit government-controlled districts of Damascus, killing 2 people and wounding 22 others.
On April 11, fighters from al-Nusra and allied militias, according to activists, drove the jihadists of the radical Islamist ISIL out of the border town of Abu Kamal in the province of Deir al-Zor. The SOHR put the number of victims in the two-day clashes at 68. The SOHR also reported bitter fighting and air strikes from Aleppo. Twelve rebels and nine members of the government army or pro-government militias were killed. The fighting also continued in the Qalamun Mountains and around Damascus.
On April 12, both warring parties accused themselves of using poison gas again in the fighting over the village of Kafr Zita in Hama province the day before. According to SOHR, Syrian Air Force planes dropped explosive devices that released gases that led to suffocation and poisoning. Syrian state television claimed fighters from the Al-Nusra Front released chlorine gas, killing 2 people and injuring more than 100. In Aleppo, rebels and government troops fought fierce battles over a military intelligence base in the Zahra district. Syrian Air Force planes bombed rebel-controlled districts, killing 4 rebel fighters in the Rashidun district. According to SOHR, Islamist rebels fired at government-held districts, killing 10 people, including 5 children.
On April 14, Syrian government troops recaptured the pre-war Christian village of Maaloula north of Damascus from rebels. The historic pilgrimage site with important churches and monasteries had changed hands several times and was most recently conquered by Islamist fighters in December 2013.
On April 15, according to state television, Syrian government troops and NDF militias loyal to the government, supported by heavy artillery fire, penetrated into rebel-held parts of the old town of Homs. Government troops, supported by Hezbollah fighters, advanced north of Damascus and took Aasal al-Ward. Heavy fighting in northern Aleppo and the suburbs of Damascus continued. According to the state news agency SANA, a child was killed and 36 other people injured by mortar fire in the Bab Touma district, which is predominantly inhabited by Christians.
On April 16, Jordanian Air Force fighter jets destroyed several vehicles trying to cross the border from Syria. According to press reports, they were probably rebel fighters who wanted to avoid fighting with troops of the Syrian government by crossing the border.
On April 17th, rebels attacked a strategically located barracks in northern Aleppo. According to SOHR, 27 government soldiers and members of militias loyal to the government and 20 rebel fighters were killed in the heavy fighting. Rocket fire by rebels killed at least 11 civilians in the part of Aleppo held by government troops, and another 40 were injured, according to SOHR. The United Nations Representative for Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi , regretted that the outbreak of new fighting in Homs had "brutally interrupted" promising negotiations to end the siege of the Old City. He appealed to the conflicting parties to return to the negotiating table. Rebels put the number of people remaining in the areas of Homs that had been besieged for almost two years at 1,300.
On April 18, according to the Syrian state television, at least 14 people were killed and dozens more injured in a car bomb attack in front of a mosque in the government-controlled part of Homs. At the same time the fighting over the old town continued. The Lebanese border town of Tfail, which can only be reached by road through Syria, was shelled by Syrian government forces. Around 5,000 people from Syria fled to the village in the Qalamun Mountains in the face of fighting between government troops and rebels.
On April 19, UNRWA spokesman Chris Gunness recalled in an interview with the British newspaper The Observer that 18,000 people in the Yarmuk Palestinian camp near Damascus are at risk of starvation due to the siege by Syrian government troops that has been going on for almost 18 months. Although there was an agreement in January on the delivery of aid supplies, it collapsed last month.
On April 20, attacks by the Syrian Air Force on Aleppo killed 29 people in the al-Ferdous district and 14 people in the Baeedeen district, according to SOHR. Five others were victims of so-called "barrel bombs" in the village of Tlajabin. According to SOHR, 16 ISIL fighters were killed in a suicide attack with two car bombs in northeast Syria. The attack was carried out by two members of the rival al-Nusra Front. According to an ISIL statement, the former German rapper Denis Cuspert (“Deso Dogg”) was among the victims .
On April 21, the Syrian government announced presidential elections for June 3, 2014. Representatives of the opposition, the EU and the US government condemned the possibility of an election at the present time and the current circumstances as a “parody of democracy”. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said, "Such an election would be incompatible with the letter and spirit of the Geneva Communiqué," referring to the June 2012 political transition agreement. According to the state news agency SANA, 3 people were killed by mortar fire near the parliament building in central Damascus.
On April 22, activists accused Syrian government forces of repeatedly using chlorine gas in the bombing of Daraya, a suburb of Damascus. Western governments called for an investigation into the allegations. Boris Michel, head of the International Red Cross delegation for Syria, called the escalating violence in the northern part of Aleppo "harrowing and unacceptable". The ICRC urgently awaits government permission to bring relief supplies into the city.
On April 23, the chairmen of the most important humanitarian aid organizations UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO and WFP, together with UN emergency aid coordinator Valerie Amos, issued a joint appeal to the Syrian government and the opposition to finally provide urgently needed humanitarian aid for the millions affected by the civil war To enable people in Syria. The siege of cities and districts such as Aleppo, the old town of Homs or Yarmuk must be ended as well as the bombardment of civilians.
On April 24, at least 48 people were killed in air strikes by the Syrian Air Force in Aleppo province, according to SOHR. 30 of them were killed in an attack on a market square in the village of Atareb. In the Daraa province in southern Syria, according to SOHR, 31 rebels and jihadists and an unknown number of government soldiers were killed during the conquest of the strategically important Tal al-Jabiyeh mountain. According to activists, government forces had used the mountain to bombard rebel-controlled areas.
On April 25, the Ahl al-Sham, an umbrella organization of several Islamist rebel groups affiliated with al-Qaida, announced a ceasefire with the Kurdish militia YPG in Aleppo. Prisoners should be exchanged and the "regime of the Alawites" should be fought together. Again, according to activists, helicopters of the Syrian Air Force dropped barrel bombs on parts of Aleppo controlled by rebels. In the southern Deraa province, according to SOHR, the fighting over some strategically important mountains near the besieged city of Nawa continued.
According to SOHR, by April 26, 45 rebels and 43 members of government troops had been killed in the two days of fighting for strategically important positions in the province of Deraa.
On April 27th, Aleppo was once again the focus of the conflict. As part of an offensive, rebels blew up the building of the Chamber of the Industry Association, which was used by Syrian government troops as their headquarters. According to the SOHR, numerous soldiers were killed or wounded. In addition, according to this information, the rebels fired mortar shells on city districts controlled by government troops. 21 people were killed and 50 injured. In the rebel-held part of Aleppo, 6 people were victims of barrel bombs dropped by helicopters of the Syrian Air Force. According to a spokesman for the Iraqi Interior Ministry, helicopters of the Iraqi army attacked a convoy of tank trucks belonging to the radical Islamist ISIL in eastern Syria. It was the first official deployment of Iraqi government troops in the neighboring country since the beginning of the civil war.
On April 28, President Bashar al-Assad announced his renewed candidacy in the presidential elections scheduled for June 3 through a speaker of parliament. According to the SOHR, government troops and allied militias opened a new offensive against Jobar and Mliha, two rebel-controlled suburbs of Damascus. Fierce fighting raged in Aleppo over the region of Sheikh Najar. According to local activists, the Syrian Air Force dropped numerous "barrel bombs" again. In the parts of Aleppo controlled by government troops, electricity and water supplies returned for the first time in 10 days, presumably due to an agreement between the government and the rebels. Fierce fighting was also reported from the northern province of Latakia, where government forces and allied militias had recaptured the coastal village of Samra the day before.
On April 29, a car bomb attack in the government troop-controlled district of Zahra in Homs killed 36 people and injured 85, according to a Syrian official told the AP news agency. According to the state news agency, 14 people were killed and 86 injured when the Shaghour district of Damascus, which is predominantly inhabited by Shiites, was shot at.
On April 30, activists said at least 19 people were killed in an air strike by the Syrian Air Force on Aleppo in the Ein Jalout school.
May
According to activists, 33 civilians were killed in a market on May 1 in a new attack by the Syrian air force on the rebel-controlled part of Aleppo. In the province of Deir ez-Zor , 21 people were killed in fighting between jihadists of the radical Islamist ISIL and other rebel groups.
On May 2, representatives of the rebels and the government side agreed on a ceasefire agreement for Homs, according to state media. Thereafter, the rebels encircled in the old town should be allowed to withdraw to the north of the province of Homs with their light weapons. After that, the government army will take control of downtown Homs. According to state media, 18 civilians, including 11 children, were killed in two suicide attacks with car bombs in two predominantly Alawi-inhabited towns in the province of Hama. Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri called on the leader of the al-Nusra Front al-Jolani to stop the fight against the rival jihadists of ISIL and to concentrate on the fight against the "Baathists and their allies". At the same time, the ISIL fighters should withdraw from Syria and “double their efforts in Iraq”.
On May 3, the details of the agreement between the government and representatives of the rebels regarding their withdrawal from Homs became more concrete. Thereafter, the rebels should be allowed free retreat in exchange for the release of a group of Iranian officers detained by rebels in Aleppo. In Aleppo, government troops captured the connection road to the airport in the northeast of the city. According to the state news agency SANA, mortar fire by the rebels killed 12 people in a hospital and injured 22 people at the university in the government-controlled part of the city. According to SANA, 3 people were also killed by a mortar in the center of Damascus. According to SOHR, government troops led by Hezbollah militias moved into Mleiha, an eastern suburb of Damascus, after weeks of bombardment. In eastern Syria, rebels from the al-Nusra Front and ISIL jihadists fought bitterly.
On May 4th, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon accused the Al-Arabiya television station of Bashar al-Assad's government of using "bureaucratic resistance" to prevent urgently needed humanitarian aid for millions of people in Syria. The day before, President Assad asked the national aid organizations to improve cooperation. However, “no compromises on national sovereignty” should be made. In the province of Deir ez-Zor, the four days of fighting between fighters from the al-Nusra Front and the ISIL triggered a wave of thousands of people fleeing the Abreeha area, according to SOHR. Abreeha was captured by the al-Nusra front in the previous days. According to the SOHR, 62 fighters were killed. According to a copy of the final agreement on the withdrawal of the remaining rebels and their relatives from the old town of Homs, available to the AFP news agency, this should take place within 48 hours. In return, Lebanese and Iranian prisoners of the rebels should be released and two Shiite towns besieged by rebels in the province of Aleppo should be allowed to receive aid. Mleiha and the outskirts of Aleppo continued to be fiercely contested. According to activists, at least 10 people were killed there in attacks by the Syrian air force.
Negotiations between representatives of the Syrian government and the rebels on the timetable for the planned withdrawal of the rebels from Homs continued on May 5, as the provincial governor Talal Barazi told Al Manar, the television broadcaster of the Hezbollah militia allied with the Syrian government explained. On the occasion of a visit by the leader of the opposition Syrian National Coalition (SNC) Ahmed Jarba to the USA, a spokeswoman for the US State Department said that the United States would recognize their representation as a diplomatic mission. In addition, support for the rebels for non-lethal equipment should be increased by US $ 27 million. In the province of Idlib, around 30 soldiers were killed in a bomb attack by rebels on a control post of government units, according to activists. In Deir ez-Zor, the ongoing fighting between ISIL jihadists and fighters from the al-Nusra Front and their local allies claimed another 70 lives.
The evacuation of the first rebels from the old town of Homs began on May 7th. According to activists, 1,900 people, including 600 injured and civilians, were to be taken by bus in nine convoys accompanied by United Nations officials to rebel-controlled areas north of Homs. At the same time, the rebel siege of two Shiite settlements in the province of Aleppo was to be relaxed and government supporters captured in the provinces of Aleppo and Latakia were to be released. The withdrawal of the rebels from the city of Homs, which is often referred to as the “cradle of the revolution”, is seen by observers as a great symbolic success for the government, but it also involves risks. For example, they see the permission to withdraw armed enemy fighters who found themselves in a hopeless situation in order to attack again later as potentially damaging to the reputation of the government in the eyes of their fighters and soldiers. Representatives of rebel groups in other parts of the country were appalled by the agreement. Meanwhile, Syrian warplanes attacked the outskirts of the city of Arsal in Lebanon, to which thousands of Syrian refugees and hundreds of rebels had retreated after the successes of government troops in the fighting over the Qalamun Mountains.
On May 8, the rebels' retreat from the old town of Homs continued after a two-year siege by government forces. Around 1,200 rebel fighters and civilians were bused to opposition-controlled areas north of Homs. In return, according to the governor of Homs, Barazi, 70 prisoners were released by the rebels in the provinces of Aleppo and Latakia. In Aleppo, Islamist rebels blew up the Carlton Hotel after placing large quantities of explosives under the building through a tunnel. The building, which was used by government forces as a military base, was destroyed in the detonation and, according to activists, a large number of soldiers were killed.
On May 9th, the last 250 rebels from the old town of Homs were transported in buses to the rebel-controlled town of Dar al-Kabira, 20 kilometers north of Homs. The departure was delayed because Islamist rebels, who were not included in the agreement, initially blocked the agreed delivery of aid to the Shiite towns of Nubl and Zahraa in northern Syria, which were besieged by the rebels. Government troops then advanced into the largely destroyed district.
On May 11, the SOHR reported that the ongoing fighting between rebels from the al-Nusra Front and local allies on the one hand and ISIL jihadists on the other in the Deir ez-Zor area had killed 230 people in the past 10 days. More than 100,000 civilians had fled before the fighting. The ISIL jihadists have captured parts of the city of Deir ez-Zor, as well as the Conico natural gas field. Fighting between ISIL and units of the Kurdish PYD has been reported in the provinces of Hassakeh and Raqqa.
For May 12, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) put the number of victims of the civil war on that day as around 160 nationwide.
On May 13, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon announced that the UN and Arab League's mediator for Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi, had announced his resignation on May 31 at a Security Council briefing. Brahimi apologized to the Syrian people for their failure. Human Rights Watch (HRW) said in a report that it had strong evidence that the Syrian Air Force dropped helicopters with chlorine gas on three rebel-controlled towns in April. 11 people were killed and more than 500 injured.
According to SOHR, 40 people were killed in attacks by the Syrian air force in northern Syria on May 14, including 15 in Atarib in Aleppo province and 21 in the Sarmada area in Idlib province. Islamist rebels claim to have detonated an explosive charge in a tunnel under the Wadi Deif army base in Idlib province, killing an unknown number of soldiers.
Activists said at least 43 people were killed and more than 80 injured in a car bomb attack near the rebel-controlled Bab al-Salameh border crossing between Syria and Turkey on May 15. The aid organization Doctors Without Borders (MSF) announced that the last two of its five employees kidnapped in January had been released the day before. The other three were released on April 4th.
On May 16, according to the state news agency SANA in Aleppo, in the Achrafieh district controlled by government troops, 13 people were killed and 17 others injured when a rocket fired by rebels struck. In Binnish, activists said many people were killed in a car bomb explosion. In the outskirts of Damascus, government forces continued to bomb the rebel-held cities of Daraya, Mleiha and Babila.
On May 17, government forces launched an offensive in the southern Deraa province to try to reclaim lost ground from the rebels in recent weeks. The air force was deployed on a massive scale and a surface-to-surface missile was fired at the village of Sahem. Mleiha was also bombed again. According to SOHR, in Homs last week there were shootings between various militias loyal to the government, namely fighters from the NDF (National Defense Forces) and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party ( SSNP ), when the rebels took over the old town .
On May 18, the Commander-in-Chief of the Syrian Air Defense Forces, General Ishaq, died as a result of injuries sustained the day before in fighting in Mleiha, the location of a large air defense force base. North of Damascus, Islamist rebels killed 34 fighters from pro-government units when they captured an army post near Tel Malah in the Hama province, according to SOHR.
On May 19, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) announced that, according to its findings, the death toll from the ongoing civil war was now more than 162,000. The number could possibly be up to 70,000 higher, as the warring parties would downplay their own losses.
On May 21, the President of the International Red Cross (ICRC), Peter Maurer, announced that, for the first time, humanitarian aid could be distributed on a large scale in Aleppo with the permission of the Syrian government. 6,000 family parcels each were handed out in the part of the city held by government troops and rebel-held by helpers of the Syrian Red Crescent.
On May 22, Russia and China vetoed the United Nations Security Council's veto of a resolution on the Syria conflict that was proposed by France and supported by 62 countries. The resolution was intended to instruct the International Criminal Court (ICC) to investigate possible war crimes committed by Syrian government troops and armed opposition groups. In the northeast of Aleppo, after a three-day offensive, supported by ongoing air strikes, government troops succeeded in breaking the 13-month siege of the city's prison, where according to SOHR 3,000 prisoners were being held, by rebels. Attempts by the rebels to free the prisoners had previously repeatedly failed. In al-Musayfra in the province of Deraa, which is controlled by government troops, 21 people were killed and numerous others injured, according to SOHR, when a mortar shell fired by rebels hit a marquee in which an election meeting as part of the campaign for the re-election of President Bashar al- Assad took place.
On May 23, one of the most important aid organizations active in Syria, the Mercy Corps , announced that it would have to stop working from Damascus. The Syrian government had asked the organization that all humanitarian aid, including for the rebel-controlled areas, must be channeled through state agencies.
On May 24, 4 people were killed and 9 injured in a bomb attack in Damascus, according to the state news agency SANA. Douma, besieged by government troops, in the Damascus area, was bombed from the air, according to SOHR, when employees of the UN and the Red Crescent were distributing food parcels in the rebel-controlled city for the first time in months.
On May 25, fighters from the al-Nusra Front attacked four checkpoints of government forces in the Ariha area in suicide campaigns with car bombs, according to SOHR. Dozens of soldiers were killed or wounded. Fierce fighting developed, in which the air force intervened on the government side. Ariha is located on the strategically important road link between the government-controlled cities of Idlib and Latakia. According to activists, at least 10 people were killed in a car bomb attack in the district of Homs, Zahra, which is predominantly inhabited by Alawis and Christians.
On May 26, the Jordanian Foreign Ministry declared the Syrian ambassador to be an undesirable person, accompanied by a request to leave the country within 24 hours. Ambassador Suleiman has repeatedly insulted the Jordanian people and their leadership despite warnings. In return, the Syrian Foreign Ministry expelled the Jordanian chargé d'affaires from the country.
On May 27, an investigation team from the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) arrived in the rebel-controlled town of Kafr Zeita. According to SOHR, government troops used chlorine gas grenades there on April 11 and May 22. Around 120 and 70 people respectively were injured by the gas attacks.
On May 28, activists stated that within 24 hours more than 40 people - including 9 children - in rebel-controlled parts of Aleppo had been killed with so-called barrel bombs and rockets in attacks by the Syrian air force. According to SOHR, at least 16 people were killed in a car bomb attack on a petrol station in the rebel-controlled town of Maaret al-Naasan in the province of Idlib, where rebels claimed to have taken Chan Sheikhun at the weekend . In the northeastern province of al-Hasakah , 8 Kurds and 11 jihadists were killed in ongoing fighting between Kurdish YPG militias and units of the radical Islamist ISIL.
On May 29, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon informed the UN Security Council that the Syrian government would not meet the June 30 deadline for the destruction of all its chemical weapons. The remaining 100 metric tons are located in an area near Damascus in which the government claims that security is not completely under control and is therefore concerned about the security of the transport. The chairman of the OPCW said the chemicals, including raw materials for the production of the neurotoxin sarin, were packaged and ready for transport. The European Union said it would extend its economic sanctions against the Syrian government, including an oil embargo, by one year to June 1, 2015. The commander of the Free Syrian Army, General Abdelilah Bashir, called on the Syrian people to boycott the presidential elections scheduled for June 3rd by the Syrian government. It is a farce staged by a criminal regime. According to SOHR, ISIL jihadists killed 15 residents in an attack on a Kurdish village near Ras al-Ain . In Deir ez-Zor, fighting broke out again between the ISIL jihadists and fighters from the al-Nusra front and local militias.
On May 30, the SOHR announced that since the beginning of 2014 around 2000 people had been killed in Aleppo by attacks by the Syrian air force with barrel bombs, including 567 children and young people under the age of 18.
On May 31, fighters of the rebel alliance "Islamic Front" killed at least 20 fighters from the government side in a new "tunnel bomb attack" in Aleppo, according to SOHR.
June
On the weekend of June 1, around 50 people, including 9 children, were killed in mortar fire in districts of Aleppo controlled by government troops, according to activists. A further 13 people were killed when so-called barrel bombs were dropped by helicopters of the Syrian Air Force on rebel-held districts of Aleppo. According to reports from the state news agency SANA, government troops destroyed a 300-meter-long connecting tunnel between the Damascus suburbs of Douma and Harasta, which was used to supply rebel fighters. According to SOHR, 18 ISIL militants were killed in fighting for Deir ez-Zor in eastern Syria between ISIL jihadists and fighters from the al-Nusra Front and allied Islamist militia.
On June 2, in Haraki, a largely Alawi-inhabited village in Homs province, at least 18 people were killed when a bomb exploded in a truck, according to SOHR. The ISIL claimed the authorship for the attack.
On June 3, 2014, presidential elections were held in parts of Syria controlled by government forces. Representatives of the Gulf States and Western nations rejected the election as illegitimate. In addition to Assad, Hassan al-Nouri and Maher Hajar stood for election. The civil war continued unabated in all parts of the country on election day. The SOHR put the death toll from the acts of war of the day at 209, including 80 civilians. According to the state news agency SANA in Damascus, 4 people died from mortar projectiles from the rebels and 29 others were injured. According to SOHR, attacks by the Syrian air force on the suburbs of Damascus killed 9 people in Zibdine, including 2 doctors from a hospital, and 17 people in Douma. The fighting between the ISIL jihadists and fighters from the al-Nusra Front and allied militias in Deir ez-Zor province also continued. A leader of the al-Nusra Front threatened to “ruthlessly persecute” the ISIL jihadists if they did not stop ceding territories to government troops.
Assad was declared the winner of the presidential election on June 5th. In the final result announced by the speaker of parliament, the incumbent won with 88.7% of the votes cast.
On June 6th, as part of an amnesty announced by President Assad after his election victory, according to SOHR, several hundred prisoners were released, including 320 people from the central prison in Aleppo and 480 others from Adra prison in Damascus province. The Vice-President of the Syrian National Coalition (SNC) said at an event in Istanbul that she had received 7,500 documented cases of rape of women imprisoned by prison staff in Syrian state prisons.
On June 10th, ISIL jihadists took over the megacity of Mosul in neighboring Iraq. The SOHR announced that as part of a six-week offensive by the ISIL against fighters from the al-Nusra Front and allied Islamist militias in the province of Deir ez-Zor, around 600 fighters from both sides and 39 civilians had been killed. At the same time, 130,000 people were forced to flee by the advance of the jihadists.
On June 11, activists reported that ISIL jihadists had closed a siege ring around the capital of the Deir ez-Zor province of the same name. In the north of the province of Aleppo, fighters from a rebel alliance tried to displace the ISIL jihadists from the towns of Manbij and al-Bab as part of an offensive that has been going on for days, according to SOHR . Fighters of the Islamic Front claimed to have captured 4 villages and killed 17 ISIL militants. The pro-government newspaper al-Watan published an article that tens of thousands of prisoners in state prisons would benefit from the amnesty recently announced by President Assad. 3,000 people have already been released. The SOHR said that it hoped that the measure would provide information about the fate of the at least 18,000 "disappeared" and the release of as large a number as possible from state prisons and prison camps, which it estimated at 70,000.
On June 13, the SOHR reported that ISIL jihadists would prevent the enclosed districts of Deir ez-Zor from being supplied with humanitarian aid. War material, such as Humvees from the Iraqi army, which ISIL captured during the fighting in Iraq, was brought across the border into Syria and was already used in Manbij. Six militiamen of the Lebanese Hezbollah were killed in fighting with rebels in the suburbs of Damascus.
In the course of June 14 and 15, Syrian government troops, together with fighters from the Lebanese Hezbollah militia, recaptured the coastal strip in the north of the province of Latakia, which was occupied by rebels in March, with the town of Kassab, which is predominantly inhabited by Armenian Christians, and the border crossing to Turkey of the same name. According to SOHR, the Syrian Air Force bombed ISIL facilities in Shaddadi and Raqqa in coordination with the Iraqi government. The SOHR suspected that this was a reaction to the fact that the ISIL was moving captured heavy weapons such as tanks from Iraq to Syria. In the area of the Kalamun Mountains, rebel fighters launched an offensive on the edge of Rankous. 11 Hezbollah militiamen were killed. According to information from diplomatic circles, the rebels took advantage of the new situation that had arisen as a result of the advance of ISIL in Iraq. As a result, many of the estimated 20,000 to 30,000 Shiite volunteers from Iraq who had fought alongside government troops streamed back to their homes to respond to calls from high Shiite dignitaries to defend the country.
On June 16, another attack by the Syrian air force with so-called barrel bombs on the rebel-controlled part of Aleppo killed 31 people, according to SOHR. According to SOHR, 13 people were killed in the shelling of Jisr el-Shughur in the Idlib province by rebels. In al-Shamatiyeh, a town in Deir ez-Zor province, 7 people were killed in an ISIL car bomb attack, including an Ahrar al-Sham commander and an Islamic judge from the al-Nusra front. In al-Howayij, a leader of another rebel unit was injured with an explosive vest by an ISIL suicide bomber. At the same time, according to the SOHR, fighting broke out between advancing ISIL units and rival rebel groups in the area of the village of Busayra.
On June 17, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW) said in a statement that members of a fact-finding mission in late May in the Kafr Zeita area had found evidence of the use of "chlorine-like substances". According to information from AFP, fighters from the FSA and the al-Nusra Front took control of the Iraqi side of the al-Kaim border crossing after it was left by the Iraqi army.
On June 18, according to activists, at least 20 people, mainly women and children, were killed and many others were injured in an attack by the Syrian air force with so-called barrel bombs on a refugee camp near the village of Shajra, 2 km from the Jordanian border. According to SOHR, 5 Kurdish youths who, together with 140 comrades , had been kidnapped by ISIL jihadists at a school year graduation ceremony in Kobanê at the end of May and who were able to escape their kidnappers, reported that they were planning to use them for suicide bombings. There was still uncertainty about the fate of 193 other Kurds between the ages of 17 and 70 kidnapped by ISIL in the province of Aleppo on the same day.
On June 19, according to SOHR, Syrian government troops, supported by fighters from the Lebanese Hezbollah militia, fought violently with rebels over Mleiha. The suburb of Damascus near the airport was also bombed by the air force and fired at with surface-to-surface missiles. According to the state news agency SANA, at least 34 people were killed and more than 50 injured in a suicide attack with a car bomb in Hurray, an Alawi village in Hama province. According to SOHR, ISIL jihadists captured three important towns along the Euphrates: Muhassan, Albulil and Albuomar in Deir ez-Zor. At a meeting of the Asia Society in New York, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called on the members of the UN Security Council to finally impose an effective arms embargo on all parties involved in the civil war in Syria. The Syrian government issued a letter warning the UN Security Council not to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid from outside across the country's borders to rebel-controlled areas without its consent. This could be seen as an attack on the sovereignty of the country and answered accordingly.
On June 20, ISIL jihadists captured the Iraqi side of the border crossing into Syria in al-Kaim, while Abu Kamal on the Syrian side remained in the hands of fighters from the al-Nusra front. Three FSA officers captured by ISIL in Deir ez-Zor province the previous day were found shot dead.
On June 21, Syrian Air Force planes, which had taken off from the besieged military airport in the provincial capital Deir ez-Zor, bombed the village of Muhassan, whose tribal elders had expressed their loyalty to ISIL the day before. According to SOHR, at least 16 people were killed and dozens more injured.
On June 22, an Israeli Arab youth accompanying his father was killed in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights when a water tanker was shot at with a rocket from the Syrian side of the demarcation line, according to a military spokesman. The Israeli government blamed President Assad's troops for the incident and initially responded by shelling tanks against positions of the Syrian army. Al-Walid, another border crossing between Syria and Iraq, was captured by militant fighters while Iraqi government forces fled. In the Azaz area in Aleppo province, ISIL jihadists captured several villages using humvees that had been captured by Iraqi government troops in recent weeks. Syrian government troops, supported by fighters from the Hezbollah militia, acted against rebels in the Rankus area in the foothills of the Kalamun Mountains, according to SOHR. For the besieged Palestinian refugee camp Yarmuk, a ceasefire was again concluded between government troops, rebels and pro and anti-Assad associations of the Palestinians. Previous agreements of this kind had repeatedly collapsed.
On the night of June 23, the Israeli air force attacked nine positions of the Syrian army in retaliation for the attack from the previous day, according to SOHR, and destroyed, among other things, a command post and two tanks. Data on the number of Syrian fatalities ranged from four according to the state news agency SANA to more than ten according to SOHR. The head of the team of experts at the United Nations and the OPCW, Sigrid Kaag , announced that the Syrian government had handed over the last 100 t of the declared 1,300 t of toxic material in its chemical weapons program. Syria committed to deliver its stocks to the international community under threat of a US military strike in September 2013 after hundreds of people had previously been killed in a sarin gas attack in a suburb of Damascus. Kaag said she expected that work to destroy the twelve production sites could begin within the next three months. The European Union froze additional accounts and imposed entry bans on 12 ministers of the Syrian government. This means that a total of 191 people close to the government and 53 companies or other organizations, such as the Syrian central bank, were subject to EU economic sanctions. In Aleppo, 9 people, including women and children, were killed by so-called barrel bombs dropped by helicopters of the Syrian air force. Mleiha, in eastern Damascus, was again hit by rockets and bombed by the Syrian air force.
On June 24, mortar fire by rebels on the Kissweh district in Damascus killed five people and injured five others, according to the state news agency SANA. In Homs, a district predominantly inhabited by Alawis, one person was killed by a car bomb and 15 others were injured.
On June 25, the local units of the al-Nusra Front defected to the ISIL in the strategically important border town of Abu Kamal. Rebel fighters from local tribes, on the other hand, reiterated their resistance to ISIL, according to activists. A spokesman for the FSA said he wanted to fight the ISIL jihadists if they wanted to cross the border from the Iraqi side. The Syrian Air Force attacked the ISIL-controlled locations of Raqqa and Muhassan. According to the FSA spokesman, 12 civilians were killed in Raqqa.
On June 26, US President Obama applied to the House of Representatives for $ 500 million in support of moderate rebels. The support will only go to "carefully screened" groups and will "help defend the Syrian people, stabilize areas under opposition control, enable the development of basic services, fight terrorism and promote the conditions for a negotiated solution". UN Emergency Aid Coordinator Valerie Amos accused the Syrian government in a report to the UN Security Council of obstructing the delivery of relief supplies and essential medicines to people in rebel-controlled areas with "arbitrary restrictions and obstructions". She put the number of people in the country dependent on humanitarian aid at 10.8 million, of which 4.7 million are difficult for the aid workers to reach. Amos called on the Security Council to allow direct deliveries from neighboring countries Turkey, Jordan and Iraq. Iraqi Prime Minister al-Maliki said that Syrian fighter planes had attacked ISIL associations near al-Kaim near the border. A translation error by an agency had initially led to the false impression that the Syrian planes had fought ISIL on Iraqi territory. According to SOHR, ISIL jihadists moved into the Syrian border town of Abu Kamal in large numbers and hoisted their black flags there.
On June 27, Ahmed Tohme, the prime minister of the government in exile set up by the opposition alliance Syrian National Coalition (SNC) announced that the High Command of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and the chief of staff, General Abdelilah al-Bashir, had been dismissed on charges of corruption. Just hours later, the president of the SNC, Ahmed Jarba , reversed the decision, saying that Tohme had exceeded his powers. Observers viewed the events as part of the power struggle between the most important supporters of the opposition alliance, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. US Secretary of State John Kerry said at a meeting with opposition spokesman Jarba in Saudi Arabia that the moderate Syrian opposition would play a key role in the fight against radical Islamist ISIL. According to SOHR, Syrian government troops and allied Hezbollah militiamen advanced to the edge of the Lebanese border town of Tfail in the course of fighting with rebels in the Kalamun Mountains area.
On June 28, ISIL jihadists and fighters from the al-Nusra Front from outside the city as well as allied Islamist militias fought fierce fighting in Abu Kamal, according to SOHR. A car bomb attack in Douma, a rebel-controlled suburb of Damascus, killed two children and injured numerous other people.
On June 29th, the first day of the Islamic month of fasting, Ramadan, ISIL proclaimed the areas in Syria and Iraq under its control to be the caliphate and its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi , “Imam and Caliph for Muslims everywhere”. At the same time, the organization renamed itself from ISIL to Islamic State (IS). The organization urged all Muslims to follow and support. All other emirates, organizations and states lose their legitimacy with the expansion of the caliphate to their territory. According to SOHR, 8 members of moderate rebel groups were crucified by ISIS jihadists in Deir Hafer, a town in eastern Aleppo province. In the border town of Abu Kamal, fighting between ISIL jihadists and fighters from rival rebel groups continued. According to a publication by the SOHR, the number of people killed in the fighting between IS jihadists and other rebel groups since the beginning of the year has been up to 7,000, including around 650 civilians.
On June 30, a number of rival Islamist rebel groups, including the Islamic Front, and religious schools rejected IS’s claim to leadership in a joint statement. ISIS jihadists held a military parade in Raqqa where they demonstrated war material captured in Iraq, from Humvees, armored personnel carriers and tanks to a Scud surface-to-surface missile. Fierce fighting between ISIS jihadists and fighters from rival rebel groups continued in Abu Kamal. Mortar fire killed 14 people and at least 40 others were injured in the provincial capital of Idlib, which is controlled by government forces, according to the state news agency SANA.
July
On July 1st, according to SOHR, the IS jihadists prevailed in the fighting with rival rebels in Abu Kamal and brought the border town to Iraq under their control. Then they advanced to Shuheil, one of the last strongholds of the al-Nusra Front in the province of Deir ez-Zor and home of their leader Abu Muhammad al-Golani. A wave of flight began from the city.
On July 2, 11 rebel groups from the provinces of Raqqa and Aleppo appealed to the other rebels to support them in the fight against the IS jihadists. Otherwise they would have no choice but to “throw away their weapons and withdraw their fighters”. The leader of Liwa al-Islam , Allush, called on his men to fight against IS. According to SOHR, fighters of the Liwa al-Islam had driven IS jihadists from Maydaa, a town in the Ghouta suburbs of Damascus, in fierce fighting on the three days before. 14 jihadists were killed after they had executed 7 men at the beginning of the fighting, including a rebel media activist. Fighting with dead and injured between jihadists and rebel fighters continued, according to SOHR, in the province of Deir ez-Zor and in the north of the province of Aleppo in the area of the villages of Ichtarin and Rai near the Turkish border.
On July 3, ISIS jihadists captured Syria's most important oil field, the al-Omar oil field, as well as the last two bases of the al-Nusra Front in the province of Deir ez-Zor, after local tribal leaders there had committed to allegiance to IS . According to SOHR, the IS controlled practically the entire border province of Deir ez-Zor with the exception of the provincial capital of the same name and the military airport, which were still under the control of government troops.
On July 4th, the representative of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Jordan, Andrew Harper, told afp that the flow of refugees from Syria was continuing and that the number of people to be cared for in Jordan was increasing from the current 600,000 Expect to be 800,000 by the end of the year. He urged the international community for "generous and real support". According to SOHR, the IS jihadists took the Kurdish villages of Zur Maghar and Bayada near the Turkish border after three days of fighting with Kurdish fighters. Syrian government forces advanced on the outskirts of Aleppo and brought Sheikh Najar's industrial area under complete control, according to state television. The air force launched raids on rebel-controlled areas in Deraa, Aleppo, Damascus and Idlib provinces.
On July 6th, the SOHR announced that ISIS jihadists had expelled tens of thousands of people from their homes in the recently captured cities of Schuhil, Chascham and Tabieh Jazira in the province of Deir ez-Zor. The Syrian Air Force attacked targets in IS-controlled locations in the Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa provinces . In the north of the provinces of Raqqa and Aleppo, according to SOHR, fighting between IS jihadists and militias of the Kurdish PYD continued and claimed victims on both sides.
On July 7, Syrian government troops, supported by militiamen from Lebanese Hezbollah, advanced further north of Aleppo and, according to activists, enclosed the rebel-controlled parts of Aleppo to a northern corridor just four kilometers wide. According to a Pentagon spokesman, the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons began on board the US Navy's special ship MV Cape Ray in the Mediterranean.
On July 8, according to SOHR, rebels and Syrian government troops and their allied Hezbollah reinforced their units in Aleppo. In Idlib province, another rebel group, the Daoud Brigade, joined the ISIS jihadists. According to SOHR, two rebel leaders and opponents of IS were killed in bomb attacks in Saqba and Douma. In the north of Raqqa province, according to SOHR, 9 ISIS jihadists were killed in fighting with Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) near Tal Abyad.
On July 9, it was announced that the Swedish-Italian diplomat Staffan de Mistura would succeed Lakhdar Brahimi as the UN representative for Syria. At the end of a three-day meeting in Istanbul, the opposition alliance Syrian National Coalition elected the chief negotiator during the Geneva peace talks, Hadi el-Bahreh , as its new president. In a raid on the village of Khattab in Hama province, rebels killed 14 people, including seven women, according to state television. According to SOHR, at least 20 people were killed and numerous vehicles were destroyed in attacks by the Syrian air force on an IS training camp in Raqqa.
On July 10, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) announced that the number of fatalities it has recorded in the civil war in Syria has now reached around 171,000, including 56,500 civilians and of these around 9,000 children. In the north of the country, according to information from IS activists, jihadists continued their offensive against the Kurdish district of Ain al-Arab (Kobanê) in the border area with Turkey, captured a number of villages and inflicted heavy losses on the fighters of the Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) . Representatives of the Kurdish PYD (Democratic Union Party) called on "all Kurds in the world to support".
On July 11, UNHCR spokeswoman Melissa Fleming urged the nations of Europe to take in more Syrian refugees. Syria's immediate neighbors are "saturated" with 2.9 million refugees, while Europe has only accepted a fraction of 123,600 asylum seekers. In a publication, ISIS jihadists gave remaining rebels in the provincial capital Deir ez-Zor a week to “repent” and surrender their weapons. According to activists, the first of the refugees returned to the town of Schuhil, which was captured by IS. In the north of the Aleppo province, according to SOHR, the fighting between IS jihadists and Kurdish militiamen of the YPG continued. In the province of Hama, fighters from the al-Nusra Front attacked Rahdzhan, the home village of the Syrian Defense Minister Freij , killing 18 soldiers and pro-government militiamen, according to activists.
On July 13, according to Lebanese sources, 7 Hezbollah fighters and 32 rebels were killed, as well as numerous others, in heavy fighting between militiamen of the Lebanese Hezbollah and Islamist rebels, especially from the al-Nusra Front in the Syrian-Lebanese border area near the Lebanese border town of Arsal Militants on both sides wounded. In response to increased attacks by ISIS jihadists on the Kurdish border region of Ain al-Arab (Kobanê), Kurdish PKK fighters from Turkey and camps in northern Iraq poured into the area in support of the Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG). According to SOHR, ISIS jihadists had conquered 10 villages in the past fourteen days in heavy fighting, in which two PKK fighters were killed over the weekend.
On July 14, the United Nations Security Council unanimously authorized the delivery of humanitarian aid through the four border crossings al-Yarubiyah from Iraq, al-Ramtha from Jordan and Bab al-Salam and Bab al-Hawa from Turkey even without it Syrian government approval in rebel-controlled areas. According to the UN, 10.8 million people in Syria were dependent on humanitarian aid, of whom 4.7 million lived in areas that were previously difficult to reach. According to activists, ISIS jihadists marched into the part of the provincial capital Deir ez-Zor, which had previously been held by rival rebel groups. Members of the other rebel groups fled or were captured. The leader of the local units of the al-Nusra Front was executed according to an IS spokesman. According to the SOHR, IS now controlled 95% of the Deir al-Zor province and more than a third of the area of Syria. In the border area with Turkey near Ain al-Arab (Kobanê), the IS jihadists continued their offensive against Kurdish militias.
On July 16, Bashar al-Assad was sworn in for a third seven-year term at a ceremony in the presidential palace. In an 80-minute speech to his assembled supporters, Assad declared his "victory over terrorism" and threatened that all countries that supported the opposition would "have to pay a high price". According to the state news agency SANA, four people were killed and 30 others were injured in the mortar fire in Damascus. According to SOHR, 15 IS fighters were killed in attacks by the Syrian air force on an IS training camp near Raqqa. According to SOHR, the air force carried out further air strikes with numerous dead and injured against the strategically important and highly contested village of Morek on the road between Hama and Aleppo, as well as against Aleppo and Deraa. The fighting between ISIS jihadists and Kurdish fighters continued near the Turkish border. According to activists, IS was able to further consolidate its position in the province of Deir al-Zor through an agreement with leaders of the al-Nusra Front and allied militias in the village of Qurieh. According to information from Lebanese security circles, two militiamen of the Lebanese Hezbollah and numerous fighters from the al-Nusra front were killed in fighting in the border area between the Lebanese city of Arsal and the Syrian village of Nahleh.
On July 17, ISIS jihadists captured the Sha'ar gas field in a surprise attack from unions loyal to the government. After 40 jihadists and numerous soldiers had been killed in the fighting, the jihadists subsequently carried out a massacre of the captured soldiers, security guards and employees of the facility, killing 270 people, according to SOHR; 30 managed to escape to the nearby Hajjar field. The self-government of the Syrian Kurds, under pressure from attacks by ISIS jihadists in their three semi-autonomous areas of Afrin, Kobani and Jazeera, introduced six months of general conscription for all men.
On July 18, ISIS jihadists and Syrian government troops fought, according to SOHR, in the vicinity of the military airport of Deir ez-Zor, the last bastion of the government in the east of the country. According to information from Lebanese security circles, fighting between Syrian rebels and militiamen of the Lebanese Hezbollah continued in the vicinity of the Lebanese border town of Arsal and the adjacent part of the Kalamun Mountains. This increased tension between the predominantly Sunni population of Arsal and the surrounding Shiite and Hezbollah-controlled villages in the northern Bekaa Plain . Tens of thousands of refugees from Syria fled to Arsal as a result of the campaign by Syrian government troops and allied militias in the Kalamun Mountains in the course of the past year, including numerous fighters. Twelve international human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Reporters Without Borders, issued a joint statement accusing the Syrian government under President Assad of countless human rights activists and members of the media and public, despite his general amnesty, which was announced after his re-election in early June humanitarian organizations continue to be detained in prisons on questionable charges such as “weakening national sentiment”. One of the organizations put the number of people arrested since the beginning of the uprising against Assad in March 2011 at more than 40,000 people.
On July 19, according to a report by the government -loyal Syrian newspaper al-Watan, 60 soldiers were killed while government troops attempted to recapture the Sha'ar gas field. According to SOHR, 40 ISIS jihadists were killed in the air force-supported attack on the other side.
On July 21, rebels announced that they had expelled ISIS jihadists from four of the suburbs they controlled in Damascus after a three-week campaign. According to a spokesman for Liwa al-Islam, fighting continued in al-Hajar al-Asuad and Qadam. In the province of Aleppo, numerous people were killed or injured, including many civilians, in an attack by the Syrian air force on IS-controlled al-Bab. The fighting between ISIS jihadists and militiamen from the Kurdish YPG also claimed further lives. The SOHR from Morek in the province of Hama and the province of Deraa reported new skirmishes between rebels and Syrian government troops.
On July 22 , the exile opposition Syrian National Coalition (SNC) announced in a statement that it had decided to dismiss the provisional government in exile under Prime Minister Ahmed Tomeh and to appoint a new government in exile within a month. Because of the “violent repression” of the Syrian government against the civilian population, the EU foreign ministers extended their list of account freezes and entry bans to include other persons and institutions close to the Syrian government. UN aid agencies asked the international community to support a polio vaccination campaign in hard-to-reach areas of Syria, where 765,000 children under five lived. The vaccination coverage in Syria has fallen from 99 to a worrying 52%. In Jobar, an eastern suburb of Damascus under the control of rebels, according to SOHR rebels and Syrian government troops, supported by militias loyal to the government, fought bitter fighting, in which the Syrian air force was also used. Rebels shot at government-controlled parts of Damascus with mortars and wounded 18 people, according to the state news agency SANA. According to SOHR, six children of one family were killed in an attack by the Syrian air force on a village in the north of the Aleppo province.
On July 24, according to UN spokeswoman Amanda Pitt, a United Nations convoy consisting of nine trucks carrying humanitarian aid crossed the Bab al-Salam border crossing for the first time without the consent of the Syrian government in accordance with a resolution of the UN Security Council on July 14 to take people in from the rebels to supply controlled areas. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon accused the warring parties of using the prevention of humanitarian aid as a means of waging war. He put the number of such besieged people at 241,000. ISIS jihadists attacked facilities of the Syrian army in the provinces of Raqqa, Hassakeh and Aleppo in a coordinated action. While the attacks on the Kuwayris military airfield east of Aleppo and the battalion 111 base south of the city of Hassakeh were repulsed, the jihadists were able to take the division 17 base east of Raqqa. The fighting claimed numerous lives on both sides, and many other government soldiers captured by the jihadists, including a general, were executed the following day. According to Lebanese security groups, up to 20 rebels were killed in an attack by the Syrian air force in the border area with Lebanon near Arsal.
On July 25, according to SOHR, the last government troops of Division 17 left the nearby base of Brigade 93 or in villages whose inhabitants oppose IS. According to activists, 7 civilians were killed in attacks by the Syrian air force on the rebel-held part of Aleppo. According to SOHR, 15 civilians were killed when the part of Aleppo held by government troops was shot at with mortars. Rebels shot down a Syrian air force attack helicopter over the Syrian army-controlled Palestinian refugee camp in Nairab in Aleppo province.
On the weekend of July 26th and 27th, after a week, Syrian government troops recaptured the Sha'ar gas field from the IS jihadists and killed "dozens of terrorists", according to state television. A spokesman for IS said they had withdrawn after 15 tanks and numerous missiles were captured and the facilities had been destroyed. In connection with this, the SOHR announced that at least 1,100 soldiers and pro-Assad militiamen had died since the start of the attacks by IS jihadists on government troop positions in July. In the area of the city of Hassakeh, according to information from the SOHR jihadists of the IS, the military base of the 121 regiment in Maylabieh took after three days of fighting. ISIS jihadists fought further with other rebel groups in Aleppo province, killing 12 of them in the village of Ahmadieh. The fighting between IS and Kurdish militiamen at Ain al-Arab (Kobanê) also continued. In a report to the United Nations Security Council, the UN's chief investigator into the investigation of possible war crimes in Syria, Paulo Pinheiro, pointed out that, due to their recent successes, the IS jihadists had gained increasing popularity from among other Islamist rebel groups. In the province of Hama, rebels captured the villages of Chattab and Rahbeh near the military airport and, according to activists, captured extensive war material. According to the state news agency SANA, seven people were killed in a car bomb in a district of Homs predominantly inhabited by Christians and Alawis.
On July 28, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution tabled by Russia, in which all who are directly or indirectly involved in business with oil from fields in Syria and Iraq, which is under the control of the terrorist groups Islamic State and al -Nusra Front were threatened with sanctions. According to SOHR, 15 civilians were killed as a result of mutual shelling or bombing of the Aleppo districts controlled by government troops or rebels.
On the night of July 29th, according to SOHR, rebels captured the Tarabih checkpoint north of Hama and moved within a few kilometers of the Hama military airport. According to a spokesman for the rebels, the airport used by the Syrian Air Force to assemble the so-called barrel bombs was shot at with Grad missiles. According to SOHR, Islamist rebels killed at least 13 soldiers or militiamen from pro-Assad militias by detonating explosive charges in two tunnels under a base of government troops in Aleppo's old town.
On July 30, heavy fighting between IS jihadists and Kurdish militiamen in the Ain al-Arab (Kobanê) area left almost 50 dead and numerous wounded, according to SOHR. The Kurdish fighters managed to conquer some important mountain ranges. In the province of Deir ez-Zor, according to SOHR, there were fights between tribal fighters of the Shaitat tribe and ISIS jihadists with several deaths. In Douma, a suburb of Damascus, 12 people were killed by artillery fire by government troops at a vegetable market, according to SOHR data, and 18 people, according to local activists. According to the Syrian state media, two people were victims of a car bomb attack in a district of Homs that was predominantly inhabited by Alawis.
On July 31, according to the Lebanese news agency LNNA, soldiers of the Lebanese army arrested 6 Syrians in the area of the border town of Arsal on suspicion of belonging to armed Syrian rebel groups after 8 Syrians had been captured the day before.
August
On August 1st, the SOHR reported the number of 5,340 civil war victims for the past month of July. During the fighting in the Kalamun Mountains, according to activists, rebels claimed that a Syrian Air Force plane had been shot down. The state news agency SANA also confirmed the fighting, but did not provide any information about losses. In Aleppo, according to SOHR, Islamist militias gained land in the suburb of Dahiet al-Assad and near the military academy. At least five rebels were killed in the fighting. In the Damascus suburb of Jobar, rebels killed up to 30 government soldiers while repelling an attack, according to information from opposition media activists. In the eastern province of Deir ez-Zor, according to SOHR, the IS jihadists withdrew from several villages after fighting with fighters of the Schaitat tribe. According to SOHR, 9 jihadists were killed in the shootings. After a meeting with media activists in Deir ez-Zor, IS announced strict media censorship. All images, videos and reports would have to be presented to an IS “information office” in the future. Cooperation with foreign television broadcasters is now prohibited.
According to SOHR, 20 government soldiers as well as two fighters from the Lebanese Hezbollah and numerous members of Islamist rebel groups, including the al-Nusra Front, were killed in ongoing fighting in the foothills of the Kalamun Mountains in the border area with Lebanon. After the Lebanese army arrested the leader of an Islamist rebel militia in the Arsal area, his supporters occupied the city, stormed the police station and took members of the Lebanese security forces hostage. When the Lebanese army took action against the militants, fierce fighting began, which, according to Lebanese security sources, killed eight Lebanese soldiers, eleven rebels and three civilians (see Arsal uprising ).
On August 3, attacks by the Syrian Air Force on Douma and Kfar Batna, two rebel-controlled suburbs of Damascus, killed 32 people and wounded many others. In return, rebels killed 12 people and injured 23 others in government-controlled districts of Damascus by fire with mortar shells, according to the state news agency SANA. In a joint statement, 18 different rebel groups announced that they would join forces within 45 days under a "Revolutionary Command Council". The rebel groups included leading units of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) such as the Hazm Movement and the Syrian Rebel Front, as well as members of the Islamic Front such as Suqor al-Sham and Jaish al-Islam (Syria) . On the other hand, the Islamist Ahrar al-Sham and the al-Nusra Front were not included. In the area of Arsal, fighting between Islamist Syrian rebels and units of the Lebanese army continued.
On August 4, the Lebanese army made progress in retaking the border town of Arsal from Syrian Islamist rebels. The Syrian Air Force launched attacks on rebels in the area of Arsal. Kurdish PYD fighters said they crossed the border to Iraq in order to support Iraqi Kurds in defending against an IS offensive in the Sinjar and Rabia regions that was launched over the weekend.
On August 5, the Lebanese army and Syrian militants negotiated a first ceasefire in the Arsal area through the mediation of a committee of Muslim clergy, but it collapsed again after a few hours. In the province of Deir ez-Zor, ISIS jihadists began a series of cruel punitive actions against insurgent villages, according to SOHR. In the provincial capital Deir ez-Zor, ISIS jihadists fought with Syrian government troops. According to SOHR information, the Syrian Air Force attacked several targets in the IS-controlled area. According to activists in Hassakeh and near Ras al-Ain, the IS jihadists fought again with Kurdish militiamen of the YPG. In fighting between Syrian government troops and rebels, government troops reported successes in Aleppo, while media activists said rebels were able to break a blockade of government troops around Mleiha, a strategically important suburb of Damascus. According to SOHR, three people were killed by mortar fire in the government-controlled districts of Damascus.
On the night of August 6, 16 people, including two children, were killed and 79 others injured by mortar fire in government-controlled districts of Damascus, according to SOHR. A spokesman for an Islamist militia told the all4syria news website that it was in retaliation for the weekend shelling of the Kfar Batna and Douma suburbs, in which at least 64 people, including 11 children, were killed. In the area of Arsal, the fighting between the Lebanese army and militants was largely ended by a new ceasefire agreement and the withdrawal of the Islamist rebels from the city.
According to SOHR, on August 7, ISIS jihadists and the base of the 93rd Brigade overran the penultimate base of Syrian government troops in Raqqa province. After initially 3 suicide bombers had opened the way into the facility with car bombs, dozens of people were killed on both sides in the subsequent fighting. According to SOHR, the Syrian air force flew air strikes in the area of the last remaining base of the government army in the province, the Tabqa military airport north of the provincial capital Raqqa.
On the weekend 9./10. According to SOHR, at least 17 civilians were killed and another 23 injured in attacks by the Syrian air force on the IS-controlled locations of Raqqa and Mohassan. According to SOHR, the IS jihadists continued their campaign against villages of the al-Shaitat tribe in Deir ez-Zor province and fought with militiamen of the Kurdish YPG in Hassakeh province. According to SOHR, in the Aleppo area 13 people died and 17 were injured when the Syrian air force dropped barrel bombs on rebel-controlled areas. Rocket fire by the rebels killed 3 people and wounded a dozen more in the government-controlled part of Aleppo.
On August 11, the SOHR announced that an uprising by members of the al-Shaitat tribe in several villages in Deir ez-Zor province had been bloodily suppressed by IS jihadists in recent days. Two people were crucified, 23 others were beheaded or shot. According to SOHR, another ten civilians in the Bab al-Neirab district were killed in another attack by the Syrian air force with so-called barrel bombs on Aleppo.
According to SOHR, ISIS jihadists had conquered other towns and villages, including the Turkmen-populated towns of Bareh and Akhtarin, in northeast Aleppo province along the border with Turkey from other Islamist rebel groups by August 13th. According to SOHR, at least 40 militants were killed in the fighting. The SOHR also reported on further fighting between government troops and ISIS jihadists in the area of the military airport north of Raqqa.
On August 14, Syrian government troops, supported by militiamen allied with the Lebanese Hezbollah, captured the strategically important suburb of Mleiha on the road to Damascus airport from rebel fighters.
On August 15, at the request of Great Britain, the UN Security Council passed a binding resolution for all states under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter, which supported each of the IS or the al-Nusra Front with financial means, through the recruitment of fighters or weapons aid, sanctions threatened and blacklisted 6 named members of the organizations. According to SOHR, at least 14 people were killed in a car bomb attack in front of a mosque in the rebel-controlled town of Namar in Deraa province. According to SOHR, another 10 people were killed when the Syrian air force dropped barrel bombs on Aleppo. In the border area with Turkey, ISIS jihadists took Baghaydin, another village.
On August 16, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) said it had credible reports that ISIS jihadists had suppressed an uprising by the al-Shaitaat tribe in Deir al-Zor province in the past two weeks with up to 700 People executed. In the north of the province of Aleppo, according to activists, the IS jihadists continued their advance on the rebel stronghold of Marea by taking three more villages.
On August 17, according to activists, the Syrian Air Force increased the number of its attacks on IS positions, first and foremost the city of Raqqa, to more than two dozen. According to SOHR, at least 31 jihadists and 8 civilians were killed and many others were wounded. According to SOHR, the Syrian Air Force flew 122 missions nationwide over the weekend, 43 of them against IS positions.
On August 18, according to residents, the Syrian Air Force continued its campaign against the city of Raqqa and the surrounding area, in particular the area around the last base of the Syrian government troops in the province, the Tabqa military airport. According to SOHR, there was also ground fighting between government troops and the ISIS jihadists over two villages. In the city of Raqqa, the waterworks were destroyed in an air raid. In the province of Aleppo, eight people were killed and countless others injured in an attack by the Syrian air force on Manbij. According to SOHR, in the province of Hama, where rebels had advanced to the military airport near the provincial capital in the weeks before, the pilot was killed when a military plane crashed. According to activists, there were further fierce fighting between rebels and forces loyal to the government in the city of Morek and in the Kalamun Mountains. According to the state news agency SANA, a local ceasefire agreement was reached between rebels and the government for Qadam, a southern district of Damascus. A Pentagon spokeswoman said the American special ship USS Cape Ray had completed neutralization of the most dangerous chemical weapons delivered by the Syrian government under pressure from the international community. The remains would now be destroyed in special facilities in Germany and Finland.
On August 19, IS released a video showing the beheading of the American journalist James Foley . Foley was kidnapped in Syria in November 2012. Against the background of images of the US air strikes on IS positions in Iraq, the murder was described as a reaction to "American aggression against the Islamic State". At the same time, the execution of other hostages, including the journalist Steven Sotloff, was threatened. The SOHR announced that, according to its findings, IS was able to recruit more than 6,000 new fighters last July, around 1,000 of whom came from abroad and the rest from Syria.
On August 20, ISIS jihadists fired rockets and tanks at the Tabqa military airport in Raqqa province, and activists believe that this was the start of the expected offensive on this last base of government troops in the province. The Syrian air force bombed suspected IS positions in the area. US government spokesmen confirmed media reports that earlier in the summer of 2014 US special forces attempted to free American hostages from the hands of IS as part of a commando operation, but that they were no longer found at the location identified by the secret service.
On August 21, the SOHR announced that, according to the evidence available, the death toll in the civil war in Syria had exceeded 180,000. But since all parties involved tried to keep the number of their own losses secret, the actual number could be up to 70,000 higher. According to activists, ISIS jihadists continued to overrun the Tabqa military airport despite major losses.
The bitter fighting over the last base of Syrian government troops in the province of Raqqa, the Tabqa military airport, continued on August 22nd. According to activists, the Syrian armed forces had flown in reinforcements with helicopters during the night. The SOHR put the number of jihadists killed in the fighting over the past few days as at least 70. According to SOHR, ISIS jihadists and militias from the Kurdish YPG fought in the Hassakeh province in the area of the Yaaroubieh border crossing. Fighting between government forces and rebels was reported again by activists from Aleppo and the surrounding area of Damascus. According to SOHR, four people were killed by mortar fire in downtown Damascus. In a statement, the Syrian National Coalition (SNC) alleged that 15 members of the Hezbollah militia were killed in fighting in the Kalamun Mountains on the border with Lebanon. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), Navi Pillay, put the death toll in the Syrian civil war at more than 191,000, including more than 2,000 children under nine.
On August 23, the IS jihadists continued their attack on the Tabqa military airport and engaged in heavy fighting with the Syrian government forces using all weapons available on both sides, including the Syrian air force.
On August 24, ISIS jihadists captured the Tabqa military airport and thus the last base of Syrian government troops in Raqqa province. The SOHR put the number of victims in the one-week fighting at more than 500, including approx. 350 IS militants and more than 150 government soldiers. An equal number of government soldiers had been captured by the jihadists. At the same time, IS units withdrew from areas north of Homs and left their positions there to fighters from the al-Nusra Front. In the Golan Heights area , members of the al-Nusra Front, mediated by Qatar, released the US journalist Peter Theo Curtis, who was kidnapped in Syria in 2012, and handed him over to the UN peacekeeping forces in the village of Al Rafid.
September
From September 2014, the civil war was primarily shaped in the media by the battle for Kobanê and the coalition's air strikes on various IS positions.
On September 2, an IS video was released showing the beheading of US journalist Steven Sotloff . On September 13, an IS video followed with the beheading of British development aid worker David Haines .
On September 15, the UN protection force withdrew from the buffer zone on the Golan Heights due to the deteriorating security situation.
October
On October 2, IS fighters penetrated the city of Kobanê from three sides, despite heavy air strikes, and were able to record territorial gains in the west.
On October 3rd, an IS video showed the beheading of British development aid worker Alan Henning . ISIS continued to advance in Kobanê. Heavy fighting was also reported from Hama and Aleppo .
On October 6, activists reported that the ISIS jihadist militia had already conquered three districts in the east of Kobanê . They advanced with tanks and car bombs. The Kurdish media group also reported fierce street and house fights. At least 30 YPG fighters were killed in suicide attacks on both sides in the city of Hassaka . No information was given on the losses at IS .
On October 7, 2 civilians on the Turkish side were injured when a shell from Syria hit their home.
On October 10, the Islamic State jihadist militia captured the YPG headquarters in Kobanê, according to SOHR. So they control 40% of the city so far. Meanwhile, the UN special envoy for Syria asked Turkey to allow Kurdish volunteers to defend Kobanês across the border.
On October 20, the Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Cavusoglu announced that Peshmerga fighters from northern Iraq would be allowed to enter the still contested Kobanê. At the same time, however, he ruled out any direct support for the Kurdish militias, as these are viewed as terrorist organizations in Turkey. Notwithstanding these statements, American C-130 transport aircraft dropped several loads of weapons, ammunition and medical supplies in support of the Kurds over the city of Kobanê.
November
On November 7, 26 Syrian soldiers and 14 insurgents died in skirmishes near the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. On November 9, the al-Nusra Front reported the capture of the city of Nawa .
On November 16, an Islamic State (IS) video was released showing the beheading of 22 Syrian soldiers and the murder of US development aid worker Peter Kassig .
On November 18, Turkish media reported that the Free Syrian Army (FSA) had withdrawn from the city of Aleppo. This was preceded by a continuous bombardment of FSA positions by the Syrian army.
The Sha'ar gas field near Homs was contested again and the Syrian army was able to defend it against IS. In Kobanê, Kurdish fighters were able to recapture parts of the city.
December
In Deir ez-Zor , the Syrian army was able to repel an IS offensive on the military airport. Government troops also bombed the IS-held cities of al-Bab and Qabaseen, and others. a. with barrel bombs. In Kobanê, the Kurds again controlled larger parts of the city.
The strategically important Wadi al-Deif military base and the Hamidijeh military base were captured by the Al-Nusra Front after a two-year siege - using heavy weapons that they had previously taken from the West-supported Syrian Revolutionary Front . The Al-Nusra Front is said to have captured 120 government soldiers.
Afrin (city or district with a Kurdish majority north of Aleppo ): Turkey keeps the border with Afrin closed. In the south, the Kurdish enclave is threatened by the Nusra Front. In the east, the Islamic Front is a buffer against IS. The Islamic Front has taken the border town of Aʿzāz (Azaz) from IS . The Islamic Front allows Kurds to cross the border via Aʿzāz into Turkey. According to Sulaiman Jaafar, Head of Foreign Relations in Afrin, Turkey is keeping the border closed to weaken the Kurds and supporting the Nusra Front to fight Assad.
Web links
Wikinews: Portal: Syria - in the newsIndividual evidence
- ↑ Oliver Holmes: Medecins Sans Frontieres says five staff detained in Syria. Reuters, January 3, 2014, accessed January 3, 2014.
- ↑ Dominic Evans: Syrian rebels launch fierce offensive against al Qaeda fighters. Reuters, January 4, 2014 (English).
- ^ Liz Sly, Loveday Morris: Rebels battle al-Qaeda-affiliated fighters across northern Syria. In: The Washington Post . January 5, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Dasha Afanasiewa: Western-backed Syrian opposition re-elects Jarba as leader. Reuters, January 5, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Stephen Kalin: Sniper fire kills one as clashes flare in Lebanon's Tripoli. Reuters, January 5, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: Syria Islamists fight al Qaeda allies in Raqqa. Reuters, January 6, 2014 (English).
- ^ Syria chemical weapons: First consignment leaves Latakia. In: BBC News . January 7, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Angus MacSwan: Syria rebels kill 34 foreign fighters in northwest: monitor. Reuters, January 7, 2014, accessed January 7, 2014.
- ^ "Al Qaeda group vows to attack Syrian rebels, opposition leaders" Reuters of January 8, 2014, viewed on January 8, 2014
- ↑ Richard Spencer: "Syrian Al-Qaeda group ISIS expelled from second city Aleppo" The Telegraph of January 9, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols and Louis Charbonneau: "Russia again blocks UN Security Council from condemning Syria attacks" Reuters of January 8, 2014
- ↑ Andreas Rinke: "Germany will help dispose of Syrian chemical weapons" Reuters of January 9, 2014
- ^ "Opposition - At least 18 dead in car bomb attack in Syria" according to Reuters on January 9, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Assad's forces kill dozens of rebels in Homs city" from January 10, 2014, viewed on January 10, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Al Qaeda group fights back against Syria rebel assault" Reuters of January 10, 2014
- ↑ Marwan Makdesi: "Syria donor meeting aims to raise over $ 1.5 billion, UN aid chief says" according to Reuters on January 12, 2014
- ^ "Syria's opposition leaves participation in peace conference open" according to Deutsche Welle from January 12, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: "Al Qaeda Syria unit executes dozens of rivals in Raqqa: activists" Reuters of January 12, 2014, viewed on January 12, 2014
- ^ Karen DeYoung and Liz Sly: "To end Syrian civil war, rebels must help form transition government, Kerry, others warn" Washington Post, January 12, 2014
- ^ Warren Strobel: US and Russia say Syria aid access and local ceasefire possible. In: Reuters.com . January 13, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Ruth Sherlock: "Syria: dozens die of starvation in Damascus after being 'denied food'" The Telegraph of January 13, 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes: "UN abandons aid delivery after Syria insists on dangerous route" according to Reuters from January 15, 2014
- ↑ "ISIL recaptures Raqqa from Syria's rebels" according to aljazeera.com from January 14, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall and Warren Strobel: "Western, Arab states pledge $ 2.4 billion in Syria aid" Reuters January 15, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "More than 1,000 killed in Syria rebel infighting: monitor group" Reuters of January 16, 2014
- ↑ Steve Scherer: "Final destruction of Syrian chemicals slides to end June" Reuters of January 16, 2014
- ↑ Rami Bleibel: "Suicide car bomb kills three in Hezbollah stronghold near Syria" Reuters of January 16, 2014
- ↑ Thomas Grove and Dasha Afanasieva. "Syria offers Aleppo truce as rebels argue over talks", Reuters of January 17, 2014
- ↑ Jonathan Saul: "Exclusive: Russia steps up military lifeline to Syria's Assad - sources", Reuters of January 17, 2014
- ↑ Thomas Bormann: "Chance for Syria and the Opposition", ARD radio studio Istanbul from January 19, 2014 ( Memento from January 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ AP: "Food enters Syria's main Palestinian refugee camp", Washington Post, from January 18, 2014 ( Memento from January 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c Sameer N. Yacoub and Albert Aji (AP): "UN invites Iran to Syrian peace conference", Washington Post from January 20, 2014, viewed on January 20, 2014 ( Memento from January 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ "Syria warplanes bomb Aleppo, killing 34: activists" Dailystar from January 18, 2014
- ↑ Somini Sengupta and Michael R. Gordon: “UN Invites Iran to Syria Talks, Raising Objections From the US” NYT January 19, 2014, viewed January 19, 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes, Stephen Kalin and Ayla Jean Yackley: "Sixteen killed by twin bombs at Syria-Turkey border post", Reuters of January 20, 2014
- ↑ Louis Charbonneau and Parisa Hafezi: "Iran invite to Syria talks withdrawn after boycott threat" according to Reuters of January 21, 2014
- ^ Robert Mackey: "War Crimes Experts Call Syrian Defector's Photographs 'Direct Evidence' of Assad's 'Killing Machine'" NYT, January 20, 2014, viewed January 21, 2014
- ↑ Isabel Coles: "Kurds solidify autonomy in Syria on eve of peace talks" Reuters of January 21, 2014
- ↑ Mariam Karouny and Khaled Yacoub Oweis: "Syria peace conference exposes deep rifts over Assad", Reuters of January 22, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis and Mariam Karouny: "Syria foes to meet at peace talks after rocky start", Reuters of January 24, 2014
- ^ "63 dead from hunger, medical shortages in Damascus camp: Activists", according to www.dailystar.com.lb of January 24, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis and Stephanie Nebehay: "Syria talks bring offer of exit from siege of Homs", Reuters of January 26, 2014
- ↑ Ian Black, Mona Mahmood, Martin Chulov: Syria peace talks: impasse thwarts hopes of humanitarian relief for Homs. In: TheGuardian.com . January 27, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Louis Charbonneau: "More Syrian chemical arms toxins shipped out, inspectors say", Reuters of January 27, 2014
- ↑ Erika Solomon: "Al Qaeda-linked rebels bomb Syrian defense minister's town", Reuters of January 28, 2014
- ↑ Ruth Sherlock and Raf Sanchez: "US supplies arms to Syrian opposition as Geneva peace talks falter" The Telegraph of January 28, 2014
- ↑ Martin Chulov: Syria wiping Neighborhoods off the map to punish residents - rights group. In: The Guardian . January 30, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis and Mariam Karouny: "Brahimi says no substantive progress on Syria but hopeful", Reuters of January 29, 2014
- ↑ Human Rights Watch, Syria: Thousands of Houses Unlawfully Razed Report on hrw.org, January 30, 2014, viewed January 30, 2014
- ↑ Stephen Kalin: "UN delivers food to residents of besieged Damascus suburb," Reuters January 30, 2014
- ↑ 11 dead in Syria barrel bomb attacks: activists. In: DailyStar.com.lb . January 30, 2014 (English).
- ↑ a b Khaled Yacoub Oweis and Stephanie Nebehay: "Syria talks end first round, government not committed to return", Reuters from January 31, 2014
- ↑ Ria Novosti: "Russia Defends Syrian Government Over Aid Stalemate" from January 31, 2014, viewed on January 31, 2014
- ↑ Stephanie Nebehay: "Homs is pawn in complex Syria talks amid reports of starvation", Reuters of January 31, 2014
- ↑ AP: "Al-Qaeda Fighters in Syria Kill Rival Rebel Leader" NYT February 2, 2014, viewed on February 2, 2014
- ↑ Stephen Kalin: "Syrian forces kill 83 in barrel bomb attacks in Aleppo: activists", Reuters of February 2, 2014
- ↑ AP: "Syrian Helicopters Drop Barrel Bombs on Aleppo" NYT from February 1, 2014, viewed on February 2, 2014
- ↑ "Barrel bomb offensive on Aleppo kills dozens" according to dailystar.com.lb of January 3, 2014
- ↑ "Dozens reported killed in Syria air raids", according to aljazeera.com from February 3, 2014
- ^ "First UN report on children in Syria's civil war paints picture of 'unspeakable' horrors" UN News Center dated February 4, 2014
- ↑ Anthony Deutsch: "Syria misses chemical weapons handover deadline", Reuters of February 5, 2014
- ↑ Martin Chulov: "Syria misses another chemical weapons deadline", theguardian.com of February 5, 2014
- ↑ "Syria must speed up removal of chemical weapons: UN", dailystar.com.lb of February 6, 2014
- ^ "UN welcomes reported Homs humanitarian deal, US skeptical", Reuters of February 6, 2014
- ^ "Rebels storm Aleppo prison, free hundreds", dailystar.com.lb of February 7, 2014
- ↑ "No truce with ISIS, Islamist group says", dailystar.com.lb of February 7, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Hariri: "Syria starts evacuating civilians from besieged Homs center", Reuters, February 7, 2014
- ↑ "Syria troops 'retake most of Aleppo prison' from rebels", dailystar.com.lb of February 7, 2014
- ↑ "Syria: renewed violence threatens humanitarian efforts", theguardian.com from February 9, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Six hundred Syrians flee besieged Old Homs in aid convoy", Reuters, February 9, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Islamist fighters seize Alawite village in central Syria", Reuters, February 9, 2014
- ^ Ian Black: "Syrian peace talks enter second round as Homs ceasefire extended", theguardian.com of February 10, 2014
- ↑ a b Oliver Holmes and Khaled Yacoub Oweis. "Syria peace talks not making much progress, says envoy", Reuters of February 11, 2014
- ^ "Homs evacuation suspended for day over 'logistics': governor" dailystar.com.lb of February 11, 2014
- ↑ Louis Charbonneau and Gabriela Baczynska: "UN Security Council discusses Syria aid draft Russia dislikes", Reuters of February 11, 2014
- ↑ “Regime's barrel bombs kill 10 in Aleppo”, dailystar.com.lb of February 12, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: "Exclusive: Opposition plan for post-war Syria ignores Assad", Reuters of February 12, 2014
- ↑ Steve Gutterman and Michelle Nichols: Russia says Syria aid draft groundwork for military action, Reuters, February 12, 2014
- ↑ "Syria warplanes hit Yabrud near Damascus: activists", dailystar.com.lb of February 12, 2014
- ↑ Stephanie Nebehay and Tom Miles: "Syria 'failure' looms, mediator seeks US, Russian help", reuters.com of February 13, 2014
- ↑ Stephanie Nebehay: “Thousands flee Syrian town as 'major assault' looms”, Reuters, February 14, 2014
- ↑ "Syria peace talks break up as UN envoy fails to end deadlock", theguardian.com of February 15, 2014
- ↑ “UN urges access to Palestinian Yarmuk camp in Syria”, dailystar.com.lb of February 15, 2014
- ↑ "Evacuation of Syria's Homs halts, governor blames 'armed groups'", dailystar.com.lb of February 16, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: "Free Syrian Army sacks chief, appoints replacement" Reuters of February 16, 2014, viewed on February 16, 2014
- ↑ "Nasrallah: Hezbollah will keep its fighters in Syria", dailystar.com.lb of February 16, 2014
- ↑ "Both sides claim gains in Yabroud, Qalamoun", dailystar.com.lb of February 17, 2014
- ↑ "Syria army seizes Alawite 'massacre' village: SANA", dailystar.com.lb of February 17, 2014
- ^ "Syria army, rebels agree new Damascus truce", dailystar.com.lb of February 18, 2014
- ↑ "Barrel bomb claims 18 lives near school in Deraa", dailystar.com.lb of February 18, 2014
- ↑ Dasha Afanasieva and Alexander Dziadosz: "Syrian rebels rebuff leader's sacking by high command abroad", Reuters of February 19, 2014
- ↑ Stephen Kalin: “Powerful new cluster bombs used in Syria: rights group”, Reuters, February 19, 2014
- ↑ "Remains raise Beirut bombings' death toll to 10", dailystar.com.lb of February 20, 2014
- ↑ “Syria rebels battle to prevent regime seizing strategic town”, dailystar.com.lb of February 20, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian Airforce steps up attacks in south", dailystar.com.lb of February 21, 2014
- ↑ "38 male Homs evacuees freed in Syria: governor", dailystar.com.lb of February 21, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols: "Syria submits new 100-day plan for removal of chemical weapons", Reuters, February 21, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols: "UN Security Council unanimously approves Syria aid access resolution", Reuters of February 22, 2014
- ↑ UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL: "Full text: UN Security Council Resolution 2139" from February 22, 2014, viewed on February 22, 2014 ( Memento from February 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Tom Perry: "Syrian Kurds take town from Islamists: watchdog", Reuters, February 22, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: "Car bomb kills 14 in Syrian town on Turkish border: activists", Reuters of February 23, 2014
- ↑ Mariam Karouny: "Syrian rebel, friend of al Qaeda leader, killed by rival Islamists", Reuters of February 23, 2014
- ↑ "Netanyahu cites" security "following Lebanon border raid" dailystar.com.lb of February 25, 2014
- ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: "Air raids in central Syria kill 26: activists", Reuters of February 24, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans and Mariam Karouny: "Syrian al Qaeda group gives rival Islamists ultimatum", Reuters of February 25, 2014
- ↑ "Regime forces inch closer to Aleppo", dailystar.com.lb of February 26, 2014
- ↑ Stephen Kalin: “Pro-Assad forces kill 175 rebels in ambush: Syrian state media”, Reuters, February 26, 2014
- ↑ Marlin Dick: "Otaiba ambush footage raises suspicions", dailystar.com.lb of February 28, 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes: "Al Qaeda splinter group withdraws from Syrian town near Turkey", Reuters, February 28, 2014
- ↑ Rakan al-Fakih: "Syrian airstrikes kill two in Lebanon border town" dailystar.com.lb, from February 28, 2014
- ^ "Syria airstrike kills 13 in northwest town", dailystar.com.lb of March 2, 2014
- ^ Albert Aji: "Fighting in Damascus district halt aid to Palestinians: UN, dailystar.com.lb of March 3, 2014
- ↑ Firas Makdesi: "Syrian forces press assault on strategic town near Lebanon", Reuters of March 4, 2014
- ↑ "Twelve rockets hit Brital, Syrian jets bomb border", dailystar.com.lb of March 4, 2014
- ↑ Anthony Deutsch: "Syria has relinquished about a third of its chemical weapons: OPCW", Reuters of March 4, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian warplanes strike Lebanon border region", dailystar.com.lb from March 5, 2014
- ^ "Airstrikes, barrel bombs rain on Aleppo, Yabroud", dailystar.com.lb of March 6, 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes: "World powers responsible for failing to stop Syria war crimes: UN", Reuters of March 5, 2014
- ^ Dan Williams: "Israel says shot 2 Hezbollah fighters on Syrian Golan", Reuters, March 5, 2014
- ↑ Albert Aji: "Car bombs in central Syria kill 17", dailystar.com.lb of March 6, 2014
- ^ "Five dead in blast by security HQ in central Syria: activists", dailystar.com.lb of March 6, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian aircraft pound key rebel bastion", dailystar.com.lb of March 8, 2014
- ^ Nazih Siddiq: "Death toll in Syria-fueled fighting in Lebanon's Tripoli reaches 10", Reuters of March 15, 2014
- ↑ Mariam Karouny and Stephen Kalin: "Syrian forces fully control rebel stronghold near Lebanon" Reuters of March 16, 2014, viewed on March 16, 2014
- ^ Dan Williams: "Four Israeli troops hurt in Golan blast, Israel blames Syria", Reuters of March 18, 2014
- ↑ Lesley Wroughton: “US shuts Syrian embassy, consulates, orders diplomats out,” Reuters, March 18, 2014
- ^ A b "Israeli airstrikes add fuel to fire in Syria", dailystar.com.lb of March 20, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Syrian rebels seize prison near Jordan and free inmates: activists", Reuters of March 19, 2014
- ↑ Stephen Kalin and Alexander Dziadosz: "Tensions rise in Lebanon as Syria extends control over border", Reuters of March 19, 2014
- ↑ "Syrians are main asylum seekers in rich world: UN" Reuters of March 20, 2014, viewed on March 20, 2014
- ^ Nazih Saddiq: "Syrian army retakes Crusader castle from rebels", Reuters of March 20, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Half of Syrian chemical weapons shipped out: monitors", Reuters, March 20, 2014
- ^ Dasha Afanasieva: "First UN aid trucks cross from Turkey into Syria", Reuters of March 20, 2014
- ^ Nazih Saddiq, Oliver Holmes: "Eleven die in clashes in Lebanon's Tripoli", Reuters of March 21, 2014
- ^ Dominic Evans: "Rebels battle for Syria border post near Mediterranean", Reuters of March 22, 2014
- ↑ Daren Butler: "Turkey shoots down Syrian plane it says violated air space", Reuters of March 24, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans and Mariam Karouny: “One dead in Beirut gunfight between Assad supporters and opponents”, Reuters, March 23, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans and Ece Toksabay: "Syrian forces battle rebels near Turkey border crossing", Reuters of March 24, 2014
- ↑ Stephen Kalin: "Aleppo bears brunt of fight over fragmented Syria", Reuters, March 25, 2014
- ^ "ISIS vows offensive against 'Kobani' Kurdish region", dailystar.com.lb of March 24, 2014
- ^ "Islamist Rebels seize first coastal village in north Syria", dailystar.com.lb of March 25, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian rebels battle deeper into Latakia", dailystar.com.lb of March 27, 2014
- ↑ Antoine Amrieh: "Tripoli clashes kill three including a child", dailystar.com.lb of March 27, 2014
- ^ "Regime fights back against rebel gains in Latakia", dailystar.com.lb of March 28, 2014
- ↑ "ISIS, Islamist rebels clash over eastern oil fields", dailystar.com.lb of March 28, 2014
- ↑ Marlin Dick: "Syrians rally in support of rebels' coastal offensive" dailystar.com.lb from March 29, 2014
- ↑ Rowena Caine: "UN envoy says three million Syrians remain cut off from food and medicine", Telegraph.co.uk of March 28, 2014
- ^ Albert Aji: "Syrian army takes two villages near Lebanon", dailystar.com.lb of March 29, 2014
- ↑ Rakan al-Fakih: "Suicide bombing kills three soldiers in northeast Lebanon", dailystar.com.lb of March 29, 2014
- ↑ "More than 50 Syria rebels, jihadists killed: NGO", dailystar.com.lb of March 30, 2014
- ^ "Regime tries to rally on coast after taking Qalamoun villages", dailystar.com.lb of March 31, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian army claims seizure of key Latakia position2, dailystar.com.lb from April 1, 2014
- ^ "More than 150,000 killed in Syria conflict: Observatory", dailystar.com.lb of April 1, 2014
- ^ "Coalitions Jarba pays rare visit to Latakia", dailystar.com.lb of April 2, 2014
- ^ "Violence flares around Damascus", dailystar.com.lb of April 3, 2014
- ↑ Issam Abdallah: "Lebanon marks 'devastating' milestone with millionth refugee", Reuters of April 3, 2014
- ↑ “Clashes rage near Damascus as coast battles delay chemical shipments”, dailystar.com.lb of March 4, 2014
- ^ "Rebels take northern town on main highway", dailystar.com.lb of April 5, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Blast kills at least 29 Syrian rebels in Homs: monitoring group", Reuters from April 6, 2014
- ↑ "UN has to cut Syria food rations for lack of donor funds", dailystar.com.lb of April 7, 2014
- ↑ "Rebels claim gains in Aleppo and Quneitra", dailystar.com.lb of April 8, 2014
- ^ "Outcry at shooting of priest who stood united with Syria", dailystar.com.lb of April 8, 2014
- ^ "Syrian army starts battle for Rankus in Qalamoun - activists", dailystar.com.lb of April 8, 2014
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- ↑ "Syrian regime forces overrun Rankous" dailystar.com.lb from April 9, 2014
- ↑ "ISIS attacks jihadist rivals Syrian rebels in Iraq border town", Dailystar.com.lb of April 11, 2014
- ^ "ISIS on retreat in Deir al-Zor after surprise attack", dailystar.com.lb of April 12, 2014
- ^ "Claims of new poison gas attack in Syria", bbc.com of April 12, 2014
- ↑ "Fiercest fighting in Aleppo since mid 2012 group", dailystar.com.lb of April 12, 2014
- ↑ Mariam Karouny: "Syrian army seizes ancient Christian town near Lebanese border", Reuters of April 14, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian army launches assault on Homs", dailystar.com.lb of April 16, 2014
- ↑ Suleiman Al-Khalidi: "Jordanian jihadis returning from Syria was rattle US-aligned kingdom" Reuters of April 17, 2014, viewed on April 20, 2014
- ^ "Rebels attack army barracks in Aleppo", dailystar.com.lb of April 18, 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes and Sandra Maler: "Bomb blast kills 14 at mosque in Syria's Homs - state TV", Reuters from April 18, 2014
- ↑ Elise Knutsen: "Syrian army attacks isolate border enclave", dailystar.com.lb of April 19, 2014
- ↑ Martin Chulov: “Besieged and terrified… and the food is about to run out for Damascus refugees”, The Observer of April 19, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Air strikes kill dozens in Syria's Aleppo: monitor group", Reuters of April 21, 2014
- ↑ "German rapper turned jihadist reported dead in Syria", dailystar.com.lb of April 21, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Syria calls presidential vote, defying Assad's opponents", Reuters, April 21, 2014
- ^ "Mortar shells hit near Syrian parliament, kill 5", dailystar.com.lb of April 21, 2014
- ↑ "Renewed chemical weapons claims mount against Syrian regime", dailystar.com.lb of April 23, 2014
- ^ "Syria: UN chiefs issue impassioned plea to save besieged civilians", UN News Center April 23, 2014
- ↑ "Blackout in Syria's Aleppo enters second week: activists", dailystar.com.lb of April 25, 2014
- ^ "Aleppo in second week of blackout aimed at limitimg barrel bombs", dailystar.com.lb of April 26, 2014
- ^ "88 dead in two days of clashes in Syria's Daraa", dailystar.com.lb of April 26, 2014
- ↑ "21 dead in rebel fire on regime in Aleppo - activists", dailystar.com.lb of April 27, 2014
- ↑ "Iraqui helicopters hit jihadist convoy in Syria: ministry", dailystar.com.lb of April 27, 2014
- ↑ "Assad confirms re-election bid as war rages on around him", dailystar.com.lb of April 29, 2014
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- ^ "Activists say airstrike on Syrian school kills 19", dailystar.com.lb of April 30, 2014
- ^ "Syria regime raid on Aleppo kills at least 33: NGO", dailystar.com.lb of May 2, 2014
- ↑ “Truce agreed for the former rebel stronghold of Homs”, www.dw.de of May 2, 2014
- ↑ "11 children among 18 dead in car bombings in Syrias Hama: state TV", dailystar.com.lb of May 2, 2014
- ↑ "Talks progress over rebel withdrawal from Homs", dailystar.com.lb of May 3, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "UN chief says Syrian authorities holding up aid access", Reuters, May 4, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Thousands flee Syria rebel infighting", Reuters, May 4, 2014
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- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "No date set for rebel pullout from Syria's Homs: governor", Reuters, May 6, 2014
- ↑ Lesley Wroughton: "US recognizes Syria opposition offices as 'foreign mission'", Reuters, May 5, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Bomb in Syria's Idlib kills 30 government fighters: monitoring group", Reuters, May 6, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Rebels evacuated from Homs, cradle of Syrian uprising", Reuters, May 7, 2014
- ^ Anne Barnard: "Syrian Rebels Depart Homs District Under Deal" NYT May 7, 2014, viewed May 7, 2014
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- ↑ Marwan Makdesi: "Assad's forces take Homs, 'capital of Syrian revolt'", Reuters, May 8, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Syrian rebels blow up Aleppo hotel used by army", Reuters, May 8, 2014
- ↑ Rim Haddad: “Last syria rebels quit Homs Old City, civilians return to ruins”, www.dailystar.com.lb of May 9, 2014
- ↑ "ISIS seizes territory in Deir al-Zor province", dailystar.com.lb of May 12, 2014
- ↑ "Final death toll for Monday 12/05/2014; Approximately 160 were killed in Syria ", syriahr.com from May 13, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols: "Frustrated Syria mediator Brahimi to step down, UN seeks replacement", Reuters, May 13, 2014
- ↑ "HRW says 'strong evidence' Syria regime used chlorine gas", dailystar.com.lb of May 13, 2014
- ↑ "Airstrikes kill over 40 in northern Syria: Aktivists", dailystar.com.lb from May 15, 2014
- ↑ "Syria rebels detonate tunnel bomb under army base: NGO", dailystar.com.lb of May 15, 2014
- ↑ Bassem Mroue: "Activists: Bomb kills at least 43 in north Syria", dailystar.com.lb of May 15, 2014
- ↑ Bassem Mroue: "Rocket attack kills 13 in Syria's Aleppo", dailystar.com.lb of May 16, 2014
- ↑ "Syria army pushes offensive in Deraa: activists", dailystar.com.lb of May 18, 2014
- ↑ Lauren Williams: "Fighting among pro-Assad groups points to factional future", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 17, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Syria air defense head killed, rebels take northern town", Reuters of May 18, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "At least 162,000 killed in Syria conflict: monitoring group", Reuters of May 20, 2014
- ^ "Syria government allows first large food aid distribution in Aleppo", theguardian.com of May 21, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols and Louis Charbonneau: "Russia, China veto UN bid to refer Syria to international court", Reuters of May 22, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Assad's forces break rebel siege of Aleppo prison", Reuters, May 22, 2014
- ↑ Barbara Surk: "Mortar hits Assad rally in Syria, killing 21", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 23, 2014
- ↑ Martin Chulov and Emma Beals: "Aid group Mercy Corps forced to close Damascus operations", theguardian.com of May 23, 2014
- ↑ "Airstrikes hit near Damascus during aid distribution: NGO", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 24, 2014
- ↑ "4 suicide bomb attacks against Syrian army", www.dailystar.com.lb from May 25, 2014
- ↑ Ryan Lucas: "Car bomb kills at least 10 in Syria's Homs", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 25, 2014
- ↑ "Syria expels Jordan envoy in tit-for-tat move: ministry", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 26, 2014
- ^ "Chemical arms team visits Syria chlorine site", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 28, 2014
- ↑ "Air raids on Aleppo kill over 40 in 24 hours", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 29, 2014
- ↑ Edith M. Lederer: "UN: Syria won't meet deadline to destroy chemicals", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 29, 2014
- ↑ "EU extends Syria economic sanctions until June 2015: statement", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 29, 2015
- ^ "Rebel Free Syrian Army chief calls for vote boycott", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 29, 2014
- ↑ "ISIS accused of massacring Kurdish villagers near border", www.dailystar.com.lb from May 30, 2014
- ↑ "Barrel bombs kill almost 2,000 in Aleppo this year", www.dailystar.com.lb of May 30, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian rebels kill 20 troops in tunnel blast", www.dailystar.com.lb from May 31, 2014
- ^ "Syrian rebel rocket fire kills 50 in Aleppo", www.dailystar.com.lb of June 2, 2014
- ↑ "Syria opposition groups warn of attacks on election day", dailystar.com.lb of June 2, 2014
- ↑ "ISIS claims responsibility for Homs truck bomb", www.dailystar.com.lb of June 4, 2014
- ↑ Marwan Makdesi: "Syrians vote in wartime election set to extend Assad's rule" Reuters June 3, 2014, viewed on June 4, 2014
- ↑ "Mortar bombs rain down on Damascus for second day", www.dailystar.com.lb of June 5, 2014
- ↑ "Assad declared landslide victor in wartime Syrian election" Reuters of June 5, 2014, viewed on June 5, 2014
- ↑ "Hundreds freed in Syria prisoner amnesty: monitor", dailystar.com.lb of June 6, 2014
- ↑ "Thousands of women raped in war: activists", dailystar.com.lb of June 7, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Hundreds killed as ISIL insurgents gain ground in east Syria", Reuters of June 10, 2014
- ↑ "Al-Qaida splinter group encircles Syrian city", dailystar.com.lb of June 11, 2014
- ^ "Tens of thousands to be freed: pro-regime daily", www.dailystar.com.lb
- ↑ Bassem Mroue: "Activist group: Jihadists defeat Syrian city", dailysra.com.lb of June 13, 2014
- ↑ Alexander Dziadosz: "Syrian government retakes border town in Assad coastal heartland", Reuters from June 15, 2014
- ^ "Syria pounds ISIS bases in coordination with Iraq", www.dailystar.com.lb from June 15, 2014
- ↑ Nicholas Blanford: "ISIS 'Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria", www.dailystar.com.lb
- ↑ B "arrel bombs hit Aleppo, kill at least 31," www.dailystar.com.lb from June 17, 2014
- ↑ Sylia Westall, "ISIL car bomb kills rival rebels in Syria: monitoring group," Reuters on June 17, 2014
- ↑ Thomas Escritt: "Chlorine gas-like chemicals likely used in Syrian conflict: watchdog", Reuters of June 17, 2014
- ↑ "Gunmen seize Iraq-Syria border crossing", dailystar.com.lb of June 17, 2014
- ↑ Suleiman Al-Khalidi: "Syria bombing kills 20 in refugee camp near Jordan border: activists", Reuters of June 18, 2014
- ^ ISIS using kidnapped Kurds for suicide missions: Observatory. In: The Daily Star Lebanon . June 18, 2014, accessed October 15, 2016 .
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- ^ Sylvia Westall: "Car bomb in Syria's Hama province kills 34: state news", Reuters of June 20, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "ISIL seizes key towns in eastern Syria: monitoring group", Reuters of June 20, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols: "UN chief urges Security Council to impose arms embargo on Syria", Reuters of June 20, 2014
- ↑ Michelle Nichols: "Exclusive: Syria warns UN - aid delivery without consent is an attack", Reuters of June 20, 2014
- ↑ Kamal Namaa: "Iraq militants take Syria border post in drive for caliphate", Reuters of June 21, 2014
- ↑ "Jihadists execute three Syria rebel officers", dailystar.com.lb of June 2, 2014
- ↑ Suleiman Al-Khalidi: "Syrian jets bomb eastern rebel towns near Iraq, at least 16 dead", Reuters of June 21, 2014
- ↑ Ari Rabinovitch, Dan Williams, Allyn Fisher-Ilan and Ori Lewis: "Attack from Syria kills Israeli teen on Golan, Israel says" Reuters June 22, 2014, viewed June 22, 2014
- ↑ Kamal Namaa: "Gunmen seize Iraqi border post with Syria: sources", Reuters of June 22, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "Equipped with Humvees, ISIL clashes with rivals in Syria", Reuters of June 22, 2014
- ↑ "Syria army battles rebels in key Damascus foothills: TV", www.dailystar.com.lb of June 22, 2014
- ↑ "Cease-fire reached in Palestinian camp in Syria", dailystar.com.lb of June 22, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "Israel strikes kill ten members of Syrian army: monitoring group" Reuters of June 23, 2014
- ↑ Michele Kambas: "Syria has removed 100 percent of declared chemicals -team chief", Reuters of June 23, 2014
- ↑ "EU imposes sanctions on 12 Syrian ministers", dailystar.com.lb of June 23, 2014
- ^ "Residents flee Syria-Iraq border areas", dailystar.com.lb of June 24, 2014
- ↑ "Damascus mortar fire kills five: state media", dailystar.com.lb of June 24, 2014
- ↑ "ISIL strengthened on Syria border after Qaeda unit joins it", dailystar.com.lb of June 25, 2014
- ↑ Steve Holland and Patricia Zengerle: "Obama seeks $ 500 million from Congress to help moderate Syrian rebels," Reuters June 26, 2014
- ↑ "UN accuses Syria of impeding aid deliveries", dailystar.com.lb of June 26, 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes: "Iraq PM says Syrian air strikes hit Syrian, not Iraqi, territory: BBC" from June 26, 2014, viewed on June 26, 2014
- ↑ "ISIL deploys in Syria border town: monitor", dailystar.com.lb of June 26, 2014
- ↑ Robert Tait: "Syrian rebel army 'sacked' over corruption claims", www.telegraph.co.uk of June 27, 2014
- ↑ "Decision to sack FSA command reversed", dailystar.com.lb of June 27, 2014
- ↑ Lesley Wroughton: "Kerry in Saudi, says Syrian opposition has key role against ISIL", Reuters, June 27, 2014
- ^ "Syrian troops advance near Lebanon border", dailystar.com.lb of June 27, 2014
- ↑ Dominic Evans: "Syria Islamists challenge ISIL control of town on Iraq border", Reuters, June 28, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "After Iraq gains, Qaeda offshoot claims Islamic 'caliphate'", Reuters of June 30, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "ISIL crucifies eight rival fighters, says monitoring group", Reuters of June 29, 2014
- ↑ Barbara Surk (AP): "Syria activists: 7,000 killed in rebel infighting", dailystar.com.lb of June 29, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "Some Syrian Islamist groups reject Islamic 'caliphate'", Reuters June 30, 2014
- ↑ Ryan Lucas (AP): "Militant leader calls for Muslims to build state", according to dailystar.com.lb of July 2, 2014
- ^ "Mortar bombs hit government-held Idlib", dailystar.com.lb of July 1, 2014
- ↑ "Jihadist group captures Syrian border town", dailystar.com.lb of July 2, 2014
- ^ Marlin Dick: "Rebels demand help as fighting rages against ISIS in Ghouta" , dailystar.com.lb of July 3, 2014
- ^ Sylvia Westall: "Islamic State seizes oil field and towns in Syria's east", Reuters of July 3, 2014
- ↑ "Syrian war refugees still flooding into Jordan: UN", www.dailystar.com.lb of July 4, 2014
- ↑ "Rebels lose ground to jihadists in east, to regime in Aleppo", www.dailystar.com.lb of July 5, 2014
- ↑ "ISIS expels Thousands in east, uses fuel prices for support", www.dailystar.com.lb from 7 July 2014
- ↑ Oliver Holmes and Sylvia Westall: "Syrian government forces squeeze insurgents in Aleppo", Reuters of July 9, 2014
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