Project 1135

Project 1135

Project 1135 frigate "Sadornyy" in 1988

Ship data Ship type frigate Shipyard * Shipyard 190 Leningrad Shipyard 820 Kaliningrad Shipyard 532 Kerch Construction period Since 1968 Units built 32 period of service Since 1970

Ship dimensions and crew length 123 m ( Lüa ) width 14.20 m Draft Max. 1135: 4.51 m 11351: 4.72 m displacement 1135: 3,550 tons 11351: 3,545 t   crew 1135: 194 men 11351: 192 men

Machine system machine COGAG 2 × M8K turbines 2 × M62 turbines Machine performance M8K: 2 × 36,000 PS (26,478 kW) M62: 2 × 12,000 PS (8,826 kW) Top speed 32 kn (59 km / h) propeller 2

Armament 1135 2 × 2 76mm L / 59 AK-726 1 × 4 UPRK-3 SFK starters 2 × 2 9K33 Osa -FlaRak 2 × 1 RBU-6000 water bomb launchers 2 × 4 torpedo tubes ∅ 53.3 cm 1135M (instead of AK-726) 2 × 1 100 mm L / 59 AK-100 11351: 1 × 1 100 mm L / 59 AK-100 1 × 2 4K33-Osa-M -FlaRak 2 × 1 30mm L / 54 AK-630 2 × 1 RBU-6000 water bomb launchers 2 × 4 torpedo tubes ∅ 533 mm

Project 1135 , code name Burjewestnik ( Russian "Буревестник" Petrel ), designated by NATO as the Kriwak class , is a class of frigates that was developed for the Soviet Navy .

The ship type was also exported to India as the Talwar class and has been in the service of the Russian Navy since the collapse of the Soviet Union and one unit - the Hetman Sahaidachnyj  - is in the service of the Ukrainian Navy as the flagship .

history

The project was from 1964 to 1966 on the basis of anti-submarine cruisers of projects in 1134 and 1134 A developed. Project 1135, however, was more geared towards submarine hunting and the heavy armament used by the cruisers of Project 1134 to fight surface ships and aircraft at great distances was dispensed with.

The ships of Project 1135 were designed with a top speed of up to 32 knots both to accompany slow convoys and to secure fast formations of fleets. The lack of an on- board helicopter in the original version limited its radius when searching for submarines. So they were dependent on search operations in groups or pairs in order to be able to use their long-range weapons UPRK-3 (SS-N-14) at all.

The limited possibilities of the ships allowed a low water displacement and small dimensions and consequently the construction in small shipyards, which significantly relieved the shipyard capacities of the Navy.

technology

drive

The drive consists of a COGAG system ( combined gas and gas ), with an M8K gas turbine driving a shaft with 36,000 hp. If necessary, a second M62 turbine can increase the output by 12,000 hp. The speed of the ships is a maximum of 32 knots.

Armament

The armament of the class was quite noticeable. On the foredeck, a massive rectangular launcher with four juxtaposed launch tubes for UPRK-3 (SS-N-14) missiles for fighting submarines was set up. Behind it, in front of the superstructure, and at the rear there was a retractable double starter for 4K33 Osa-M anti-aircraft missiles with a magazine for 40 guided missiles. In addition, the ships had two four-way torpedo tubes and two twelve-way ASW missiles from the RBU-6000 system . At the stern there were two naval guns , either 76 mm on the Kriwak-I or 100 mm on the Kriwak-II .

The UPRK-3 (SS-N-14) guided missiles were later replaced on some ships by the 85RU, a modernized version of the weapon that could be used against submarines as well as against ships on the surface.

Sensors and electronic warfare

Project 1135 was equipped with an MR-755 Fregat-M radar (NATO: Half Plate) to search for air and surface contacts, which was positioned on the top of the main mast and has a range of approximately 150 km.

To search for underwater contacts, a sonar system consisting of a low-frequency sonar device MG-332 Titan-2 (NATO: "Bull Nose") was installed in the bulbous bow and a towing sonar device MG-325 (NATO: "Mare Tail").

As on many warships of Soviet origin, the OSA anti-aircraft missiles are guided via an MPZ-301 radar (NATO: "Pop Group"). One of these radar sensors is placed on the roof of the bridge and another one amidships on the superstructure behind the chimney.

Future and replacement

There are currently four Kriwak I / II and three Kriwak III in service with the Russian Navy. The Kriwak IV design was initially only offered for export. Overall, the Kriwaks are to be replaced in the future by corvettes of the Stereguschtschi-class and frigates of the Admiral Gorshkov class . Surprisingly, however, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Naval Forces, Admiral Vladimir Vysotsky , announced on September 25, 2010 that three frigates of Project 1135 had been ordered for the Black Sea Fleet from the Jantar shipyard in Kaliningrad . By 2015 she is to receive at least five ships of this type. According to this order, the keel-laying of Admiral Grigorowitsch took place at “Jantar” on December 18, 2010 and is to be handed over to the fleet in 2014. On July 8, 2011, the Admiral Essen , named after the Russian Admiral Nikolai von Essen , was laid down. The laying of the keel of the third ship in the series, the Admiral Makarow , named after the Russian Admiral Stepan Makarow , took place on February 29, 2012.

Versions

Project 1135

At three shipyards in Leningrad , Kaliningrad and Kerch , 21 units of the Kriwak I class (Project 1135) were built. The period of construction was between 1968 and 1982 or 1983. Three of the units were apparently modernized around 1990. Instead of the launcher for the anti-submarine guided missiles SS-N-14 , these units were retrofitted with SS-N-25 anti-ship missiles and were called Project 1135.2 . Another subtype of project 1135 was project 1135.3 , in which modernization steps in the sensor equipment were reproduced. In the course of this work, the 1135.3 ships 1983-84 received an MG-325 sonar system.

Surname	shipyard	Launch	Commissioning	Whereabouts and remarks
Bditelny	Jantar, Kaliningrad	March 28, 1970	December 31, 1970
Bodry	Jantar, Kaliningrad	April 15, 1971	December 31, 1971
Swirepy	Jantar, Kaliningrad	1971
Storoschewoi	Jantar, Kaliningrad	1972	December 30, 1973	There was a mutiny on the ship in 1975 that inspired Tom Clancy's novel The Hunt for Red October .
Silny	Jantar, Kaliningrad	1972
Rasumny	Jantar, Kaliningrad	20th July 1973	September 30, 1974
Razyashchi	Jantar, Kaliningrad	July 22, 1974	December 30, 1974
Druzhny	Jantar, Kaliningrad	22nd January 1975	September 30, 1975
Dostoiny	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch	1971
Doblestny	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch	1973
Dejatelny	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch	1973
Bessavetny	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch	1973		In the 1988 Black Sea incident, the ship rammed a US Navy military ship near the Crimea .
Besukorisnenny	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch		December 1979
Ladny	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch	1980		In August 2009 the frigate Ladny (Kriwak-I) was involved in the search for the cargo ship Arctic Sea together with three Project 775 ships and two nuclear submarines .
Porywisty	Kamysh-Burun, Kerch	January 10, 1982
Sharki	Zhdanov, Leningrad	June 26, 1976
Retiwy	Zhdanov, Leningrad	December 28, 1976
Leningradsky Komsomolets	Zhdanov, Leningrad	1976	29th September 1977	Renamed Legki in 1992
Letutschi	Zhdanov, Leningrad	August 10, 1978
Pylki	Zhdanov, Leningrad	December 28, 1978
Sadorny	Zhdanov, Leningrad	March 25, 1979	August 31, 1979

Project 1135M

Eleven units of this project, designated by NATO as the Kriwak II class , were built in Kaliningrad between 1975 and 1983. They carried two 100mm L / 59 turrets AK-100 instead of the 76mm guns of their predecessors. The sonar system was converted to the MG-332 "Titan 2T" system.

Surname	shipyard	Launch	Commissioning	Whereabouts and remarks
Bessmenny
Gordeliwy
Gromki
Grozyashchi
Neukrotimy				Retired.
Pytliwy
Rasitelny
Revnostny
Reski
Reswy
Ryavny

Project 1135.1

Hetman Sahaidachnyi Ukrainian Naval Forces

This variant, called by NATO Kriwak III class , was modified for the requirements of the border troops of the Soviet Union, which were subordinate to the KGB ; they do not have cruise missiles, instead a hangar was installed on the stern for permanent stationing of a helicopter. The artillery armament was moved to the forecastle because of the helicopter hangar and now consisted of a 100 mm L / 59 gun turret AK-100 . The close-range defense was reinforced by two 30 mm L / 54 AK-630 guns positioned to the star and port sides of the helicopter hangar . The units were built in Kerch between 1984 and 1993. The Pike-M variant of the MG-325 sonar was installed here as the sonar system.

Surname	shipyard	Launch	Commissioning	Whereabouts and remarks
Menschinski
Dzerzhinsky
Oryol				ex Imeni XXVII sjesda KPSS ("27th Party Congress of the CPSU")
Anadyr				ex Imeni 70-Letija Pogranitschnych ("70 years of border troops")
Pskov				ex Imeni LXX Letija WTschk-KGB. ("70 years of the Cheka KGB")
Kedrow				Out of service in 2002.
Vorovsky				Ukrainian Navy.
Hetman Sahaidachnyj		1992	1993	Ukrainian Navy, flagship.
Hetman Bajda Vysnevetskyj				Intended for the Ukrainian Navy. Ex Krasnyj Wympel ("Red Pennant"), renamed in August 1992, in 1995 the construction was canceled.

Project 1135.6

→ Main article : Talwar class

Starting in 2002, India acquired three further improved Kriwaks (Project 1135.6), which are listed there as the Talwar class . In 2006, both countries signed a contract for three further units, of which the eponymous ship (INS Talwar (F40)) was put into service on June 18, 2003. INS Trikand (F51), the last ship of the class, entered service on June 29, 2013 by the Indian Navy.

The units in this series differ from the previous versions in that they have been redesigned and offer limited stealth properties. The sonar system was changed to the type "Zvezda" M-1 with an MG-345 bow sonar and a new tow sonar.

Project 11356M

→ Main article : Project 11356

Originally, the ships of Project 11356M were designated by NATO as the Kriwak IV class, but later renamed the Admiral Grigorowitsch class . The Russian Navy had originally ordered six Project 1135.6 frigates for the Black Sea Fleet, construction of five ships began, while the sixth was initially canceled. The reason was the conflict with Ukraine. As a result of the resulting embargo, Ukrainian gas turbines and MTU diesel engines were no longer available from ship four . The unfinished ships four and five were sold to India in the summer of 2016. Two more ships for India are being built by Goa Shipyard Limited.

Evidence and references

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} J. Pike: Project 1135 Burevestnik Krivak class Frigate , Global Security, accessed November 21, 2008
2. ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. P. 279.
3. ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. Pp. 647-648.
4. ↑ RIA Novosti: Black Sea Fleet will be expanded annually from 2013 by a few frigates , accessed on September 25, 2010.
5. ↑ FLOTPROM.ru: День завода ПЗС "Янтарь" отметит закладкой нового корабля и вручением ключей от дома. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.
6. ↑ FLOT.com: ВМФ России получит в 2014 году фрегат "Адмирал Григорович" (January 9, 2012). Retrieved January 9, 2012. (Russian, "The Russian Navy will receive the frigate 'Admiral Grigorowitsch' in 2014").
7. ↑ FlotProm.ru: Закладка фрегата "Адмирал Макаров" состоится на ПСЗ "Янтарь" (February 28, 2012). Retrieved on March 1, 2012. (Russian, "The keel-laying of the frigate 'Admiral Makarow' is taking place at the shipyard 'Jantar'.").
8. ^ William J. Aceves: Diplomacy at Sea: US Freedom of Navigation Operations in the Black Sea . In: International Law Studies . 68, August.
9. ↑ Report on Spiegel-Online from August 14, 2009 , accessed on August 14, 2009
10. ^ RIA Novosti: Last test: Russian frigate for India evades torpedoes (December 7, 2011). Retrieved December 7, 2011.
11. ↑ Eric Wertheim: The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. 15th edition, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland 2007, ISBN 978-1-59114-955-2 , pp. 293-2.
12. ↑ Stephen Saunders: Jane's Fighting Ships, Edition 2015-2016 . United Kingdom, 2015. p. 700.
13. ↑ India to acquire three Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates from Russia, Janes, August 4, 2016
14. ↑ India to buy four upgraded Krivak III frigates for USD3 billion, Janes, February 27, 2018

literature

• Юрий В. Апальков: Боевые корабли мира на рубеже xx - xxi веков - Часть III Фрегаты. (For example: Yuri W. Apalkow: Warships of the World at the Turn of the 20th–21st Century - Part III Frigates. ), Galea Print, 2001, ISBN 5-8172-0052-X (Russian).
• С.С. Бережной: Сторожевые корабли ВМФ СССР и России 1945-2000. (For example: SS Bereschnoi: Guard ships of the Navy of the USSR and Russia. ) Moscow 2000 (Russian).
• Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. US Naval Institute Press, 2006, ISBN 1-55750-262-5 (English).

Web links

Commons : Kriwak class  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Kriwak class on fas.org (English)
• Kriwak class on ship.bsu.by (Russian)
• Kriwak class on Warfare.ru (Russian)