Moskva class

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Project 1123
Project 1123 cruiser Leningrad, 1985
Project 1123 cruiser Leningrad , 1985
Ship data
Ship type Flight deck cruiser
Shipyard Shipyard 198 Mykolaiv
Construction period 1962 to 1969
Units built 2
Ship dimensions and crew
length
189.10 m ( Lüa )
176 m ( KWL )
width 34 m
Draft Max. 7.70 m
displacement empty: 11,920 t

Use: 15,280 t

 
crew 850 men
Machine system
machine 2 × main turbines
Machine
performance 		2 × 45,000 PS (33,097 kW)
Top
speed 		28.5 kn (53 km / h)
propeller 2
Armament
Furnishing
Helicopter capacity

18 × Ka-25 or Mi-8

Project 1123 ( Russian "Кондор" "condor"), designated by NATO as the Moskva class , was the first class of flight deck cruisers of the Soviet Navy from which a large number of aircraft (in this case helicopters ) could take off. This is why these ships are sometimes also referred to as helicopter carriers. The only two ships in the class entered service in the 1970s and were in service until the early / mid-1990s.

history

With the introduction of the George Washington-class SSBNs in the United States Navy , the Soviet leadership was forced to improve the anti-submarine capabilities of their fleet. In the mid-1960s, the order for three ships of the designated class was placed. The girders were laid down at the Nosenko shipyard in Mykolaiv on the Black Sea coast . The first ship, the Moskva , was completed in 1967, the Leningrad followed two years later. The third ship of the class, Kiev , which was to receive improved anti-ship weapons and a larger flight deck, was decommissioned and demolished in 1969 while construction was still ongoing, among other things because initial experience with the two completed ships revealed massive problems - such were they Ships are very susceptible to wind because of their high superstructures, and they are also very heavy-duty.

The two flight deck cruisers were assigned to the Black Sea Fleet and operated from their bases in the Crimea in the Black and Mediterranean and partly in the Atlantic . As escort ships for the Soviet nuclear submarines, they should protect them from American hunting submarines , but also hunt rocket-carrying submarines of the US Navy and its allies in the event of war. The ships were also used as a training ship for officers of the later Kiev-class aircraft carriers .

technology

Rear view of the Moscow River 1982, the hangar and the narrow elevator can be seen
Bow view of the Leningrad , visible are the guided missile starters , the fire control and air surveillance radars

hull

The hull of the Moskva carrier was 179 m long and 23 m wide at the waterline, the length over all was 189 m. The flight deck measured 34.1 m at its widest point. With a draft of almost 8 m, the ships displaced 15,500 t. It was driven by two geared turbines , which received the required steam from four oil-fired boilers. The power was about 100,000 shaft horsepower .

In front of the flight deck, which took up about half the length of the ship, was a tall, pyramid-shaped structure that carried radar and weapons systems. A narrow elevator, which only offered space for small aircraft, connected the flight deck with the hangar below, which could accommodate up to 18 helicopters. Another hangar was located in the deck structure, it offered space for one or two helicopters. The helicopter control station was located above the hangar gate, from which flight operations on deck were monitored and directed.

Armament

The Moskva- class ships had powerful anti-submarine and anti -submarine weapons, so there were two twelve-tube RBU-6000 anti- submarine missile launchers and a double launcher for FRAS-1 missiles at the bow . Behind it were raised two double starters for SA-N-3 - aircraft missiles . On the side of the superstructure there were two twin guns of 57 mm caliber for close-range defense and depth charges. Until the mid-1980s, the ships had five 533 mm torpedo tubes on each side just above the waterline .

However, the main armament of the ships consisted of up to 18 Ka-25 -U-hunting helicopters (NATO reporting name: "Hormones"), who possessed a chin radar and a diving sonar and depth charges and torpedoes could carry.

electronics

The most striking feature of the ship's structure is the large antenna of the Top-Sail - 3D air surveillance radar on the mast in front of the chimney. There is a smaller Head-Net-C 2D air surveillance radar underneath. The fire control of the guided missiles was carried out with two Headlight A radar devices, which were located above the bridge. For electronic countermeasures , the carriers had eight side-globe antennas mounted on the chimney and two Bell-Top , two Bell-Cloud and two Bell-Slam ECM antennas. A large low-frequency sonar was located at the bow, and a tow sonar could be lowered from the stern.

Ships of Project 1123

Two ships of the class were built at the Schwarzmeerwerft 198; a third, planned to be named Kiev , didn't get beyond the keel before the series was discontinued.

Moskva

The Moskva was laid down in Mykolaiv on December 15, 1962 and launched on January 14, 1965. After its commissioning on December 25, 1967, it belonged to the Black Sea Fleet . In 1974 she was deployed in the Mediterranean to ensure the interests of the Soviet Union, here the stabilization of Egypt , after the Yom Kippur War . Over the next few years she made several visits to friendly states on the African continent before being transferred to the reserve in 1993. It was decommissioned in 1996 and sold for scrapping in 1997.

Leningrad

The Leningrad was laid down on January 15, 1965 in shipyard 198. It was launched on July 31, 1966 and entered service on April 22, 1969. She did her service in the Black Sea Fleet. From August to October 1974, she cruised the Eastern Mediterranean to serve as the flagship for the Soviet ships that were supposed to stabilize Egypt. In 1984 she visited Cuba . In 1991 she was taken out of active service and sold for scrapping.

Evidence and references

Remarks

  1. ^ All displacement data to Balakin / Sablozki: Soviet aircraft carriers. [The] aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov. P. 11, based on the year 1967 and the corresponding equipment status.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Haze & Gray, viewed December 14, 2011

literature

  • Сергей Балакин, Владимир Заблоцкий: Советские авианосцы. Авианесущие крейсера адмирала Горшкова (for example: Sergei Balakin, Vladimir Sablozki: Soviet aircraft carriers. [The] aircraft carriers Admiral Gorshkov ). 2007, ISBN 978-5-699-20954-5 (Russian).
  • С.С. Бережной С.С .: Советский ВМФ 1945-1995 Крейсера - большие противолодочные корабли, эсминцы (around: SS Bereschnoi: Soviet naval ships 1945-1995 . Moscow 1995 (Russian).
  • David & Chris Miller: Modern warships - technology, tactics, armament. Verlag Stocker Schmid, Dietikon-Zürich 2001, ISBN 3-7276-7093-2 .

Web links

Commons : Moskva class  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files