Chronicle of the civil war in Syria 2017

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Outline map of the civil war in Syria

The Chronicle of the Syrian Civil War 2017 records the events of the Syrian civil war in 2017.

January

On January 2, the fighting continued in the Barada region north of the capital Damascus . The government troops and their allies reportedly attacked fighters from the Sunni terrorist group Jabhat Fatah asch-Scham , who are exempt from the ceasefire . About 1200 people have fled the fighting to the government forces since December 30, according to government information.

On January 6th, Russian authorities announced that they would withdraw the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov . On January 25th he was off Great Britain.

On January 7, a car bomb explosion in a market in insurgent Aʿzāz killed at least 43 people. According to the opposition-affiliated Syrian Observatory for Human Rights , a truck or tanker truck was used for the attack. Initially, no group had yet committed to the attack.

In the night of January 12th to 13th, eight rockets hit a military airfield near Damascus. The Syrian government attributed the attack to Israel and complained to the United Nations .

On January 15, IS fighters launched a new offensive against Deir ez-Zor, which they had included . According to the opposition-affiliated Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), 12 government soldiers and 20 IS fighters were killed. For their part, government troops attacked rebels near Ein al-Fija in Wadi Barada, north of Damascus (Qudsaya district), in order to capture the facilities that are important for the capital's water supply. Another attack by pro-government troops began near Palmyra .

The Turkey and Russia flew on 18 January 2017 their first joint air strikes. According to Russian information, 36 IS targets in al-Bab were jointly bombed by 9 Russian and 7 Turkish fighter planes.

On January 28, the Syrian government troops regained control of the pumping station in Wadi Barada from the Salafist Jabhat Fatah asch-Scham (formerly al-Nusra Front).

February

On February 2, IS fighters attacked positions of the Syrian army near as-Sin, east of ad-Dumair. According to SOHR, 14 Syrian soldiers died and IS occupied some army positions. At the same time, the Syrian army announced that they were advancing east of Aleppo against IS and had already occupied several villages. Syrian government troops have advanced near al-Bab, where IS is already fighting with Turkish troops and their allied insurgents who attacked from the north.

On February 3rd and 4th, US forces carried out two air strikes against targets near Idlib . Ten al-Qaeda fighters were killed in the first attack, according to American sources, and the Egyptian Abu Hani al-Masri , who was also a member of al-Qaeda, died on February 4 as a result of a drone attack .

On February 5, the village of Bazaʿa near al-Bab changed hands twice after Turkish troops had initially driven out the IS fighters and then an IS counter-attack drove the Turkish fighters away.

On February 6, advancing Syrian government troops closed the ring around IS-occupied al-Bab by occupying a nearby elevation and thus cutting off al-Bab from the rest of IS territory.

On February 9, 3 Turkish soldiers were killed in a Russian air raid on a building near al-Bab, and 11 others were wounded, according to Turkish information. Russia apologized and described the incident as an accident.

On February 13, SOHR activists reported fighting between two different factions of Islamist rebel fighters in the areas of Idlib province. Fighters from the al-Nusra Front (also known as Jabhat Fatah asch-Scham or Tahrir asch-Scham ) and the group Jund al-Aqsa started fighting for control of several villages. Dozens of Islamists have already been killed.

On February 12, insurgents launched an offensive against government troops in Daraa near the Jordanian border. The attack on the government troops was accompanied by the demolition of a prepared mine chamber and several car bombs . Government troops increasingly launched air strikes in the region. Aid organizations counted 25 dead and thousands of displaced persons who fled the fighting into the surrounding area by February 16.

On February 23, Turkish authorities announced the capture of al-Bab city center by rebels allied with Turkey as part of the Turkish military offensive . 85 to 90 percent of the place are under control. SOHR activists announced that two mass graves with around 130 bodies were discovered near Chan Sheikun in Idlib province . The people were apparently murdered in internal factional battles between the terrorist groups Tahrir al-Sham (al-Nusra Front) and Jund al-Aqsa in recent weeks.

On February 24, an ISIS suicide bomber used a car bomb to kill around 60 people who had gathered at a checkpoint near al-Bab. The vast majority of the victims were civilians awaiting permission to return to the city.

On February 25, suicide bombers from the Tahrir al-Sham group ( al-Nusra Front ) attacked two targets in the city of Homs . At least 42 members of the security staff, including Syrian Brigadier General Hasan Da'bul, were killed, according to SOHR. The last rebel-held district in Homs, al-Wa'ir , has been the target of increased air strikes.

On February 27, Islamist fighters reported that the Egyptian al-Qaeda commander Abu Khayr al-Masri had been killed by a drone attack . His vehicle was attacked by a US drone in Idlib province.

March

On March 1, according to US information, Syrian or Russian planes accidentally advance SDF rebels in the region near al-Bab, in which Turkish troops and their allies, Syrian troops, the SDF and IS fighters are in position in the immediate vicinity , have bombed. Russia denied this; neither Russian nor Syrian planes were involved. Syrian troops and allied militia invaded Palmyra again after losing the city to ISIS in December 2016. According to SOHR activists and Syrian media, the citadel and western parts of the city have been occupied.

On March 2, Russian media reported that Palmyra had been completely retaken. SOHR activists reported that the IS fighters had withdrawn from the city.

On March 4, a Syrian Air Force MiG-23 fighter plane crashed into Turkey, and the 56-year-old pilot was able to save himself with an ejector seat. He said he had been shot down over the province of Idlib shortly before.

On March 7, the US military doubled the number of US soldiers stationed in Syria. By then, around 500 American military personnel were stationed in Syria, made up of special forces and trainers. The regular ground troops of the United States crossed the Turkish-Syrian border on March 7 and drove in armored vehicles to several villages near Manbij , where Kurdish SDF fighters and rebels allied with the US were in the service of Turkey, which was also allied with the US had had sporadic fighting in the past few weeks.

On March 11, attackers from the Sunni, Al-Qaeda- affiliated group Tahrir asch-Scham killed between 40 and 75 people in a double attack near Shiite religious sites in Damascus.

On March 15, on the anniversary of the protests in Syria, there were two suicide bombings in Damascus, in which, according to SOHR, 39 people were killed and around 100 injured.

On March 16, according to SOHR, a mosque in al-Dschinnah was hit by air strikes 30 km west of Aleppo. 42 people were killed and around 100 injured. It was initially unclear who was responsible for the attacks, whether the mosque was attacked directly or a target was hit in the immediate vicinity, was also not clear. The United States carried out an air strike with Reaper drones in the province of Idlib on a meeting of members of terrorist groups that they claimed to have learned about through local spies. According to press reports, four Hellfire missiles were fired and a 500-pound laser-guided bomb dropped. A spokesman for the US military announced the next day: “ We neither aimed at a mosque nor hit a mosque. We aimed at an al-Qaeda meeting across the street. The mosque does not appear to have been damaged by the attack. "

In the early morning of March 17, Israeli warplanes entered Syrian airspace and attacked several targets in the Homs area . The Syrians said they shot down one of the Israeli planes with rockets. The Israeli side admitted the attack on Syrian territory, claiming that arms supplies destined for Hezbollah were the target. You yourself did not suffer any losses. The Syrian missiles were intercepted by the Israeli air defense with Arrow missiles .

Following an agreement in the civil war between the Syrian government and opposition representatives were on March 18, while observing the Arab Red Cross Syrian (SARC) and Russian soldiers up to 500 rebels and their families which since 2013 besieged western city neighborhood al-Wa'ir in Homs in leave the buses provided. Another 12,000 rebels are expected to join in the next few weeks.

On March 19, Islamist rebel groups started an offensive near Damascus in the Jaubar district in the direction of Abbasid Square, apparently to relieve fighters in other places. Government troops reported that the offensive was supported by suicide bombers with explosives in cars and in an armored personnel carrier, and that the attackers used a previously constructed tunnel system to surprisingly bring fighters onto the battlefield, which is said to have been in an abandoned industrial area.

On March 20, the government media and the military reported that the rebel offensive in Damascus had been halted and lost positions had been recaptured. According to SOHR, the fighting continued in the Jaubar and al-Qabun districts. Syrian government forces announced the capture of Dair Hafir .

On March 21, activists announced that an air strike on a school building in al-Mansura near Raqqa in the IS area had killed more than 30 civilians. Various Syrian opposition groups, which have formed the Syrian National Coalition for negotiations in Geneva , then called for an end to the air strikes by the US-led coalition on targets in residential areas of Raqqa. US officials said the next day that attacks were carried out in the region at the time in question. The US commander-in-chief in Syria and Iraq, Stephen Townsend , stated that the attack on the school had not hit civilians according to his own first reports.

In 2020, the OPCW announced in its final report that for attacks on March 24, 25 and 30, 2017 with chlorine and sarin gas on the village of Al-Lataminah ( 39 ° 19′15 ″ N 36 ° 37′21 ″ E ) with at least three dead and 70 injured the Syrian government was responsible.

On March 26, activists from the IS area announced that the Islamists had asked their people in Raqqa to flee. Allegedly, US air strikes damaged the Tabqa Dam over the Euphrates and the water is now threatening Raqqa.

SDF fighters reached the Tabqa dam on March 27th. The fighters had previously been deposed by the US Air Force in the hinterland of the IS and opened the attack against the town of ath-Thaura (Tabqa) supported by air strikes by the USA.

On March 29, the Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım declared the Turkish military offensive in northern Syria had ended. What will happen to the approximately 2,000 km² in the course of the offensive occupied Syrian territory or the FSA troops there remained unclear.

On March 31, the fifth round of negotiations in Geneva ended largely inconclusive after eight days.

April

On April 4, SOHR activists in the town of Chan Shaichun reported 35 people had been killed in an air strike. Two days later, helpers assumed 72 dead. Since many injured people apparently complained about symptoms of poisoning, there was speculation about a possible poison gas attack. A short time later, further attacks occurred and it was assumed that up to 200 people were injured.

While the Syrian military denied a gas attack, Russian authorities speculated that the rebels had accidentally hit a poison gas storage facility. In the British Guardian , an expert questioned this version: The sarin apparently released in Khan Shaykhun would probably have become ineffective if attacked. Other observers speculated about an attack on the site with poison gas by the Sunni terrorist group Nusra Front (Fatah asch-Scham).

On April 6, American special forces attacked an IS hideout near al-Mayadin , killing Abdurakhmon Uzbeki, an IS agent believed to have been involved in the terrorist attack in Istanbul on January 1, 2017 .

On April 7 shooting at the al-Scha'irat air attack on the military airfield US forces 59 Tomahawk - cruise missiles on the airfield of the Syrian Air Force in the province of Homs. It was from this airfield that the air raids on Chan Shaichun were flown. The missiles were launched from the US warships USS Ross and USS Porter in the eastern Mediterranean . Russia had previously been informed of the attack. Apparently seven people were killed in the attack. The Russian Foreign Ministry then announced that cooperation with the US on avoiding incidents during flights during military operations over Syria had been suspended.

On April 8, according to SOHR, Syrian aircraft flew combat missions again from the asch-Schaʿirat military airfield on targets near Homs.

On April 9, IS fighters attacked the base of American and British special forces at at-Tanf in south-east Syria. Around 30 IS fighters, including suicide bombers, are said to have been involved in the attack. A relief attack by pro-Western rebels from the Usud al-Sharqiyya group was also the target of the attack, with four rebels and eight IS fighters killed. The IS fighters would ultimately have repulsed ground troops with the help of air support.

On April 11, a US air strike hit SDF fighters, killing 18 of them. According to US military information, the attacking aircraft had received incorrect target coordinates from the SDF.

According to SOHR, the simultaneous evacuation of the remaining residents and fighters of the Shiite enclaves al-Fuʿa and Kafriya, as well as those of the residents and fighters of the rebel enclave Madaya near Damascus, began on April 14th.

On April 15, a suicide bomber blew himself up about 15:30 pm local time after SOHR figures his car into Rashidin west of Aleppo in the air . He met a convoy waiting with Shiites evacuated from al-Fuʿa and Kafriya at a checkpoint in the rebel area to continue their journey. 126 people, including evacuees and fighters accompanying them from the Tahrir al-Sham militia, are said to have been killed.

On April 23, Israeli forces attacked a Syrian outpost in the Golan Heights near Quneitra, according to SOHR . Three fighters from a militia affiliated with the government are said to have been killed. How the attack was carried out remained unclear.

US forces take Stryker -Transportpanzern alongside YPG fighters on April 29 by the Syrian Qamishli .

On the night of April 24-25, Turkish air forces bombed positions belonging to the United States-backed Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) near al-Malikiyah . According to the SOHR, at least 18 YPG members were killed.

On April 26th, there was an exchange of fire between Kurdish fighters and Turkish soldiers near Al-Darbasiyah .

On April 27, Israeli armed forces attacked targets near Damascus with guided missiles, according to Syrian state media. Observers suspected that Hezbollah's weapons depot near the airport was the target of the attack.

May

On May 2, IS fighters attacked a refugee camp and an SDF checkpoint in Radschm al-Salibi, east of al-Schaddadi . The refugees had been waiting in the camp for permission to enter the SDF area. According to the SOHR, 38 people, including 23 civilians, were killed.

On May 6, a plan for protection zones in Syria came into force, which representatives of Russia, Iran and Turkey had previously agreed in Astana . Accordingly, the fighting, including air strikes, is to be stopped in four "de-escalation zones". The zones include all relevant areas that were not controlled by the Islamic State , the Syrian government or the SDF at the time of the agreement . These include the rebel areas of Idlib Governorate , an area on the border with Jordan, a suburb east of Damascus and an area near Homs.

On May 9, the US Department of Defense announced that President Trump had authorized the YPG to arm Syrian Kurds. Representatives of Turkey who fear the weapons could be leaked to the PKK in Turkey were informed of the move on May 8.

On May 10, SDF fighters captured the Tabqa Dam 40 km west of Raqqa from the IS. According to the US military, around 70 remaining IS fighters had given up and withdrew from Tabqa on the basis of an agreement.

On May 17, ISIS Islamist fighters attacked the villages of ʿAqarib and al-Maʿbudscha near Hama . SOHR activists said 27 pro-government militants were killed and at least 15 civilians also died. IS fighters subsequently executed people who had been captured.

On May 18, American air forces attacked Syrian government forces at at-Tanf in southern Syria near the Iraqi border. These had previously advanced with a column, according to the American representation, in a 40-kilometer exclusion zone around the rebel base, in which the USA will not tolerate any aircraft or ground troops of the government and its allies after an incident with Russian air strikes on June 20, 2016 . A Syrian government observer said the American attack killed eight soldiers and destroyed several vehicles. According to other sources, four T-62 tanks and one ZSU-23-4 anti-aircraft vehicle , all manned by Shiite militiamen, of whom six were killed and 25 wounded, were in fact destroyed in the attack. Observers viewed the advance as a Syrian attempt to secure supplies by land from Iran via Iraq, and the American attack as a sign of a strategy that is trying to prevent this.

According to SOHR, more than 100 people were killed in air strikes by the anti-IS coalition in al-Mayadin on the night from May 25 to May 26, 2017 .

On May 30th, SDF fighters fought their way up to three kilometers from the northern border of the city of ar-Raqqa. They also controlled the eastern and western entrances to the city. Air strikes by the US coalition had previously destroyed bridges over the Euphrates on the only open road south .

On May 31, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that the Admiral Essen frigate ( Project 11356M ) and the Krasnodar submarine ( Project 636.3 ) had launched at least four Calibrate missiles from their positions in the Mediterranean Sea on IS targets east of Palmyra . His targets were heavy weapons and groups of fighters who had moved from ar-Raqqa towards Palmyra. It was only at the end of June that it became known that US coalition air forces launched an attack on al-Mayadin on May 31 , in which IS chief cleric Turki al-Binali from Bahrain was allegedly killed.

June

On June 5th, as part of their " Wrath of the Euphrates " offensive, SDF fighters opened the attack on the urban area of ​​ar-Raqqa with simultaneous attacks from the north, west and east of the city.

On June 6, US fighter planes again attacked Syrian government troops allegedly approaching the special forces base at at-Tanf. According to US information, two artillery pieces and an anti-aircraft weapon were destroyed.

On June 8, US air forces reportedly shot down a drone that was traveling in the at-Tanaf region. The flying object was armed, attacked its own forces and is probably one of the forces who fought for President Assad. Russian authorities said their warplanes killed more than a hundred IS fighters, including two leaders , near the besieged Syrian enclave Deir ez-Zor on June 6 and 8. According to press research, Russian authorities had already claimed the killing of one of these leaders in attacks in May 2017 near ar-Raqqa.

On June 11, SDF fighters announced the capture of a district of ar-Raqqa. 12 IS fighters were killed in the process. Jordanian border guards meanwhile shot dead five people who had tried to cross the border at the border triangle Syria-Iraq-Jordan in three vehicles from Syria. According to SOHR, Syrian troops have meanwhile reached the Iraqi border 70 kilometers north of at-Tanf and thus laid the foundation for a supply route from Iran to Syria. The simultaneous advance of American-supported fighters from at-Tanaf to the north was thus prevented.

On June 14, SOHR activists reported several air strikes on rebel areas in Darʿā governorate .

On June 15, the transfer of two HIMARS rocket artillery systems of the US armed forces from Jordan to the base near at-Tanf in southern Syria became known. Military circles told the press that the system, with a range of up to 300 km, could support the fight against IS and help protect its own forces. The Russian Defense Ministry announced that it was not sure against whom the US would use these weapons and against whom it was actually fighting in Syria. One feared attacks on Syrian government troops with HIMARS.

On June 18, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard launched several surface-to-surface missiles from Iran on targets in Syria. The attack on IS facilities in Deir ez-Zor province was reported to have been carried out in retaliation for the double attack in Tehran on June 7, 2017 . Syrian forces also announced the loss of a Su-22 fighter-bomber that was shot down by a US F / A-18E / F fighter jet . According to US information, the Syrian fighter plane dropped bombs near SDF fighters at ath-Thaura before it was shot down . The Syrian armed forces claim to have fought IS.

On June 20, a US F-15E fighter aircraft shot down an Iranian Shahed 129 drone that US reports said had threatened allied fighters at at-Tanaf. The incident was similar to that on June 8th.

On June 23, Russian warships launched sixkal cruise missiles on targets in Syria from their positions off the Syrian coast . The Russian Defense Ministry announced that it had attacked IS facilities in Hama Governorate .

On June 24, Israeli fighter jets attacked military targets in Syria allegedly involved in a shootout on the border with Israel, in the course of which several shells hit Israel-occupied territory in the Golan Heights . The Israelis circulated images of two Syrian tanks attacked from the air. The Syrian military said the Israelis wanted to support Islamist fighters with the attack. SOHR activists reported an attack by rebels from Quneitra near the border on Syrian government troops near Madinat al-Baath.

On June 26, the US government announced through its spokesman, Spicer , that the Assad administration might be planning another poison gas attack. If the attack were carried out, Assad and his military would pay a “heavy price”. UN Ambassador Haley announced on Twitter that every attack (of this kind) in Syria will be attributed to the Assad government and its allies Russia and Iran. Turkish troops tried again to support an attack by genuine rebels in Afrin on the Menagh military airfield by coordinating an artillery preparation of several hours from Turkish territory with a ground attack by the rebels. The Kurdish YPG fighters said they were able to repel the attack.

On June 27, the village of Doblan, in the area on the Euphrates still held by IS, was hit by cluster bombs in an air strike, according to activists . According to an initial SOHR estimate, 30 people are said to have been killed.

On June 29, the United States Central Command announced that SDF units that had marched east from the Tabqa area had reached positions south of ar-Raqqa and that the ring around the city was now closed.

July

On July 2, Damascus was targeted by three attackers who attempted to enter the city with car bombs . According to state media, two attackers were stopped without loss, the third blew up his vehicle near the Bab Touma district after being surrounded by security forces. 18 people are said to have been killed.

On July 5, Russian Tupolev Tu-95MS long-range bombers attacked ISIS targets on the border between the Syrian provinces of Hama and Homs using Ch-101 cruise missiles . The Russian side announced that three large arsenals and an IS command post near the Syrian city of Aqarbat had been destroyed.

The Syrian army and the people's militia claimed to have regained control of the town of Jabab Hamad and the al-Hail gas field in the east of Homs province .

On the sidelines of the G20 summit in Hamburg , the presidents of Russia and the USA, Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump , agreed a ceasefire for the Darʿā and al-Quneitra governorates in the south-west of the country. The beginning was set at noon on July 9th.

On July 15, Syrian state media reported the capture of the oil wells Wahab, al Fahd, Dbaysan, al-Qseer, Abu al Qatat and Abu Qatash in the west of ar-Raqqa governorate .

On July 17, Syrian government troops reported the capture of the Daylaa oil well and the Zamla natural gas field. According to SOHR, the associations of government troops and Shiite militias supporting them had fought their way up to 55 km from Deir ez-Zor . Skirmishes between YPG fighters and fighters supported by Turkey took place in the village of Ain Daqna, south of Aʿzāz .

On July 19, it became known that President Trump is having the US secret service CIA end the arming and training of moderate rebels in Syria. The associations that fight against IS are excluded. Also on July 19, fighting broke out in Idlib Governorate between rebel groups of the Haiʾat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Ahrar al-Sham for control of the province.

On July 21, Shiite militias from Lebanon, starting from Arsal , and from Syria, starting from Flita , opened the attack on areas on the Syrian-Lebanese border that are still held by fighters of the Sunni terrorist group al-Nusra Front . In Idlib Governorate, fighters from the Sunni groups HTS and Ahrar al-Scham agreed after fighting each other to place the Bab al-Hawa border crossing under civilian control.

On July 27, IS fighters on motorcycles attacked a village near ar-Raqqa and, according to SOHR, killed or kidnapped dozens of SDF fighters and civilians.

August

SOHR activists announced on August 6th that Syrian government troops had recaptured as-Suchna from ISIS, which had been held by ISIS since May 2015.

On August 12, a suicide bomber attacked a Jaish al-Islam base on the border with Jordan, killing 23 people, according to SOHR.

On August 20, rebels fired a rocket at a mass in Damascus. 5 people died.

According to SOHR estimates, 167 civilians were killed in the fighting over Ar-Raqqa from 14 to 22 August in coalition air strikes.

The Syrian government and its Hezbollah allies surprisingly agreed to ceasefire and agreements on the free withdrawal of IS fighters in the region near -Nabk on the Lebanese border. In return, they achieved the withdrawal of the remaining 300 or so fighters from the IS garrison and the surrender of the corpses of Lebanese soldiers whom IS had previously abducted and murdered. On August 30, on the route from the Lebanese border to the IS areas in the Deir ez-Zor region , coalition fighter planes attacked streets and bridges on which the IS fighters had tried to escape. The goal of the coalition is to prevent the IS fighters from infiltrating into Iraq again. Of the 17 buses with IS fighters and their families, some vehicles ran aground outside Deir ez-Zor in an area under the control of the Syrian government because the air strikes had made the roads impassable.

September

On September 1, SDF fighters announced that they had captured the old town of Ar-Raqqa from IS. This means that 65% of the city is under the control of the alliance.

On September 5, Syrian troops reportedly broke through the IS siege ring that had been in place since 2014 around the Syrian garrison troops in Deir ez-Zor.

On September 7th, according to Syrian sources, Israeli fighter planes attacked a facility in western Syria near Masyaf . Two people were killed. There was no official statement from Israel. SOHR activists described the facility as a scientific research laboratory, the USA classified it as a “research institute for non-conventional weapons”, which is also said to have been responsible for the production of chemical weapons.

On September 8, Russian authorities announced that they had wounded Tajik IS commander Gulmurod Khalimov in an air strike and killed 40 fighters. According to Russian reports, an IS command bunker was hit in Deir ez-Zor.

On September 13, the bus convoy, which transported around 300 IS fighters and their families from the Lebanese border to the east on the basis of an agreement with the Syrian military, reached al-Mayadin in IS territory after 17 days . The US Air Force's unblocking of the convoy in an area actually under the control of the Syrian government was finally enforced by the Russian Federation, which ordered the Americans to withdraw the planes and then let the convoy pass unmolested. According to activists, some of the fighters crossed the border into Iraq. The American Air Force had previously monitored the convoy without a break and, according to its own statements, killed a total of around 20 fighters who had left the shelter of women and children, for example to leave. Around 40 vehicles that IS sent to help the convoy were also shot down by the US Air Force. The US estimates the total losses of IS in the action at 85 fighters.

On September 14, Russian authorities announced that the Project 877 submarines Veliky Novgorod and Kolpino had attacked ISIS targets near Deir ez-Zor with cruise missiles from positions in the Mediterranean. The goals of the seven floors were weapons storage, command and communication facilities. A group of journalists from different countries witnessed the launch of the calibr missiles by the submarines, for the observation of which they had previously been transported by the Russian military to the Project 11356M frigate Admiral Essen .

On September 15, it became known that representatives of Russia, Iran and Turkey had agreed in talks in Astana on the establishment of a so-called “de-escalation zone” in the Syrian governorate of Idlib, initially set up for 6 months . The military should monitor a ceasefire and access to the area.

On September 21, the remnants of IS held only a small contiguous area on the Euphrates between Deir ez-Zor and the border with Iraq at Abu Kamal . The Russian Defense Ministry issued a warning to the United States and its allies that if the Russians or their allies were shot at, they would attack occupied territory by their troops. The background was that various militias, Russian and Syrian troops on the one hand, and US troops and militias allied with them on the other, were getting closer and closer in pushing back IS, and SDF militias two artillery attacks on allies of the Russians in the past few days performed at Deir ez-Zor.

On September 22nd, Syrian authorities reported an Israeli air strike on a target near Damascus airport . Israeli warplanes launched at least two missiles from outside Syrian airspace early in the morning and hit a convoy or an arsenal.

Russian Lieutenant General Valery Assapov was killed on September 23 in Deir ez-Zor in a grenade launcher attack by IS on a command post. On September 24, the Iranian state media announced a drone attack by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard on ISIS targets in eastern Syria. Vehicles, equipment and supplies of ammunition were destroyed.

According to the newspaper The Independent , IS fighters allegedly attacked Syrian troops in the village of Ash Shula on September 28 after a speech by IS leader al-Baghdadi was published on the Internet. There are also said to have been heavy attacks on SDF troops in ar-Raqqa by the remains of the enclosed IS garrison. A little later, Shiite militias reported that they had recaptured the village of ash-Schula. According to the Associated Press news agency , SOHR observers expect 120 casualties from the ranks of government-loyal troops alone after the fighting. Russian and Syrian warplanes are said to have intensified their air strikes on targets near Aleppo, Hama and Idlib. According to activists, 42 villages were hit on September 29th alone. A total of 150 people are said to have been killed in air strikes during the week. Two Russians who, according to observers, served as mercenaries in Syria were captured by IS in Ash Shulah and shown on video on the Internet. Activists from the Conflict Intelligence Team identified the men through their social media profiles and assigned one of them to the Russian mercenary group Wagner . The second man was also identified by his brother as a member of the Wagner group. Putin's press spokesman Peskow was evasive and did not want to confirm the identity of the men. When asked, the Russian Defense Ministry stated that they would not be members of the armed forces. The British tabloid Daily Mail later claimed that, according to Russian politicians, both men were murdered by IS shortly afterwards.

October

On October 2, 17 civilians were killed in air strikes by coalition forces on the last IS-held districts in northern ar-Raqqa, according to SOHR. ISIS fighters held less than 10% of the city at this point.

On October 7th and 8th, Russian fighter planes carried out numerous attacks. According to Russian sources, 180 enemy fighters were killed. According to SOHR, 13 civilians were killed in air strikes on Chan Shaichun in Idlib province. Troops continued to be concentrated on the Turkish side of the border with Idlib Province and the Turkish President announced their deployment to enforce the de-escalation zone that Turkey had agreed with the partner states of the Syria Conference in Astana against local HTS fighters .

On October 8, Turkish reconnaissance troops in several vehicles, accompanied by pro-Turkish militias, advanced into the Idlib province on Syrian territory. In the village of Kafr Lusain there was an artillery duel with HTS fighters who had tried to prevent the removal of border fortifications by Turkish troops by shelling them.

On October 14, the Syrian army, supported by the Russian air force in the offensive, recaptured the city of al-Mayadin in the Deir ez-Zor governorate from the IS terrorist militia. The US coalition in ar-Raqqa reached an agreement with remnants of ISIS in the city that local fighters would leave the city and move to other ISIS areas. Foreign IS fighters are excluded.

According to the Israeli military, on October 16, Israeli warplanes attacked anti-aircraft positions in Syria near the Lebanese border after targeting Israeli reconnaissance planes over Lebanon and launching an S-200 missile. The Syrian position was then attacked and hit four times.

On October 17th, SDF fighters and allies announced the capture of ar-Raqqa . In the battle for ar-Raqqa against the terrorist organization Islamic State , an estimated 1,000 civilians were killed and a significant part of the infrastructure was destroyed.

On October 22, it became known that the Syrian Army and Tiger Forces had captured the village of Mahkan and the city of al-Quriya south of al-Mayadin. In addition, the city of Chisham east of Deir ez-Zor was also recaptured by the IS terrorist militia.

On October 31, the Russian Foreign Ministry announced that it would invite 33 groups and parties of the civil war in Syria to a constitutional congress for Syria in Sochi on November 18 under the title "Syrian Congress of National Dialogue". Iran, Turkey and the Syrian government agreed to support the initiative. The opposition groups, which are united under the "High Negotiating Committee" (HNC), declined to participate, the Syrian national coalition preferred a transition process controlled by the United Nations. The Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) agreed to participate, but Turkish politicians refuse to participate.

November

On November 2, the Syrian government announced the complete capture of Deir ez-Zor . With the support of Shiite militias and the Russian air force, the government troops drove out the remaining IS fighters.

On November 8th, the border town of Abu Kamal was recaptured by Syrian troops and allied militias of the terrorist group Islamic State.

On November 14th, according to Syrian state media, Islamist fighters from Eastern Ghouta attacked the Syrian army base in Harasta. Syrian Major General Walid Khawashqi is said to have been killed.

On November 20, there were shootings between Turkish and Kurdish fighters in the area around Idlib / Afrin . The Turkish media spread the version in which Kurdish YPG fighters had fired four artillery shells on Turkish positions on Syrian soil. Turkish troops would then have shot at the other side.

From November 20 to 24, the Syrian air force flew numerous attacks on the trapped rebel enclave in Eastern Ghouta. Rescue workers counted 181 individual attacks.

On November 23, the Russian Defense Ministry reported another large-scale air strike against the IS terrorist group in Deir ez-Zor governorate. Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers reportedly attacked jihadist targets near the city of Abu Kamal. Terrorist fighters were killed and equipment destroyed. In addition, Su-24 fighter bombers from the Russian military airfield Hmeimim participated with precise individual attacks. The control system had confirmed the destruction of all specified targets. Su-30SM and Su-35S fighter jets, also stationed at the Hmeimim military airfield, escorted the bombers during their attacks.

December

Presidents Putin and Assad with Generals Schoigu and Ayyoub on December 11, 2017 at the Hmeimim military airfield.

On December 2, according to SOHR activists, Israeli forces attacked a Syrian army depot near al-Kiswa south of Damascus with several rockets.

On December 7th, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that ISIS had been defeated on Syrian territory and that Syria had now been freed from it.

On December 11, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the withdrawal of Russian troops from Syria in a speech at the Hmeimim military airfield . The IS was defeated and it ordered the withdrawal of a "significant part" of the Russian troops from Syria.

On December 13, 23 civilians were killed in air strikes on a town east of the Euphrates controlled by the IS terrorist militia, according to activists. The air strikes were flown by the US-led coalition that is supporting an SDF offensive in this region in Deir ez-Zor governorate .

On December 15, the Syrian Army and its 3rd Division continued the offensive from the Hama Governorate to the north and recaptured the heights of Tal Syria Tel from fighters from the Islamist group Haiʾat Tahrir asch-Scham and those from the Jaysh al-Izza group.

On December 27, government-related agencies reported in Syria that 122-mm rockets ( BM-21 series ) by extremists towards the Russian base on the military airfield Hmeimim and city Jableh from a region in Bidama and Jisr al-Shughur started were. The Russian air defense stationed on the base was able to intercept the missiles. As a result, several retaliatory strikes by Russian fighter jets were recorded in the area from which the missiles were launched. Also on December 27th, the evacuation of the first of 29 medical emergencies from the besieged Eastern Ghouta to Damascus was reported. The agreement was made as part of an ICRC- mediated exchange of prisoners .

On December 28, it became known that Kurdish People's Defense Units had arrested eight French IS fighters around the convert and IS commander Thomas Barnouin (alias Abdelhakim) on the Iraqi border. The French government stated that the arrested French were initially subject to local justice in Syria.

On December 30, the remaining extremists of the jihadist alliance Haiʾat Tahrir al-Sham and other irregular troops in the village of Beit Jinn near the Golan Heights gave up after days of fighting against militia loyal to the regime and government troops and left with their families in several buses after an agreement with the Syrian government the region. According to the Syrian state media, 153 people, including 106 fighters, have been evacuated. They were taken to insurgent-occupied parts of Dar Gā governorate and Idlib governorate .

On December 31, according to Russian reports from January 4, 2018, the Hmeimim military airfield was shelled , as on December 27 . Two Russian military personnel were killed and 10 others were injured according to newspaper reports. The alleged destruction of 7 Russian fighter planes was denied by the Russian Defense Ministry. According to the Defense Ministry , a Russian Mi-24 attack helicopter crashed as a result of a defect on the way to the Hama air force base, killing both pilots.

See also

Individual evidence

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