Kildin class

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Project 56M
Project 56M destroyer Neulowimy 1981
Project 56M destroyer Neulowimy 1981
Ship data
Ship type destroyer
Shipyard Shipyard 190 Leningrad (1)

Shipyard 445 Mykolaiv (1 + 1)
Shipyard 199 Amur (1)

Construction period 1956 to 1958
Decommissioning 1990s
Units built 4th
Ship dimensions and crew
length
126.1 m ( Lüa )
width 12.76 m
Draft Max. 4.3 m
displacement Standard: 2,767 t

Use: 3,315 t

 
crew 270
Machine system
machine 4 × KW-76 steam boilers

2 × GTZA steam turbines

Machine
performance 		2 × 36,000 PS (26,478 kW)
Top
speed 		39 kn (72 km / h)
propeller 2
Armament
1 × SM-59 for KSShch -FK
4 × 4 57 mm L / 81 FlaK ZiF-75
2 × 2 torpedo tubes ∅ 53.3 cm
2 × RBU-2500

Project 56M , known by NATO as the Kildin-class , was a group of destroyers of the Soviet Navy during the Cold War that were conversions of Project 56 into launch vehicle platforms for cruise missiles .

history

The ships of Project 56 were still classic destroyer models with gun and torpedo armament, similar to the ships that had been used by all major nations in World War II. Although built from 1956, the class carried neither anti-aircraft missiles nor anti-ship missiles or cruise missiles and, according to naval author Juri Apalkow, came around ten years too late.

With the advent of cruise missiles on warships, the naval command decided to mount the recently developed KSShch as the only available missile of this class on the ships. The weapon was actually developed to attack sea targets from land and weighed more than three tons accordingly. Their length of 7.6 meters and the need to refuel them with liquid fuel before use made installation on the small destroyers even more difficult.

It was decided to put the rotating armored structure, in which the missile was waiting for its launch, on the stern of the destroyer, to completely remove the heavy turrets and to move the anti-aircraft weapons to the forecastle and amidships. Eight of the bulky KSShch rockets were to be carried on board as ammunition stocks, so that a new structure was placed on the upper deck along the entire length between the bridge structure and the rocket launcher at the stern. The construction required the dismantling of the ten torpedo tubes that had originally stood between the funnels.

The construction of the Bedowy ( Russian: Бедовый ) (German: der Kecke), as a project 56 destroyer, was stopped and it was rebuilt according to the plans. After its completion, it was listed as Project 56-EM , while the ships, which were built as missile carriers from the start, were given the identifier Project 56-M .

technology

drive

The ships kept the propulsion system from Project 56 . They were equipped with two GTZA turbine sets, each consisting of a turbine for medium and low power and one for high load. The turbines were driven from four KW-76 steam boilers with steam at 450 ° C, which was under a pressure of up to 64 kg / cm².

Armament

The main armament of the ships consisted of an SM-59 launcher for KSShch missiles on the stern.

As in Project 56 , the air defense of the Bedowy prototype was still based on four SM-20 mounts, each carrying four 45 mm L / 78 automatic cannons . However, the weapons were rearranged: two in a row on the forecastle, two amidships on the superstructure, one each on starboard and one on port. These quadruplets had a theoretical rate of fire of up to 640 rounds per minute and could attack ground targets nine kilometers away and air targets five kilometers away. The air defense of the Project 56 M ships, on the other hand, was based on four 57 mm L / 81 quadruple guns ZiF-75, which were arranged in the same way, but with an effective range of seven kilometers were significantly more powerful.

Two twin torpedo tube sets were set up amidships as torpedo armament, one on each side of the superstructure.

The ships were equipped with two RBU-2500 water bomb launchers on the bow to defend themselves against submarines .

Fire control and sensors

Each ship has two "Fut-B" fire control radar sensors, one on the superstructure, immediately behind the stern mast, and one on the roof of the bridge, which detect the fire of the 45 mm SM-20 cannons on Project 56-EM or the 57-mm ZiF-75 on Project 56-M .

Furthermore, a radar for air and surface searches as well as a simple navigation radar were installed on each ship.

To search for underwater contacts, a “Pegas 2” sonar ( Russian Пегас-2 ) was installed, which is rated as not very effective even under optimal conditions with a range of only two to a maximum of three kilometers. The system's sonar sensor was installed on the underside of the hull on the forecastle immediately in front of "Tower A".

variants

Project 56U

Prosorliwy as Project 56U with launch tubes for P-15 missiles 1982.

As project 56U ( Russian Проект 56-У ) is the conversion of cruise missile armament from outdated KSShch on the P-15M , respectively. For this purpose, the old launch device at the stern of Project 56-M was removed and four launch tubes for P-15M missiles, two each on the port and starboard side, amidships, with a launch direction aft. Two AK-276 turrets, each with two 76.2 mm L / 59 guns, were mounted on the aft ship as artillery armament. Another "Fut" radar sensor was placed on the aft mast for the fire control of the new guns. The water displacement was now 2,940 tons empty and 3,447 tons with a full load, the manning reached 273 seamen. Three ships were converted into the 56 U project .

Ships of the 56M project

One ship from Project 56ME and four destroyers from Project 56M were laid down in three shipyards. Three of these ships were later modernized into Project 56U .

Bedowy

Bedowy ( Russian: Бедовый ) (German: der Kecke) was launched on December 1, 1953 as Project 56 destroyer in Mykolaiv and launched on July 31, 1955. Its conversion to Project 56 EM delayed its commissioning until 1958, making it the first Soviet warship to be armed with cruise missiles. She served in the Black Sea Fleet and visited Cuba in 1967 and Barbados in 1969 . In 1970 she was used to enforce Soviet interests off the Egyptian coast and, according to Russian sources, collided with the British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal on November 9, 1970 , but suffered only minor damage. Between 1972 and 1974 it was converted into the 56U project . On April 25, 1989, it was struck from the fleet list and sold to Turkey for scrapping .

Neulowimy

Neulowimy ( Russian Неуловимый ) (German: the torn) was laid on keel in 1958 at shipyard 190 in Leningrad , it was launched on February 27, 1958. In 1960 she was transferred to the Baltic fleet. In 1969 she was used off the African coast and then assigned to the Black Sea Fleet. Rebuilt into Project 56U in 1972 , it was mothballed from 1974 to 1982 and then reintegrated into the fleet before it was finally decommissioned on April 19, 1999.

Prosorliwy

Prosorliwy ( Russian Прозорливый ) (German: the shrewd ) was laid on September 1, 1956 at shipyard 445 Mykolaiv. It was launched on July 30, 1957. She was part of the Black Sea Fleet from 1958. From 1976 to 1977, she was in Sevastopol to project 56U rebuilt and then laid in the Baltic Sea to the Baltic Fleet. There she belonged in 1981 to a cover group of the Soviet Navy, the S-363, a Project 613 submarine that ran aground near Karlskrona , was supposed to secure until it could leave Swedish waters. The destroyer was decommissioned in 1991 and scrapped in the same year.

Neuderschimy

Neuderschimy ( Russian: Неудержимый ) (German: the indomitable) was laid on February 23, 1957 in Komsomolsk am Amur and was launched on May 24, 1958. It was assigned to the Pacific Fleet in 1960 and in 1968 it belonged to a Soviet fleet that sailed in the wake of the events surrounding the USS Pueblo in order to secure Soviet interests. In 1979 she was docked for overhaul, but already disarmed in 1985 and used as a training ship with the registration CF-567. On April 10, 1987, she was removed from the fleet lists.

Neukrotimy

Neukrotimy ( Russian: Неукротимый ) (German: the invincible) was laid at shipyard 199 in Komsomolsk am Amur, but was broken off before completion.

Evidence and references

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to the photos taken by British sailors of the Soviet ship, it was a Project 56A destroyer with an anti-aircraft missile launcher on the aft ship. Compare this photo on the website of the Imperial War Museum [1] , iwm.org.uk, viewed on December 6, 2011.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ю.В. Апальков: Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 56. p. 26.
  2. ↑ SM-20 at navweaps.com, viewed December 4, 2011
  3. ↑ ZiF-75 at navweaps.com, viewed December 4, 2011
  4. ↑ Ю.В. Апальков: Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 56. p. 46.
  5. ↑ Bedowy on flot.sevastopol.info, viewed on December 5, 2011 ( Memento from April 4, 2012 on WebCite )
  6. ↑ Neulowimy on flot.sevastopol.info, viewed on December 6, 2011
  7. ↑ S-363 on alerozin.narod.ru, viewed on December 6, 2011 ( Memento of November 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Prosorliwy on flot.sevastopol.info, viewed on December 6, 2011
  9. ^ Project 56M, history on alerozin.narod.ru, viewed on December 6, 2011
  10. ↑ Ю.В. Апальков: Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 56. p. 50.

literature

  • Ю.В. Апальков: Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 56. (for example: JW Apalkow: Destroyer of Project 56. ), Галея Принт, 2006, ISBN 5-8172-0108-9 (Russian).
  • С.С. Бережной: Советский ВМФ 1945–1995 Крейсера - большие противолодочные корабли, эсминцы. (For example: SS Bereschnoi: Soviet Navy 1945–1995 cruisers, large submarine fighters, destroyers ), Moscow, 1995 (Russian).

Web links